Abstract: Certain phosphonic acid salts heated at temperatures over 200° C. generate thermally stable, highly efficient flame retardant materials well suited for use as flame retardant additives in polymers. Various methods for preparing flame retardant materials from more than one phosphonic acid salts are provided, wherein each method can generate different flame retardant materials from the same mixture of starting phosphonic acids. The flame retardants of the invention can be used as the sole flame retardant in a composition or in combination with other flame retardants, synergists or adjuvants.

Abstract: In a conductive film forming method using photo sintering, a conductive film having low electric resistance is easily formed. The conductive film forming method is a method in which a conductive film is formed using photo sintering. This method includes the steps of forming a layer made of a sintering promoter on a substrate, forming a liquid film made of a copper particulate dispersion on the layer of the sintering promoter, drying the liquid film to form a copper particulate layer, and subjecting the copper particulate layer to photo sintering. The sintering promoter is a compound which removes copper oxide from metallic copper. Thereby, the sintering promoter removes a surface oxide film of copper particulates in photo sintering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prevention of congenital deformations. The invention further relates to cancer inhibition and prevention. The invention further relates to methods and compositions to modulate, antagonize, or agonize disparate signaling pathways that may converge to regulate patterning events and gene expression during prenatal development, post-natal development, and during development in the adult organism. The invention also relates to activators or deactivators of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of diseases related to PKM2 function.

Abstract: The present invention describes tripodal bisphosphonate derivatives with a flexible basic framework for the functionalization of surfaces, and methods for their production and use. The central atom of the flexible framework is hereby a tertiary aliphatic carbon atom. A fourth remaining position of the flexible framework is suitable to be optionally functionalized by so-called click reactions, for example with biomolecules, polyethylene glycol or active agents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a phosphorus containing flame retardant which may be the reaction product of a reaction mixture where the reaction mixture includes at least one first polyol and at least one phosphorus containing compound having the general formula (1), (2) or combination thereof:

Abstract: The present invention provides novel bisphosphonate conjugates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising bisphosphonate conjugates and methods of using such analogs in the treatment of bone cancer, bone-related diseases, bone infection, bone inflammation, and diseases of the soft tissues surrounding bones.

Abstract: A device including an electrode, the electrode having a surface; a molecule bound to the surface of the electrode through a binding group; an organic electronic material in electrical contact with the electrode, wherein the molecule comprises at least one fluorinated aryl group, wherein the electrode contains a transparent conductive metal oxide, a carbon nanotube, or graphene.

Abstract: Scale control agents comprising organic phosphonates, either alone or in mixtures with inorganic phosphonates and also optionally polymers, such as low molecular weight polymeric dispersants. The scale control agents may be applied to inhibit scale formation or deposition in highly acidic aqueous systems by adding these agents to such systems in amounts effective to inhibit metal sulfate scale formation.

Abstract: A superabsorbent having surfaces complexed with polyvalent metal ions and which contains at least one phosphonic acid derivative, and the molar ratio between polyvalent metal and phosphonic acid derivative is at most 1.2/n, where n is the number of phosphonic acid groups in the phosphonic acid derivative. The superabsorbent exhibits good stability against discoloration and a surprisingly low caking tendency without any significant impairment of its performance properties.

Abstract: The disclosure provides anionic Gemini surfactants comprising at least two carbonyl moieties and at least two aliphatic moieties. In some aspects, at least two of the aliphatic moieties comprise at least seven carbon atoms and at least one pair of conjugated carbon-to-carbon double bonds. The anionic Gemini surfactants are polymerizable and may be used to prepare triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase and polymers thereof that substantially retain triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are phosphinic acid compounds of formula I, II or III where R1 and R1? are for instance straight or branched C1-C50alkyl, R2 is for instance straight or branched C22-C50alkyl, R3 and R3? are for instance straight or branched C1-C50alkyl, R4 is for instance straight or branched C1-C50alkylene and m is from 2 to 100. Also disclosed are polyester compositions comprising the compounds of formula I, II and III.

