Abstract: An apparatus for mixing at least first and second fluid, comprising: (a) a first nozzle comprising a first flow duct defining a first flow chamber, and having a first nozzle tip having a first discharge opening; and (b) a second nozzle comprising a second flow duct defining a second flow chamber, and having a second nozzle tip having a second discharge opening; wherein said first flow duct and said second flow duct are spirally wrapped each over the other. The invention also provides a process for mixing fluids, especially adapted for the production of isocyanates, and that is notably carried out in the apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention accordingly provides a process for preparing light-colored polyphenylene-polymethylene polyisocyanates comprising the steps (a) providing an amount of chlorine, (b) separating the chlorine provided in the step (a) to obtain a first chlorine fraction having a content of free and bound bromine and iodine of <50 ppm and a second chlorine fraction having an increased content of free and bound bromine and iodine that depends on the original amount of bromine and iodine in the chlorine provided in step (a) and the separation split, (c) reacting carbon monoxide with at least a portion of the first chlorine fraction to form a first phosgene fraction, (d) reacting carbon monoxide with at least a part of the second chlorine fraction to form a second phosgene fraction, (e) reacting at least a portion of a first phosgene fraction with at least one amine of the diphenylmethane diamine series (MDA) to form the corresponding polyphenylene-polymethylene polyisocyanate (PMDI), and (f) reacting at leas

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the liquid phase, if appropriate in the presence of at least one inert medium, in which the amine and the phosgene are first mixed in a mixing chamber (1) to give a reaction mixture and the reaction mixture is fed to a reactor, the amine being added through an orifice (3) arranged coaxially to the mixing chamber (1) and the phosgene being added through feed orifices (5) in at least two planes (7, 9) arranged at right angles to the axis (11) of the mixing chamber (1), or the phosgene being added through the orifice (3) arranged coaxially to the mixing chamber and the amine through the feed orifices (5) in at least two planes (7, 9) arranged at right angles to the axis (11) of the mixing chamber (1). At least one plane (9) is arranged upstream and at least one plane (7) downstream of the orifice (3) arranged coaxially to the mixing chamber (1) in main flow direction of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines comprised in at least one feed stream A with phosgene comprised in at least one feed stream P in a reaction plant comprising at least one mixing zone and at least one reaction zone, wherein feed stream A and/or feed stream P optionally comprise one or more inert materials and, during periods of time in which the flow Sx of the amine used is below the flow S0 of the amines used during operation at the nominal capacity of the reactor plant, (i) the ratio of phosgene to amine is increased and/or (ii) the concentration of the inert material or materials in the amine-comprising feed stream A and/or the phosgene-comprising feed stream P is increased compared to operation at the nominal capacity of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in which the amine and the phosgene are first mixed and converted to the isocyanate in a reactor, and in which a reaction gas (1) which comprises isocyanate and hydrogen chloride leaving the reactor is cooled in a quench (3) by adding a liquid quench medium (5) to form a mixture of reaction gas and quench medium as the product stream (7). The quench medium (5) used is a mixture which comprises at least one solvent and isocyanate and which is withdrawn from the preparation process, any solid particles present in the quench medium (5) being removed before addition to the quench (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing isocyanates from an amine compound. The process comprises the steps of a) Providing chlorine; b) Providing carbon monoxide; c) Reacting said chlorine and said carbon monoxide for providing phosgene, the carbon monoxide being provided in an adjustable molar excess; d) Providing an amine compound and phosgenating said amine compound using said phosgene thereby providing said isocyanate; the process further comprises adjusting said adjustable molar excess, i.e. the molar excess of carbon monoxide, for adjusting the color of the isocyanate.

