Abstract: A catalyst for isomerization consisting essentially of a salt or complex salt represented by the formula:[ML.sub.m ].sup.n+ [Y].sub.n.sup.- (I)where M is a metal of Group IB, IIA, IIB or VIII of the periodic table, L is a ligand, Y is a conjugated base of a Bronsted acid, m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties. The cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an --OR.sub.2 or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 radical,B is hydroxyl, an --NHOR.sub.1 radical or a metal or ammonium salt thereofR is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkythio,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylthioalkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a positive value of dielectric anisotropy and a low viscosity and being capable of extending the mesomorphic range of liquid crystal composition toward its lower region, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a trans-4-substituted-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid .beta.-(4-halogenophenyl) ethyl ester derivative expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents R.sup.2, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 15 carbons and X represents F or Cl.

Abstract: Bicyclohexyl derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--X--Y IwhereinX is --CO--O-- or --O--CO--,Y is alkyl or perfluoroalkyl in each case of 1-8 C atoms, --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2, --Cy--Ph--R.sup.2, --Ph--Cy--R.sup.2, --Ph--Ph--R.sup.2 or --Ph--Dio--R.sup.2,Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,Ph is 1,4-phenylene,Dio is 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl or alkoxy in each case of 1-8 C atoms,can be used as components of liquid crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: Described are para-carboalkoxy cyclohexanones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, chewing tobaccos, perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g., solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, cosmetic compositions, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, hair preparations and perfumed polymers. The compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 ' represents C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl are novel compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides tobacco compositions which contain a hydroxy-substituted carboxylate compound as a flavorant additive.In one of its embodiments, this invention provides tobacco compositions which contain a hydroxy-substituted alkanoate flavorant additive such as ethyl 2-(2-butyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-33-phenylpropionate: ##STR1## Under smoking conditions the above illustrated hydroxy-substituted alkanoate additive and its pyrolysis products flavor the mainstream and sidestream smoke.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alpha-haloalkylesters, wherein an acylhalide having the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and Hal represents chlorine or bromine is contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic system comprising at least one Group VIII element.

Abstract: Racemic endo- and exo-1-methoxybicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylic acids are starting materials for a novel and efficient synthesis of chiral 3R-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4R-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1R-cycloh exanol, a compound having valuable central nervous system (CNS) activity, particularly as an analgesic and as an antiemetic.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties.The cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an --OR.sub.2 or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 radical,B is hydroxyl, an --NHOR.sub.1 radical or a metal or ammonium salt thereofR is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylthio,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylthioalkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrocarbon radical, R.sub.2 represents an organic radical bonded through a carbon-carbon bond, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be straight-chained or form a ring in arbitrary combinations,which comprises contacting an alpha-disubstituted-beta-keto acid ester represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined, and R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical,with a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) a compound of a platinum-group metal and optionally (b) a monodentate ligand (b).

Abstract: A colorless liquid crystalline compound having at least one 6-membered ring and non-cyclic end groups in the molecular skelton, said 6-membered containing two or more carbon atoms, at least one of which is directly bonded to a methylene group of a non-cyclic group having an alkoxy group at another end has a wide mesomorphic range. When said colorless liquid crystalline compound is mixed with a liquid crystal composition, the resulting mixture also has an enlarge mesomorphic range and in almost all cases has a reduced viscosity.

Abstract: As new compound is provided a cyclohexane derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, an alkylthioalkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; and R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenoxymethyl group, a 2-thienylmethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an alkylthiomethyl group, or a salt of said cyclohexane compound.This cyclohexane compound exhibits useful plant-growth regulating effects on crop-plants and also non-crop plants such as lawn and may be prepared by cyclization of an acetonylsuccinic acid dialkyl ester, followed by reaction with an organic acid chloride and by intermolecular rearrangement.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preventing or reducing the degradation of elastin and other proteins and thereby preventing or retarding the disease states caused by said degradation by administering compounds of the formula: ##STR1## or their pharmacologically acceptable salts.