Abstract: An absorption medium for removing acid gases from a fluid stream comprises an aqueous solution of a) of at least one metal salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and b) of at least one acid promoter, wherein the molar ratio of b) to a) is in the range from 0.0005 to 1.0. The acid promoter is selected from mineral acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, organic phosphonic acids and partial esters thereof. The absorption medium, compared with absorption media based on amino acid salts, has a reduced regeneration energy requirement without significantly reducing the absorption capacity of the solution for acid gases. In a process for removing acid gases from the fluid stream, the fluid stream is brought into contact with the absorption medium.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of calix[n]arene derivatives, in particular phosphonated calix[n]arenes. The present invention also relates to nano-structures of phosphonated calix[n]arenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a polymerizable phosphate containing at least one selected from polymerizable phosphates represented by formula (II), (III) or (IV) by a batch reaction, including a step of adding a compound represented by formula (I) into a mixture of a polymerizable phosphate reaction product containing at least one selected from polymerizable phosphates represented by formula (II), (III) or (IV), obtained by a pre-batch reaction, and phosphoric acid anhydride to react them: wherein R1 represents H or a C1-4 alkyl group, R2 represents a C2-6 alkylene group and n denotes an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethylene diphosphinic acids and salts thereof of general formula A-P(O)(OX)—CR1R2—CR3R4—P(O)(OX)-A, in which A, H and/or CR5R6—OH, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are the same or different, and denote independently from each other H, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 aryl and or C6-C20 aralkyl, and X denotes H, an alkali metal, an element of the second main and secondary group, an element of the third main and secondary group, an element of the fourth main and secondary group, an element of the fifth main and secondary group, an element of the sixth secondary group, an element of the seventh secondary group, an element of the eight secondary group and/or a nitrogen base. Also disclosed are a method for producing same and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amphiphile of the formula (I) as described hereinafter. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the amphiphile and to a composition comprising the amphiphile and a sparingly water-soluble active ingredient. It further relates to a process for producing the composition by contacting the amphiphile and the active ingredient, and to the use of the amphiphile for solubilizing a sparingly water-soluble active ingredient in aqueous solutions. The invention also relates to the use of the amphiphile in an agrochemical formulation comprising the amphiphile and a pesticide for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or unwanted vegetation and/or unwanted insect or mite infestation and/or for regulating the growth of plants, and finally to plant propagation material comprising the amphiphile.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ethylenebis(hydroxyalkylphosphinic acid) and salts thereof. The acid has the general formula: A-P(O)(OX)—CR1R2—CR3R4—P(O)(OX)-A. Variable A is CR5R6—OH. Variables R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are the same or different, and denote independently from each other H, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 aryl, or C6-C20 aralkyl, so long as at least one of R1 and R2 is H and at least one of R3 and R4 is H. Variable X denotes H, an alkali metal, an element of main or transition group 2, an element of main or transition group 3, an element of main or transition group 4, an element of main or transition group 5, an element of transition group 6, an element of transition group 7, an element of transition group 8 and/or a nitrogen base. Also disclosed are a method for producing same and the use thereof.

Abstract: Provided are an additive to an electrode for a fuel cell that is a proton conductive compound having at least one phosphate group, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, a method of manufacturing the electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using the electrode. The additive to an electrode for a fuel cell improves the durability of a fuel cell and reduces the amount of phosphoric acid discharged during operation of the fuel cell by fixing the phosphoric acid. Accordingly, a fuel cell having improved efficiency may be prepared using the additive because of improved proton conductivity and durability.

Abstract: A solid acid having a core of calixarene or calix resorcinarene. The solid acid is an ion conducting compound in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups is substituted by an organic group having a cation exchange group at a terminal end, a polymer electrolyte membrane including the same, and a fuel cell using the polymer electrolyte membrane. The polymer electrolyte membrane can provide low methanol crossover and high ionic conductivity. Accordingly, a fuel cell having high efficiency can be obtained by using the polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethylenedialkylphosphinic acids, ethylenedialkylphosphinic esters and ethylenedialkylphosphinic salts, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) in the presence of a catalyst A to give an alkylphosphonous acid, its salt or ester (II), b) the resultant alkylphosphonous acid, its salt or ester (II) is reacted with an acetylenic compound (V) in the presence of a catalyst B, to give the ethylenedialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III), where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are identical or different and independently of one another inter alia are H, C1-C18-alkyl, C6-C18-aryl, C6-C18-aralkyl, C6-C18-alkylaryl and X is H, C1-C18-alkyl, C6-C18-aryl, C6-C18-aralkyl, C6-C18-alkylaryl, Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base, and the catalyst A comprises transition metals and/or transition-metal compounds and/or catalyst systems which are composed of