Abstract: A process for preparing isocyanates by phosgenation of the corresponding amines in a fluidized-bed reactor (R), wherein a gas stream (1) comprising the phosgene is used as fluidizing gas and keeps an inert solid in suspension and a liquid stream (2) comprising the amine is fed into the fluidized bed, with the amine vaporizing partially or completely and reacting with the phosgene to give a reaction gas mixture which comprises the corresponding isocyanate and is taken off from the fluidized-bed reactor (R) is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, if appropriate in the presence of an inert medium, in which the amine and the phosgene are first mixed and converted to the isocyanate in a reactor, and in which a reaction gas which comprises isocyanate and hydrogen chloride and leaves the reactor is cooled in a quench space of a quench by adding a quench medium. The quench medium on addition to the quench space has a temperature above the condensation temperature or the desublimation temperature of the reaction gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte including carbon dioxide and contacting the second region with an anolyte including a recycled reactant. The method may further include applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce carbon monoxide recoverable from the first region and a halogen recoverable from the second region.

Abstract: Process for preparing isocyanates by phosgenation of amines, wherein phosgene and amine are brought into contact in at least 2 mixing chambers connected in parallel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, if appropriate in the presence of at least one inert medium, the phosgene being passed into a reactor (21) through a first inlet and the amine through a second inlet of an ejector (1). The first inlet and the second inlet open into a mixing zone (17) in which the phosgene and the amine are mixed to give a reaction mixture. The mixing zone (17) is followed downstream by a diffuser (19) in which pressure and temperature of the reaction mixture composed of phosgene and amine are increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of isocyanates, preferably diisocyanates and polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series (MDI), by reacting an amine with phosgene in the liquid phase or in the gas phase to form the corresponding isocyanates, subsequent removal of the solvent in at least two steps to obtain at least two solvent streams, individual treatment of the at least two solvent streams, and recirculation of at least a portion of the solvent streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in which phosgene and amine are first mixed and converted to the isocyanate in a reactor, and in which a reaction gas which comprises isocyanate and hydrogen chloride leaving the reactor is cooled in a quench by adding a liquid quench medium to form a mixture of reaction gas and quench medium as the product stream. The walls of the quench are essentially completely wetted with a liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing light-colored polyphenylene-polymethylene-polyisocyanate (PMDI), comprising the steps (a) providing carbon monoxide and chlorine, (b) reacting carbon monoxide with chlorine to form phosgene, (c) reacting the phosgene from step (b) with at least one primary amine with the exception of mono- and polyphenylene-polymethylene polyamines with an excess of phosgene to form an at least one isocyanate containing reaction solution, and hydrogen chloride, (d) separating excess phosgene from the isocyanate-containing reaction solution obtained in step (c), (e) providing at least one polyphenylene-polymethylene polyamine, and (f) reacting at least a portion of the phosgene separated in step (d) with the at least one polyphenylene-polymethylene polyamine to form the light-colored polyphenylene-polymethylene polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A process according to the invention is a process to separate an initial fluid stream comprising phosgene and hydrogen chloride in at least a first and a second fluid stream, said first fluid stream being a hydrogen chloride enriched and phosgene depleted gaseous stream, said second fluid stream being a hydrogen chloride depleted and phosgene enriched stream.

Abstract: A process for preparing diisocyanates by gas-phase phosgenation starting out from a feed stream comprising the corresponding diamines and a phosgene-comprising feed stream, in which the feed streams are separately converted into the gas phase and preheated to the reaction temperature of the gas-phase phosgenation, wherein the waste heat from a plant for preparing chlorine by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen chloride by the Deacon process is utilized for this purpose, is proposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting amines with phosgene in the liquid phase, where phosgene, hydrogen chloride and isocyanates are separated with stripping columns operated at different pressures.