Abstract: Described are para-carboalkoxy cyclohexanones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, chewing tobaccos, perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g., solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, cosmetic compositions, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, hair preparations and perfumed polymers. The compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 ' represents C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl are novel compounds.

Abstract: Novel cyclic di- and tetraester compounds made from the reaction of various unsaturated cyclic compounds with carboxylic acid anhydrides in the presence of oxygen are described. The process to make these novel ester compounds is preferably conducted at a temperature in the range from about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and in the presence of a catalyst. A transition metal borate catalyst is preferred. Such ester compounds are potentially useful plasticizers, lubricants, solvents and fuel additives.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula I: ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. These compounds inhibit lipoxygenase, thus preventing the metabolism of arachidonic acid to the leukotrienes. These compounds are thus useful in the treatment of asthma, allergic disorders, inflammation, skin diseases and certain cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to nematic liquid crystals in electro-optical components for the modulation of light as well as for the representation of numerals, signs and images and to a method for producing the same.It is the object of the invention to create nematic liquid crystals which are well suited for electro-optical devices, preferably for two-frequency operation.It has been found that pure or mixed 2-n-alkyl-1, 4-bis-[4-acyloxy]-benzenes of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 =n-C.sub.m H.sub.2m+1, with m=3 to 14, are well suited for utilization in electro-optical components.It was found that 2-n-alkyl-1,4-bis-[acyloxy]-benzene which is well suited for electro-optical components, and especially for two-frequency operations, can be produced by the conversion of a correspondingly substituted benzoic acid or cyclohexane carboxylic acid or a reaction-capable derivative thereof with the corresponding 2-n-alkylhydroquinone--also in the form of its phenylate--at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides substantially difunctional hydroxyl-terminated polyether-esters and a process for preparing the same. The process comprises reacting ethylene carbonate with a substituted or unsubstituted epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of a catalytic amount of a specified catalyst at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. The catalyst comprises an alkali metal salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, or a mixture thereof. The products of the invention are pourable liquid urethane-forming polyols at room temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrocarbon group, R.sub.2 represents an organic group bonded through a carbon-carbon bond, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be linear or may form a ring when taken together in arbitrary combinations,which comprises contacting an .alpha.-disubstituted-.beta.-keto acid ester of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined, and R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group,with a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) a compound of a platinum-group metal and (b) and .alpha.,.omega.-alkylenedi(disubstituted)phosphine.

Abstract: Adducts, improved polymer-polyols and improved polyurethane foams are provided. The adducts are produced by reacting suitable polyol and epoxy co-reactant to essentially eliminate all epoxy groups. The polymer-polyol is produced by polymerizing suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the adduct or in the adduct forming mixture; in the later case the adduct forming reaction and the polymerization reaction occur simultaneously to produce the polymer-polyol. Polyurethane foams are produced by the usual method but employing the novel adduct or polymer-polyol of the present invention.

Abstract: Amidino compounds represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof are novel compounds and are useful as powerful antitrypsine, antiplasmin, antikallikrein and anti-thrombin agents. Having strong anti-Cl (Clr, Cls) activities and an anticomplement activity, they are also useful as anticomplement agents. These amidino compounds are prepared by usual esterification of carboxylic acid compounds represented by the formula (II)R.sub.1 --COOH (II)with 4-(.beta.-amidinoethenyl)phenol represented by the formula (III) ##STR2## and, if necessary, can be transformed into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal nematic substances for electro-optical devices for the modulation of light, for the reproduction of numerals, signs and images as well as an orienting medium for spectroscopy and gas chromatography.It was found that compounds containing two or three rings, connected by carboxyl groups are new liquid crystal nematic substances of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 =C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, CN; R.sup.2 =C.sub.m H.sub.2m+1, CN;R.sup.3 =H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Cl, Br; x=0 or 1; m,n=numbers from 1 to 10 are suitable for electro-optical arrangements for the modulation of transmitted or reflected light as well as for the reproduction of numeral signals and images, and further, as an orienting medium for spectroscopy and gas chromotography.Other liquid crystal substances or non-liquid crystalline substances, particularly dyes, may be added to the substances according to the invention.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compounds useful as a component of liquid crystal compositions having superior actuation characteristics within a broader temperature range are provided, which compounds are carboxylic acid cyclohexyl ester derivatives expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein A represents ##STR2## R- or RO-; B represents ##STR3## R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, both having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R' represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sulfonyl or carbonyl derivatives of inositols are found to be effective phospholipase C inhibitors and thereby potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. These inositol derivatives are prepared by condensation of a protected inositol with a substituted sulfonic or carboxylic acid derivative followed by removal of protecting groups.

