Abstract: The present invention provides for novel compounds of Formulas I and II and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and co-crystals thereof which have glucokinase activator activity. The present invention further provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same as well as methods of treating, preventing, delaying the time to onset or reducing the risk for the development or progression of a disease or condition for which one or more glucokinase activator is indicated, including Type 1 and 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The present invention also provides for processes of making the compounds of Formulas I and II, including salts and co-crystals thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives of (1-cyanocyclopropyl)phenylphosphinic acid of the formula (I) and to salts thereof, of the formula (II), for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, preferably to drought stress, especially for enhancing plant growth and/or for increasing plant yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid anhydrides by reaction of a bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid with phosphorus pentoxide, to novel bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid anhydrides and to uses of bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid anhydrides.

Abstract: Disclosed is an emulsifier comprising, as an active ingredient, a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid salt represented by the general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cP(O)(OM1)(OM2), wherein M? is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium base, or an organic amine base, M2 is an alkali metal, an ammonium base, or an organic amine base, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 1 to 3. An aqueous solution or organic solvent solution of the emulsifier can be effectively used to emulsify a perfluoropolyether oil or a perfluorocarbon compound. The resulting emulsion exhibits excellent emulsification stability, and thus can be effectively used as a mold-releasing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds with (perfluoroalkyl)fluorohydrogenphosphate anion, and to compounds containing (perfluoroalkyl)fluorohydrogenphosphate anion and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Stabilized benzyl phosphonic acid and naphthyl phosphonic acid analog compounds are effective in inhibiting the activity of autotaxin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid represented by the general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cP(O)(OH)2, wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 1 to 3, or a salt thereof, which is a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms, which is said to have low bioaccumulation potential, and being usable as an active ingredient of a mold-releasing agent. The polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid is produced by hydrolyzing a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid diester represented by the general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cP (O)(OR)2, wherein R is a C1-C4 alkyl group, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: An emulsion polymerization process for the production of fluoroelastomers is disclosed wherein at least one fluorosurfactant is employed as dispersant, said fluorosurfactant being a fluoroalkylphosphoric acid ester of the formula X—Rf-(CH2)n—O—P(O)(OM)2, wherein n=1 or 2, X=H or F, M=a univalent cation, and Rf is a C4-C6 fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy group. Optionally, a second dispersing agent may be employed in the polymerization, said second agent being a perfluoropolyether having at least one endgroup selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, phosphoric acid and a salt thereof.

Abstract: An emulsion polymerization process for the production of non-elastomeric fluoropolymers is disclosed wherein at least one fluorosurfactant is employed as dispersant, said fluorosurfactant being a fluoroalkylphosphoric acid ester of the formula X-Rf-(CH2)n—O—P(O)(OM)2, wherein n is 1 or 2, X?H or F, M=a univalent cation, and Rf is a C4-C6 fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy group. Optionally, a second dispersing agent may be employed in the polymerization, said second agent being a perfluoropolyether having at least one endgroup selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, phosphoric acid and a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bis(fluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid and/or fluoroalkylphosphonic acid by reaction of, monofluoroalkyltetrafluorophosphorane bis(fluoroalkyl)trifluorophosphorane or tris(fluoroalkyl)difluorophosphorane with water.

Abstract: One embodiment is a method, comprising: depositing a molecule on an electrode, wherein the electrode has a surface and the molecule has a binding group (e.g., an anchoring group) that binds to the surface, thereby providing a work function that is stable for at least 100 hours under ambient conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adhesive compositions having: a phosphate group-containing monomer (a) having a fluorocarbon group represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent (b), where R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n, p and q are natural numbers 2?n?10, p+q?n and p+q+n?13.

Abstract: Novel FBPase inhibitors of the formula I are useful in the treatment of diabetes and other conditions associated with elevated blood glucose.