Abstract: What is proposed is a process for preparation and distillative workup of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), proceeding from a benzene-comprising feedstream, in which, in a catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline, steam is raised at two different pressure levels, which partly or completely covers the energy demand for the overall process, by using two fluidized bed reactors of identical design, of which a first fluidized bed reactor is operated with an aniline load for which the fluidized bed reactors have been designed and provides steam at a first, lower pressure level, and a second fluidized bed reactor is operated with a load lowered with respect to the first fluidized bed reactor to such an extent that the second fluidized bed reactor affords steam at the higher pressure level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the phosgenation of amines in the gas phase, in which a specific type of heat exchanger is used for vaporizing the amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates and/or polyisocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in a reactor (1), a first reactant stream comprising the amine being supplied to the reactor (1) in liquid form, and a second reactant stream comprising the phosgene being supplied to the reactor in gaseous form. The reactor is a centrifugal reactor (1) having a packing (9) which rotates about a central axis (7) in a housing (13), the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream being supplied to the rotating packing (9) such that the reactant streams are mixed due to the centrifugal force in the rotating packing (9) and are transported outward, the mixing in the rotating packing (9) resulting in reaction of the phosgene with the amine to give the corresponding isocyanate or polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A Pentamethylene diisocyanate is obtained by phosgenating pentamethylenediamine or its salt obtained by a biochemical method, and contains 5 to 400 ppm of a compound represented by the general formula (1) below and a compound represented by the general formula (2) below in total:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanates comprising biuret groups from diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and diamines.

Abstract: An isocyanate is produced by reacting an amine with a stoichiometric excess of phosgene in the gas phase. This reaction is carried out at a temperature above the amine's boiling point to obtain a liquid stream containing the isocyanate and a gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and phosgene. The gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and phosgene thus produced is separated into a gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and a liquid stream containing phosgene. At least part of the liquid stream containing phosgene is then converted to a gas stream containing phosgene which gas stream is then recycled. The gaseous phosgene stream is maintained at a higher pressure than the liquid phosgene stream.

Abstract: An isocyanate is produced by continuously reacting an amine with phosgene in the presence of an inert substance in the gas phase. In this process, a phosgene-containing stream and a stream containing both the amine and the inert substance are fed into a reactor. The molar ratio of the inert substance to the amino groups in the stream is greater than 0 but less than 45 mol %. This molar ratio changes by no more than 99% during a 20 minute period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses the finding that improvements can be achieved in manufacture of isocyanates through the use of a substitute for or a precursor of phosgene. Methods and compositions utilized in accordance with the present invention can be useful in situations in which it is difficult to use phosgene, and in particular gaseous phosgene. In some embodiments, a substitute for or a precursor of phosgene used in accordance with the present invention for preparing isocyanates is or comprises diphosgene (ClCO2CCl3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanates by reacting primary amines with phosgene, which comprises the steps a) mixing the amine with the phosgene, b) reacting the amine with the phosgene in a residence reactor and, if desired, c) transferring the output from the reactor of step b) into a distillation column, wherein the residence reactor in step b) is configured as a tube reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate obtained form a process comprising the steps of reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary amine, with phosgene in the presence of an inert solvent, wherein the initial reaction temperature is between 100 and 130° C. and the temperature is subsequently ramped to 150 to 180° C. during the course of the reaction, the solvent to amine weight ratio is 95:5 to 80:20, the total reaction pressure is maintained between 50 and 350 psig and the amine is rapidly dispersed in the phosgene through injection in a region of high efficiency mixing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of measuring entry of water and resulting corrosion in plants for producing isocyanates by reacting phosgene with one or more primary amines in a solvent. The invention further relates to an apparatus for producing such isocyanates, in the work-up section of which probes for monitoring corrosion are arranged in defined places.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, in the presence or absence of an inert medium, which comprises the following steps: (a) vaporization of the amine in a vaporizer, (b) superheating of the amine, (c) mixing of the gaseous amine with the phosgene and introduction into a reaction zone, (d) reaction of amine and phosgene to give isocyanate in the reaction zone, with a reaction mixture comprising isocyanate and hydrogen chloride being formed, (e) cooling of the reaction mixture comprising isocyanate and hydrogen chloride, wherein the vaporizer comprises a vessel in which tubes through which a heating medium flows are comprised, where number and diameter of the tubes are designed so that the tubes have a specific heat transfer area based on the volume through which the amine flows of at least 300 m2/m3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rapid mixing reactor, comprising a first feed-in passage housing, a reactor housing, a second feed-in passage, a hollow blade-wheel feed distributor, a rotation shaft, and a first feed distributor, wherein the first feed-in passage housing and the reactor housing are constructed coaxially and communicated with each other; the second feed-in passage, the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor and the rotation shaft each are fixed in connection with each other in the sequence along the central axis of the reactor; the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor is located within the reactor housing and rotates axially under the driving force of the rotation shaft; the second feed-in passage is connected with the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor; the first feed-in passage housing is set up with at least one first feed-in inlet therein; the reactor housing is set up with at least one reaction liquid outlet at its distal end; and the first feed distributor and the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor are pro