Abstract: 4-Fluorobiphenyl derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; Z is 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene; and R is alkyl, alkoxy or alkanoyloxy, each of 1 to 8 atoms, are valuable components of liquid-crystalline dielectrics for electro-optical applications.

Abstract: A process for making polyether/polyester glycols and the products formed thereby. Polyether/polyester glycols having a molecular weight of about 200 to 2,200 are formed by heating any of various glycols at about 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. under carbon monoxide pressure in the presence of a halide promoter. Preferably, iodide or bromide and a transition metal-containing catalyst are used to produce polyether/polyester glycols having a molecular weight in the range of 900 to 1,200.

Abstract: The selective addition of a compound having an activated carbon atom onto the carbon atom in the 4-position of a buta-1,3-diene carrying a hydrocarbon substituent on the carbon atom in the 2-position is achieved by reacting the compound having the activated carbon atom with the buta-1,3-diene carrying the hydrocarbon substituent in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic mixture in the presence of a catalyst which consists of at least one water-soluble phosphine and at least one rhodium compound, the catalyst being in solution in the water or aqueous alcoholic mixture. The products obtained are useful as precursors of intermediates for the synthesis of vitamins and perfumes.

Abstract: Described is the hexadienoyl cyclohexene derivative defined according to the structure: ##STR1## which may either be in the form of a mixture of Z, Z; E, E; Z, E or E, Z isomers or the individual isomers themselves having the structures: ##STR2## a process for preparing same, intermediates useful in said process defined according to the structure: ##STR3## wherein R represents ethyl or methyl and organoleptic uses of the hexadienoyl cyclohexene derivatives in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g. solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, hair preparations, fabric softeners, fabric softener articles, cosmetic powders and perfumed polymers); foodstuffs, chewing gums, medicinal products, toothpastes and chewing tobaccos; smoking tobaccos and smoking tobacco articles.

Abstract: 2-Aryl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione enol ester compounds exhibit outstanding miticidal,mite ovicidal and herbicidal activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel ester compounds derived from alkynoic acids and to their preparation. This invention is also directed to insecticidal and miticidal compositions comprising an acceptable carrier and an insecticidally or miticidally effective amount of a novel ester compound of this invention as well as a method of controlling pests by subjecting them to an insecticidally or miticidally effective amount of a novel ester compound of this invention.

Abstract: Mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-esters derived from an acid of the general formula:R--OHin which R represents an acyl radical of the general formula: ##STR1## in which n represents 0 or 1, m represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being from 4 to 10 when R.sub.3 represents hydrogen and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 being from 6 to 15 when R.sub.3 is different from hydrogen, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 when they are taken together represent a tetramethylene, pentamethylene or hexamethylene radical and R.sub.

Abstract: Substances isolated after cultivation of a microorganism belonging to the genus Aspergillus in a culture medium comprise compounds which have structures: ##STR1## Together with salts and esters of the carboxylic acid, these compounds form a class of highly active hypocholesteremic and hypolipemic medicaments.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing the compound having the structure: ##STR1## comprising the steps of reacting 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane with a dialkyl carbonate; thereby forming a ketoester having the structure: ##STR2## wherein R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl; reacting the said ketoester with an allyl halide to form a substituted ketoester having the structure: ##STR3## saponifying the substituted ketoester with base forming a substituted keto carboxylic ester salt; and hydrolyzing the said keto carboxylic acid salt with acid to form the corresponding acid; and then heating and decarboxylating the resulting keto carboxylic acid to form the desired compound.

