Abstract: An improved oxidative process that employ a robust, non-aqueous, and oil-soluble organic peroxide oxidant for effective desulfurization and denitrogenation of hydrocarbons including petroleum fuels, hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (VGO), non-hydrotreated VGO, petroleum crude oil, synthetic crude oil from oil sand, and residual oil. Even at low concentrations and without the assistance of catalysts, the non-aqueous organic peroxide oxidant is extremely active and fast in oxidizing the sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstocks. Furthermore, the process generates a valuable organic acid by-product that is also used internally as the extractive solvent for effective removal of the oxidized sulfur and nitrogen from the hydrocarbons without the need of a final adsorption step. Novel process steps are also disclosed to substantially prevent yield loss in the oxidative process.

Abstract: Process for esterification of farnesol in an initial mixture comprising alpha-bisabolol, farnesol and optionally other components, with the following steps: 1. Preparation or production of the initial mixture, 2.

Abstract: A robust, non-aqueous, and oil-soluble organic peroxide oxidant is employed for oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks including petroleum fuels. Even at low concentrations, the non-aqueous organic peroxide oxidant is extremely active and fast in oxidizing the sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstocks without catalyst. Consequently, the oxidation reactions that employ the non-aqueous organic peroxide oxidant take place at substantially lower temperatures and shorter residence times than reactions in other oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation processes. As a result, a higher percentage of the valuable non-sulfur and non-nitrogen containing components in the hydrocarbon feedstock are more likely preserved with the inventive process. Desulfurization and denitrogenation occur in a single phase non-aqueous environment so that no phase transfer of the oxidant is required.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of (+)-2-amino-bicyclo?3.1.0!-hexane-2-6-dicarboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises hydrolysing (-)-2-spiro-5'-hydantoinbicyclo?3.1.0!hexane-6-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and optionally forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Also disclosed are intermediates useful in the process.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic peroxycarboxylic acid comprising reacting an aromatic aldehyde and oxygen in the presence of at least one oxide of a transition metal selected from chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper in a solvent is provided. According to this invention, aromatic peroxycarboxylic acids can safely and easily be obtained in high yield without causing decomposition of the products.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new substituted sulfonamides, and the physiologically acceptable salts possibly in the form of complexes, esters and amides thereof, represented by the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing aryl formate and aromatic carboxylic acid from aldehyde, which comprises oxidizing an aromatic aldehyde with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a volatile solvent up to a reaction ratio of 40 to 70 mol % to convert the aromatic aldehyde to a peracid, adding a stabilizer, and allowing the remaining aromatic aldehyde and the aromatic peracid to react while the volatile solvent is distilled off.