Abstract: The present invention a process and apparatus for the production of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) isomer mixtures with a low 2,2?-MDI isomer content and a high 2,4?-MDI isomer content. The resulting mixtures have an increased reactivity and are acceptable in food grade application due to the reduction in primary aromatic amines formed during the curing process. The process and apparatus also include controlling the amount of 4,4?-MDI, which is the most reactive isomer in the mixture allowing use in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an isocyanate, which involves contacting fluid streams of amine, phosgene and inert medium in at least one mixing device, such that an inert medium stream is metered at least between one amine stream and one phosgene stream within the mixing device, and then reacting an amine with phosgene in a reaction chamber to form an isocyanate. In this process the inert medium stream is metered such that a point of first contact of the amine and the phosgene occurs at a distance from a surface of the mixing device, and a turbulent flow is present in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A process for preparing isocyanates by phosgenation of the corresponding amines in a fluidized-bed reactor (R), wherein a gas stream (1) comprising the phosgene is used as fluidizing gas and keeps an inert solid in suspension and a liquid stream (2) comprising the amine is fed into the fluidized bed, with the amine vaporizing partially or completely and reacting with the phosgene to give a reaction gas mixture which comprises the corresponding isocyanate and is taken off from the fluidized-bed reactor (R) is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of isocyanates by reaction of the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, wherein a diluent containing between 90.0000% by weight and 99.9999% by weight of substances which are inert in the phosgenation process and between 0.0001% by weight and 10.0000% by weight of oxygen is present during the conversion of the amine into the gas phase and the molar ratio of amine to oxygen (O2) is ?1,000:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for working up residues from production of isocyanates. This process involves hydrolyzing residues from production of at least one isocyanate with water to form a hydrolysis product, and processing the hydrolysis product within an extruder or a kneader having a heat transfer surface, to form a mixed product containing at least one amine and water. The amine and the water are separated from the mixed product to form an amine/water mixture, which is then separated to obtain the water and the amine. The process may also involve separating all or part of the water from the hydrolysis, or separating part of the amine from the hydrolysis, prior to the processing of the hydrolysis product.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting amines with phosgene, wherein the amine or a mixture of amine and a solvent is mixed in the form of an aerosol with gaseous phosgene and the amine is subsequently reacted with phosgene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates and/or polyisocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in a reactor (1), a first reactant stream comprising the amine being supplied to the reactor (1) in liquid form, and a second reactant stream comprising the phosgene being supplied to the reactor in gaseous form. The reactor is a centrifugal reactor (1) having a packing (9) which rotates about a central axis (7) in a housing (13), the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream being supplied to the rotating packing (9) such that the reactant streams are mixed due to the centrifugal force in the rotating packing (9) and are transported outward, the mixing in the rotating packing (9) resulting in reaction of the phosgene with the amine to give the corresponding isocyanate or polyisocyanate.

Abstract: In a method for producing 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, a lysine decarboxylase-expressing microorganism that is subjected to a treatment is used.

Abstract: Aromatic diisocyanates are produced by reacting in the gas phase the corresponding primary aromatic diamine with phosgene. The phosgene and the primary aromatic diamine are reacted within a mean residence time of from 0.05 to 15 seconds. The aromatic diamine used contains less than 0.05 mole % overall of aliphatic amine containing no keto groups, per mole of primary amino groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, and to the preparation of di- and polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series from these di- and polyamines. The di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series are prepared by the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid. In the present invention, the formaldehyde employed is used as an aqueous solution which contains less than 0.001 wt % of metal ions which are divalent and/or more than divalent.