Abstract: New quinone derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or methoxy, or two of R.sup.1 combine to represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--, R is amino which may be substituted or --OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --.sub.m H (wherein m is an integer of 1 to 10), and n is an integer of 1 to 10 when R is amino which may be substituted, or n is an integer of 2 to 10 when R is --OR.sup.4, and their hydroquinone forms, have useful physiological activities such as blood-pressure decreasing and antiallergic activities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of telluroxides as mild and selective oxidizing agents serving to oxidize certain functions, notably >C.dbd.S groups, in the presence of other relatively easily oxidized functions which remain unaffected; telluroxides of interest as oxidizing agents include, for example, compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1, which may be the same or different, each represent an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic group; or R and R.sup.1 together with the tellurium atom therebetween represent a heterocyclic ring, which may contain one or more further heteroatoms, and which may carry substituents and/or fused aromatic rings.

Abstract: Anisotropic compounds with negative or positive DCA and .DELTA.n.ltoreq.0.2 have the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 l are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms respectively, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can represent cyclical fragment of formulae (1a) or (1b); ##STR2## the bridges Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are identical or different and means covalent bonds or carboxyl or oxycarbonyl groups; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively; X.sup.1 and X.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, nitrile or nitro, wherein at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.4 is not hydrogen when R.sup.2 represents a cyclical fragment of formula (1a) or (1b) and Z.sup.2 is a carboxyl group or Z.sup.3 is an oxycarbonyl group, respectively. Liquid crystal compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds suitable for use in LC-display devices are disclosed and claimed. The new compounds are cyclohexyl cyclohexylmethyl ethers of formula (1): ##STR1## in which X and Y are respectively hydrogen, alkyl group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, alkoxy group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, monoalkylamino group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, nitrile group, nitro group, halogen, or cyclic radical of formula (1a) or (1b): ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen alkyl group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, alkoxy group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, monoalkylamino group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, nitrile group, nitro group or halogen, and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent simple covalent bonds or grounds of the formulas --COO--, --OOC--, --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2, with the requirement that only one of the groups X, Y can be a cyclicradical or formula (1a) or (1b). Also disclosed and claimed are LC-mixtures containing these compounds and methods for their synthesis.

Abstract: Anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein X and Y are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, N-monoalkaylamine having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, halogen, cyano, nitro, or a cyclic radical of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, Z.sup.1 is a --COO-- group or a --OOC-- group and Z.sup.2 may be the same as Z.sup.1 or a single convalent bond, with the proviso that:(a) only one of the groups X and Y is a cyclic radical, and(b) neither of the groups X or Y is hydrogen, bromine, or poperidino when the other is hydrogen, have low .DELTA.n-values without a greay tendency to form smectic phases and are useful in preparing liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A diester of .alpha.-acetyl-.alpha.'-methylsuccinic acid is prepared in improved yield under substantially anhydrous process conditions which minimizes decomposition of that diester by reacting an acetoacetate ester with an .alpha.-halopropionate ester in a solvent mixture containing a non-polar, aprotic liquid, e.g., toluene, and a dipolar aprotic liquid, e.g., DMF, at from about 50.degree. C. to reflux temperature in the presence of a phase transfer agent, a catalytic amount of iodide ion and solid form, substantially anhydrous alkali metal base or basic salt. Further improvement is obtained when the completed reaction mixture is diluted with water and adjusted to pH 8 to 9, and when the DMF/acetoacetate ester ratios are between about 1.7 and 3. The resulting diesters can be used under the conditions of this invention as intermediates in processes for making ibuprofen by combining and reacting the .alpha.-acetyl-.alpha.