Abstract: Novel compounds comprising a C—C double bond substituted at one carbon with two oxygen or sulfur atom-containing groups are disclosed. The compounds are useful in methods and compositions for generating chemiluminescence by reaction with a peroxidase enzyme and a peroxide. The chemiluminescence thus produced can be used as a detectable signal in assays for peroxidase enzymes and in assays employing enzyme-labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: Functional trifluorovinyl monomers and their copolymerization with fluoroolefins Functional trifluorovinyl monomers, process for the copolymerization of trifluorovinyl monomers with fluoroolefins and use of these trifluorovinyl monomers in forming fluoroelastomers.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), methods of making and method of using (including optical compositions and devices) are provided.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), methods of making and method of using (including optical compositions and devices) are provided.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel class of compounds represented by formula I which are inhibitors of the PTP-1B enzyme. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating or preventing PTP-1B mediated diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and diabetes-related conditions.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel class of compounds represented by formula I, which are inhibitors of the PTP-1B enzyme. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating or preventing PTP-1B mediated diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and conditions related to diabetes.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel class of compounds represented by formula I, which are inhibitors of the PTP-1B enzyme. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating or preventing PTP-1B mediated diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and diabetes-related diseases.

Abstract: Diphosphonates or their salts between acids and linear, branch substituted and non-substituted, cyclic, heterocyclic and aromatic amino alcohols are used to treat osteoporosis. Pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic methods of treating osteoporosis are described.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising at least one nickel(O) complex which comprises at least one mono-, bi- or multidentate phosphonite ligand of the formula I or salts and mixtures thereof, is prepared as described, and the catalysts are used to prepare mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles with nonconjugated C═C and C≡N bonds by catalytic hydrocyanation of butadiene or of a 1,3-butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of a catalyst of this type.

Abstract: Opticallly active adsorbents based on network polymerized derivative of dicarboxylic acids, diamines or diols which are chemically bonded to a carrier. The derivatives can be polymerized by radical polymerization or through hydrosilylation in the presence of a solid carrier. The optically active adsorbents are usable for chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures of enantiomers.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions which generate chemiluminescence are provided. The compositions comprise a heterocyclic enol phosphate compound and a dihydroxyaromatic compound in which the two hydroxy groups are separated by an even number of ring carbon atoms. Novel methods and compositions for generating chemiluminescence by reaction with a hydrolytic enzyme are provided as well. The compositions comprise a heterocyclic enol phosphate compound and a protected dihydroxyaromatic compound in which one of the hydroxy groups of the dihydroxyaromatic compound is protected with an enzyme-cleavable group. The novel chemiluminescent compositions are useful in methods for producing chemiluminescence for use in assays of hydrolytic enzymes and enzyme inhibitors and in assays employing labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: Hydroformylation of alkenes to aldehydes in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst is improved by the addition of a novel bidentate ligand of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.1.sup.' are organic radicals selected from alicyclic, aliphatic and aromatic groups of which at least one is preferably substituted with at least one electronegative moiety and the methylene groups are present at the trans-2,3 positions on the norbornane moiety. The invention also provides a novel method for producing the bidentate ligand and novel intermediate phosphine oxide and phosphinous acid compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vinyl phosphonic derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and may stand for hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl, or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl radical optionally substituted by Cl or Br, and in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may alternatively be joined together to form an alicyclic ring having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the ring, wherein an ethane phosphonic ester of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meanings stated above for R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 except for hydrogen and X denotes a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or a radical of the formula--OR.sup.5,in which R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom or a radical of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.6 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical or an alicyclic ring, is converted in the gas phase in the presence of a solid catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds which are inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis (by inhibiting de novo squalene biosynthesis), and thus are useful as hypocholesterolemic agents and antiatherosclerotic agents, are provided which have the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is a metal ion, lower alkyl or H; R.sup.3 is a metal ion or lower alkyl;R is R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O-- or R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --OCH.sub.2 --, wherein n is 1 to 4 and m is 0 to 3, andR.sup.1 is R.sup.5 --Q.sup.1 --Q.sup.2 --Q.sup.3 -- wherein R.sup.5, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are as defined herein.New intermediates, new methods of preparation and a method for using such compounds to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis are also provided.