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polymorphs of (2E)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpent-2-enyl-pyrophosphonate disodium (CHDMAPP-Na2), to the process for preparing them and to the pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: One embodiment is a method, comprising: depositing a molecule on an electrode, wherein the electrode has a surface and the molecule has a binding group (e.g., an anchoring group) that binds to the surface, thereby providing a work function that is stable for at least 100 hours under ambient conditions.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate precursor, which comprises: a support; an image-recording layer; and a protective layer, in this order, wherein at least one of the image-recording layer and the protective layer comprises a phosphonium salt having a specific structure, and a lithographic printing process, which comprises: exposing a lithographic printing plate precursor; supplying an oil-based ink and a fountain solution comprising a phosphonium salt having a specific structure to the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor on a printing machine to remove an unexposed area of an image-recording layer; and conducting printing.

Abstract: A PEPCK inhibitor can include identifying a molecule that has a size capable of fitting into and interacting with the PEPCK binding site and at least one of the following: (a) a first terminal substituent having co-planar atoms acting as metal ligands to the active site metal ion PEPCK; (b) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent includes a neutral carbon center or include an oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or other atom with similar physiochemical properties; (c) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent is devoid of an electropositive atom or substituents; or (d) a second terminal substituent opposite of the first terminal substituent, said second terminal substituent having an atom that is a hydrogen boding acceptor and/or is negatively charged.

Abstract: Salts of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines with phytic acid of general formula (I), and the process of preparing the same, wherein the mole ratio between the L-carnitine or its alkanoyl derivatives cation and phytic acid anion be within the range of 1:1 to 6:1, wherein: n=1-6; R1 is the phytate anion; R is either hydrogen, a straight alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms or a branched-chain alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: According to the invention, wood material is treated with a composition comprising at least one C1-C7 monocarboxylic acid or a salt, or mixtures thereof, and at least one chelating agent. These compounds are dissolved in a liquid aqueous vehicle. In this manner, the treated wood is endowed with excellent resistance against detrimental environmental effects.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases and disorders related to immune responses by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to methods of stimulating and reducing immune responses, treating autoimmune conditions, treating allergic reactions and asthma, and preventing ischemic damage and asthma by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: This invention features conjugates, degradable linkers, compositions, methods of synthesis, and applications thereof, including cholesterol derived conjugates of biologically active compounds, including antibodies, antivirals, chemotherapeutics, peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleosides, nucleotides, non-nucleosides, and nucleic acids including enzymatic nucleic acids, DNAzymes, allozymes, antisense, dsRNA, siNA, siRNA, triplex oligonucleotides, 2,5-A chimeras, decoys and aptamers.

Abstract: A composition represented by formula: (I) Rf is a monovalent or divalent perfluoropolyether group. Each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Each X is independently a divalent or trivalent group selected from the group consisting of alkylene, arylalkylene, and alkylarylene, wherein alkylene, arylalkylene, and alkylarylene are each optionally interrupted by at least one ether linkage. Each V is independently alkylene that is optionally interrupted by at least one ether linkage or amine linkage. Each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and a counter cation; y is 1 or 2; and z is 1 or 2. Methods of treating a surface using these compositions, formulations including these compositions, and articles with a surface in contact with these compositions are provided. Rf—{C(O)—N(R)—X—[OC(O)—V—P(O)—(OY)2]y}z.

Abstract: A method of separating at least one carbon nanotube having a desired diameter and/or chirality from a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different diameters and/or chiralities is provided. A calixarene of formula (I): wherein n?4; X is PO3H2, Ra—PO3H, SO3H, or Ra—SO3H; Y is Rb, OH, or ORb; and Ra and Rb are independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylene alkyl and optionally substituted alkylene aryl is combined with the mixture of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous solvent to produce an aqueous supernatant containing the carbon nanotube(s) having the desired diameter and/or chirality. The aqueous supernatant containing the carbon nanotube(s) is then separated from a residue comprising the remaining carbon nanotubes of the mixture.