Abstract: Cyclohexanones and -hexenones ##STR1## R.sup.1 is hydrogen or--CO--O--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1-m (--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5) (1c)R.sup.2 is a group 1c, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, chloro, carbamoyl, lower-alkyl-carbamoyl, sulfamoyl or lower-alkyl-sulfamoyl, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are lower alkyl or --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 is pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl or morpholyl, m is 1 or 2 and n is 2 to 6, are obtained by reacting 2 mols of an esterCH.sub.3 --CO--CH.sub.2 --CO--O--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1-m (--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5).sub.m (2)with an aldehyde R.sup.3 --CHO (3). The compounds (1) easily saponify and decarboxylate without an added catalyst to form a cyclohexenones ##STR2## while setting free the alcoholHO--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1-m (--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5).sub.m (5)which reacts without a catalyst with diketene to form the ester (2).

Abstract: Stabilizer mixtures consisting of(a) a thioether of the formula I ##STR1## and (b) a stabilizer containing a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, cadmium, barium, magnesium, tin or antimony, or also zinc in combination with at least one of the metals just referred to. The definitions of the substituents and symbols in formula I will be found in claim 1.These stabilizer mixtures ensure an excellent heat-stabilizing action in chlorinated thermoplastics.

Abstract: Novel, transient prodrug forms of the phenolic dihydroxy sympathomimetic amines have (i) the structural formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O, S or NR.sup.5 ; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is the monodehydroxylated residue of a phenolic, nuclear dihydroxy natural sympathetic or sympathomimetic amine when n is 1, and the didehydroxylated residue of a phenolic, nuclear dihydroxy natural sympathetic or sympathomimetic amine when n is 2; R.sup.

Abstract: Novel, transient prodrug forms of dopa and dopamine have (i) the structural formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, R.sup.3 -CO- and ##STR2## wherein X is O, S or NR.sup.6 ; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --COOR.sup.8 ; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or OR; R.sup.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of but-2-en-1-ol compounds by isomerizing but-3-en-1-ol compounds in the presence of a palladium catalyst and of hydrogen is improved by modifying the palladium catalyst with selenium or tellurium.The but-2-en-1-ols manufactured according to the invention are either solvents or valuable starting materials for the manufacture of solvents, dyes, surface coatings, paints and pesticides.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of a carboxylic acid ester of .beta.-formyl-crotyl alcohol by rearrangement of the corresponding carboxylic acid ester of 2-formyl-2-hydroxy-but-3-ene or of an acetal or acylate thereof in the presence of copper or a copper compound, followed, where relevant, by hydrolytic cleavage of the acetal or acylate, more especially in the preparation of 4,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-crotyl acetate, the yield is improved by carrying out the rearrangement in the presence of copper (I) chloride as the catalyst and ensuring that low-boiling by-products formed during the rearrangement are removed.The products are of great importance as starting materials for an industrial synthesis of vitamin A and its derivatives.

Abstract: The invention describes nematic compositions for electrooptical devices for modulation of the transmitted or incident light and for the rendition of numbers, symbols and images as orientation in the spectroscopy and gas chromatography.

Abstract: A condensation product from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyols, aliphatic saturated or once unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids is an effective lubricant for the working of metals, optionally in admixture with other lubricating oils and conventional additives.

Abstract: Delta-keto-esters such as 4-oxopentane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester and the like, are prepared in the presence of a primary amine, a Schiff base, or both, by reacting a ketone having at least one hydrogen atom in the alpha position and an alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid ester in the presence of an acid according to the disclosed invention.

Abstract: Novel esters of halo-4-alkenoic acid compounds having pesticidal activity and methods of their preparation.

Abstract: The chemical compounds of the invention are useful as the active compound in drugs because of their anticonvulsant and/or antianoxic activity. They have the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is a hydroxyl group; a group--OM wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an equivalent atom fraction of an alkaline-earth metal or an amino group such as --NH.sub.2, and R is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; a linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, or acylalkyl group containing from 2 to 9 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; an aryl or arylalkyl or aryloxyalkyl group comprising at least one aromatic radical and an alkyl chain having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.