Abstract: Process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines comprised in at least one feed stream A with phosgene comprised in at least one feed stream P in a reaction plant comprising at least one mixing zone and at least one reaction zone, wherein feed stream A and/or feed stream P optionally comprise one or more inert material s and, during periods of time in which the flow Sx of the amine used is below the flow S0 of the amines used during operation at the nominal capacity of the reactor plant, (i) the ratio of phosgene to amine is increased and/or (ii) the concentration of the inert material or materials in the amine-comprising feed stream A and/or the phosgene-comprising feed stream P is increased compared to operation at the nominal capacity of the reactor.

Abstract: Processes comprising providing an amine reactant, and reacting the amine reactant with a stream of phosgene in a reaction zone to form a product comprising a corresponding isocyanate, wherein the phosgene stream has a CO content of 0.5% by weight or more.

Abstract: An isocyanate is produced by continuously reacting an amine with phosgene in the presence of an inert substance in the gas phase. In this process, a phosgene-containing stream and a stream containing both the amine and the inert substance are fed into a reactor. The molar ratio of the inert substance to the amino groups in the stream is greater than 0 but less than 45 mol %. This molar ratio changes by no more than 99% during a 20 minute period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanates from natural raw material sources, in which a composition comprising low molecular weight aromatics which comprise at least one hydroxy group or at least one alkoxy group per molecule (oxyaromatics) is produced from a biomass material, these oxyaromatics are converted into the corresponding aromatic amines and, optionally after condensation with formaldehyde, reacted further with phosgene to give compounds comprising isocyanate groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing methylenediphenyl diisocyanates which comprises at least the steps: A) reaction of aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst to give a mixture of diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series (MDA) and subsequent at least partial neutralization of the hydrochloric acid by means of alkali metal hydroxide, B) reaction of the mixture of diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series obtained in step A) with phosgene to give a mixture of diisocyanates and polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series (MDI) and hydrogen chloride, wherein C) the hydrochloric acid which has been neutralized in step A) is separated off in the form of a solution containing alkali metal chloride and is subsequently at least partly fed to an electrochemical oxidation to form chlorine, alkali metal hydroxide and optionally hydrogen and D) at least part of the chlorine produced in step C) is used for preparing the phosgene used in step B).

Abstract: A process for preparing phenyl iso(thio)cyanates of the formula I in which a compound of the formula II or its HCl adduct is reacted with a phosgenating agent where W is oxygen or sulfur and Ar and A are as defined in claim 1 is described. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the phenyl iso(thio)cyanates for preparing crop protection agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing diisocyanates from diamines and phosgene in the gas phase.

Abstract: A process is proposed for preparing isocyanates by phosgenating the corresponding amines in the gas phase, which comprises dividing a phosgene-containing reaction mixture from the gas phase synthesis of carbon monoxide and chlorine to phosgene, which is run with a stoichiometric carbon monoxide excess over chlorine, by means of a thermal separating process and/or of a membrane separating process into two streams, specifically into a first, low-carbon monoxide stream comprising not more than 1% by weight of carbon monoxide, based on the total weight of the first, low-carbon monoxide stream, and into a second, carbon monoxide-rich stream comprising more than 10% by weight of carbon monoxide, based on the total weight of the second, carbon monoxide-rich stream, and using the first, low-carbon monoxide stream as a reactant stream in the phosgenation of amines to isocyanates in the gas phase.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing polyisocyanates, comprising the steps of a) reacting amines with phosgene, b) removing hydrogen chloride, excess phosgene and, if appropriate, the solvent from the reaction mixture, c) separating the liquid mixture from step b) into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, d) working up the gaseous phase from step c) to give the polyisocyanate.