Abstract: A myo-inositol derivative: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical, being selected from PO3H2, PO3Na2, PO3K2, PO3Li2, PO3Ca, PO3Mg, PO3(NH4)2, PO3(RNH3)2, PO3(R2NH2)2, PO3(R4N)2, PO(OR)2, H, COZ and BHPP, where R is benzyl or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Z is an alkyl or arylalky group providing a cleavable protecting group; R5 is one of H, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, COZ, PO3H2, PO3Na2, PO3K2, PO3Li2, PO3Ca, PO3Mg, PO3(NH4)2, PO3(RNH3)2, PO3(R2NH2)2, PO3(R4N)2, PO(OR)2, and BHPP, where R is benzyl or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Z is an alkyl or arylalky group providing a cleavable protecting group; X is one of CH2, CH2CH2O, and CH2CH2CH2O; n is an integer from 1 to 8; L1 is a single bond or CH2; L2 is one of a single bond, CONH, CH2CONH, CH2CH2CONH, CH2CH2NHCO, CH2CH2NHCONH, CH2CH2NHCSNH, CH2CH2NHSO2, CH2CH2CH2NHCO, CH2CH2CH2NHCONH, CH2CH2CH2NHCSNH, CH2CH2CH2NHSO2, NHCO, NHCONH, NHCSNH, OCONH, CH2, CH2CH2, CH2CH2O, CH2CH2S, CH2CH2NH, CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2O, CH2CH2CH2S, CH2CH2CH2NH, and NH—SO2; and R6 is a U

Abstract: The invention relates to ethylene diphosphinic acids and salts thereof of general formula A-P(O)(OX)—CR1R2—CR3R4—P(O)(OX)-A, in which A, H and/or CR5R6—OH,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6 are the same or different, and denote independently from each other H, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 aryl and or C6-C20 aralkyl, and X denotes H, an alkali metal, an element of the second main and secondary group, an element of the third main and secondary group, an element of the fourth main and secondary group, an element of the fifth main and secondary group, an element of the sixth secondary group, an element of the seventh secondary group, an element of the eight secondary group and/or a nitrogen base. Also disclosed are a method for producing same and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phosphated 2-propylheptanol or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate as a hydrotrope in aqueous alkaline solutions for a C8-C18-alcohol alkoxylate containing 1-20 ethyleneoxy units. It also relates to a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate per se, and an alkaline cleaning composition comprising a C8-C18-alcohol alkoxylate containing 1-20 ethyleneoxy units and phosphated 2-propylheptanol and/or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate as a hydrotrope. The cleaning compositions may be used for industrial cleaning of hard surfaces, for example for vehicle cleaning or machine dishwashing.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for producing phosphonic compounds and compounds thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for producing phosphonic compounds and compounds thereof.

Abstract: A myo-inositol derivative: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical, being selected from PO3H2, PO3Na2, PO3K2, PO3Li2, PO3Ca, PO3Mg, PO3(NH4)2, PO3(RNH3)2, PO3(R2NH2)2, PO3(R4N)2, PO(OR)2, H, COZ and BHPP, where R is benzyl or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Z is an alkyl or arylalky group providing a cleavable protecting group; R5 is one of H, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, COZ, PO3H2, PO3Na2, PO3K2, PO3Li2, PO3Ca, PO3Mg, PO3(NH4)2, PO3(RNH3)2, PO3(R2NH2)2, PO3(R4N)2, PO(OR)2, and BHPP, where R is benzyl or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Z is an alkyl or arylalky group providing a cleavable protecting group; X is one of CH2, CH2CH2O, and CH2CH2CH2O; n is an integer from 1 to 8; L1 is a single bond or CH2; L2 is one of a single bond, CONH, CH2CONH, CH2CH2CONH, CH2CH2NHCO, CH2CH2NHCONH, CH2CH2NHCSNH, CH2CH2NHSO2, CH2CH2CH2NHCO, CH2CH2CH2NHCONH, CH2CH2CH2NHCSNH, CH2CH2CH2NHSO2, NHCO, NHCONH, NHCSNH, OCONH, CH2, CH2CH2, CH2CH2O, CH2CH2S, CH2CH2NH, CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2O, CH2CH2CH2S, CH2CH2CH2NH, and NH—SO2; and R6 is a U

Abstract: Provided are an additive to an electrode for a fuel cell that is a proton conductive compound having at least one phosphate group, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, a method of manufacturing the electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using the electrode. The additive to an electrode for a fuel cell improves the durability of a fuel cell and reduces the amount of phosphoric acid discharged during operation of the fuel cell by fixing the phosphoric acid. Accordingly, a fuel cell having improved efficiency may be prepared using the additive because of improved proton conductivity and durability.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric phosphinic acids and their salts of the formula (I) where X is hydrogen or 1/m of a metal of valency m, or is a protonated nitrogen base, R1 and R2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a carboxy group, a carboxylic acid derivative, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, or alkyl-substituted aromatic systems, R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or are OX, with the above meaning for X, and ? is the average number of monomer units. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the abovementioned compounds, and to their use.

Abstract: A salt of substituted or unsubstituted methylene bisphosphonic acid of formula I wherein X1 and X2 are both chlorine or one of X1 and X2 is hydrogen and one is chlorine and the salt is selected from the group consisting of a C1-16 straight or branched primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl amine salt, an aralkyl amine salt, and a basic N-containing heterocycle salt. The salts are used for preparing pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric phosphinic acids and their salts of the formula (I) where X is hydrogen or 1/m of a metal of valency m, or is a protonated nitrogen base, R1 and R2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a carboxy group, a carboxylic acid derivative, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, or alkyl-substituted aromatic systems, R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or are OX, with the above meaning for X, and ? is the average number of monomer units. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the above-mentioned compounds, and to their use.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or (II), wherein R1 is C1–C18alkyl; C5–C12cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups; C5–C22aryl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups; or C7–C30aralkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups, and the radicals R2 to R13 are each independently of the others hydrogen; —NO2; dialkylamino; alkylthio; alkylsulfonyl; halogen; C1–C18alkyl; C1–C18alkoxy; C1–C18alkoxyalkyl; C5–C12cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups; C5–C22aryl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups; or C7–C30aralkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1–C6alkyl groups or C1–C6alkoxy groups, are suitable as flame-proofing agents for thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers

Abstract: A facile synthesis of symmetric esters of C1-C10 alkylenebisphopsphonic acids is disclosed in which a C1-C10 alkylenebis(phosphonic dichloride) is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1H-tetrazole and a base in an aprotic solvent to form a first reaction mixture. The first reaction mixture is maintained for a time period sufficient to form a C1-C10 alkylenebis(chloro ester phosphonate) that is reacted under basic conditions with an excess of a hydroxylated compound to form a second reaction mixture that is itself maintained for a time period sufficient to form a C1-C10 alkylenebis(ester phosphonate) partial ester, homoleptic tetraester or mixed tetraester. The material so formed can be recovered or used as is.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein each of R and R′ are independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group, provided that R and R′, together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms, R″ may either be hydrogen or a CHR═CR1 group or be selected from the same categories as R′″; R′″ is a group, or polymeric chain comprising from 1 to 100,000 groups, said group or groups being derived form at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound wherein the double bond is activated by an adjacent electron withdrawing group, and n is greater than 1 are novel, are useful corrosion inhibitors and are valuable intermediates in preparing telomers for use in water treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phosphane ligands of formula (Ia) and (Ib): (adamantyl)nP(alkyl)m(1a); (adamantyl)o(Alkyl)qP (alkylen′)P(adamantyl)r(alkyl)s (1b), wherein adamantyl represents an adamantyl radical (IIa, IIb) bonded to the phosphorous atom in position 1 or 2. The invention also relates to the production and use of the above-mentioned ligands in the presence of transitional metal compounds of the 8th. Subgroup of PSE for catalytic reactions, particularly for the refining of halogen aromatics for producing aryl olefins, dienes, diarylene, benzoic acid and acrylic acid derivatives, aryl alkanes and also amines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfide and disulfide compounds, compositions comprising sulfide and disulfide compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to trans carotenoid salt compounds, methods for making them, methods for solubilizing them and uses thereof. These compounds are useful in improving diffusivity of oxygen between red blood cells and body tissues in mammals including humans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the syntheses and structural elucidation of Combretastatin A1-Phosphate Prodrugs and Combretastatin B1-Phosphate Prodrugs and the utilization of those prodrugs in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. The prodrugs described herein have the structure: Combretastin A-1 Phosphate Prodrug (I) and Combretastin B-1 Phosphate Prodrug (II).

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methyl phophonous acid. The invention further relates to the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by this process for preparing flame retardants or preparing other phosphorus-containing products.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein the groups are as defined in the description are disclosed. The compounds of formula (I) are endowed with reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and are useful in the preparation of medicaments useful in the pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine polymitoyl-transferase, such as hyperglycemia, diabetes and pathologies related thereto, heart failure, ischemia.