Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; an alkanesulfonic acid; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to stable percarboxylic acid compositions comprising, inter alia, at least two stabilizing agents, and various uses for water treatments, including water treatments in connection with oil- and gas-field operations. The present invention also relates to slick water compositions and gel based compositions that comprise stable percarboxylic acid compositions and the use thereof in oil- and gas-field operations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site, continuous generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to percarboxylic acid compositions formed in situ in non-equilibrium reactions. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions are formed using ester based starting materials. Methods for using the percarboxylic acid compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for generating percarboxylic acid compositions and/or peroxycarboxylic acid compositions formed external to a point of use in non-equilibrium reactions for use in certain bleaching and antimicrobial applications, in particular laundry applications. The compositions are generated external to a point of use, at alkaline pH levels, viz. greater than about pH 12, and optionally suitable for use with detergents and/or surfactants for synergistic bleaching efficacy. Methods of bleaching and/or disinfecting are further provided.

Abstract: Provided are a bi-functional compound that is positively charged at a first pH and negatively charged at a second pH, a solid support having the bi-functional compound immobilized thereon, and a method of isolating a nucleic acid, including: binding the bi-functional compound with a nucleic acid at a first pH and isolating the nucleic acid from the bi-functional compound at a second pH.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site, continuous generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A method for the rapid dilution of an aqueous peracid solution, particularly, peracetic acid, in which a concentrated peracid solution is diluted with an aqueous diluent to produce a more dilute peracid solution in which the solution components are already at equilibrium immediately after dilution. The peracid in a preferred embodiment of this method is peracetic acid, for which the aqueous diluent is acetic acid and water, or hydrogen peroxide and water, or acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and water, whose relative amounts are selected to produce a diluted aqueous peracid acid solution whose peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid components are in equilibrium immediately after dilution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in which a percarboxylic acid product is prepared and used. Conventional methods include refrigerated transport and double storage of the percarboxylic acid product before the consumption thereof at its site of use. These expensive stages have now been eliminated carrying out the preparation in connection with the use.

Abstract: The present invention provides ?-keto peracids and methods for producing and using the same. In particular, ?-keto peracids are useful as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for the rapid production and stabilization of dilute aqueous peracetic acid in which acetic anhydride and hydrogen peroxide are reacted in an aqueous medium with a stoichiometric excess of hydrogen peroxide and the aqueous medium containing the peracetic acid reaction product is adjusted, as necessary, to a pH of less than about 8 to provide a stabilized dilute peracetic acid solution. The dilute peracetic acid may be produced on site or in situ for treatment of an aqueous medium requiring disinfecting, biocidal, antimicrobial or bleaching treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for oxidizing a primary amidoalcohol to the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid in high yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for oxidizing a primary amidoalcohol to the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid in high yield.

Abstract: A highly advantageous process for the preparation of 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof is described. The process comprises subjecting 1-acetyl 3-hydroxyadamantane to liquid phase oxidation with permanganate to produce 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof, with acidification to form the free acid when appropriate.

Abstract: Peracetic acid in aqueous liquid solution or vapor phase is prepared on-site and on-demand in a continuous process. Peracetic acid can be produced at a controlled rate to meet the demands of a downstream operation. In one embodiment, a pipe-line reactor and distillation column is used for the production of peracetic acid. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a continuous pot reactor and distillation column for producing peracetic acid. The present invention has the potential of providing a much safer source of aqueous peracetic acid than currently available processes, due in part to the limited inventories of reactants in the reactor, particularly those in the vapor phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which A1, A2, R2 and R3 have the meanings indicated in the claims, which are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds for the therapy and prophylaxis of diseases, for example of cardiovascular disorders such as high blood pressure, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency, thromboses or atherosclerosis. The compounds of the formula I have the ability to modulate the endogenous production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and are generally suitable for the therapy and prophylaxis of disease states which are associated with a disturbed cGMP balance. The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula I for the therapy and prophylaxis of the designated disease states and for the production of pharmaceuticals therefor, novel compounds of the formula I, pharmaceutical preparations comprising them and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of a mixture of substances or of a reaction mixture that has been formed by reaction of components contained therein. The component streams withdrawn from a storage container (1, 2 or 3) or a distribution network (12) are each conveyed via a controlled system (22, 23, 24, 25) which in each instance comprises a flow-measuring device (8, 9, 10, 11) and a regulating element (34, 35, 36, 37). The flow-rates of the individual components are regulated in quantitatively proportional manner with reference to the flow-rate of a first component. The resulting regulated flow-rates are introduced into a receiving container, either directly or after individual flow-rates have been completely or partially conducted together. The process and the device are especially suitable for the on-site production of mixtures of substances that cannot be transported or that can only be transported in elaborate manner, such as relatively highly concentrated solutions of peroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The reaction medium and distillate of a conventional continuous peracetic acid process can be combined into a stable peracetic acid product if the acid catalyst present in the reaction medium is neutralized.

Abstract: The conventional process for the production of a peracetic acid product, wherein hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and water are fed into an aqueous reaction medium containing hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, peracetic acid and an acid catalyst, wherein hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid react in the presence of the acid catalyst and form peracetic acid, and an aqueous peracetic acid concentrate is removed continuously from the reaction medium by distillation, has now been improved by feeding the acid catalyst continuously into the reaction medium and by withdrawing continuously a portion of the reaction medium as a bottom product. When the through flow of the reaction medium is thus increased, it is purified of impurities threatening the safety of the process. If the amount of acid catalyst in the reaction medium is further decreased, a product suitable, for example, for disinfection is obtained from the bottom product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which A1, A2, R2 and R3 have the meanings indicated in the claims, which are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds for the therapy and prophylaxis of diseases, for example of cardiovascular disorders such as high blood pressure, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency, thromboses or atherosclerosis. The compounds of the formula I have the ability to modulate the endogenous production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and are generally suitable for the therapy and prophylaxis of disease states which are associated with a disturbed cGMP balance. The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula I for the therapy and prophylaxis of the designated disease states and for the production of pharmaceuticals therefor, novel compounds of the formula I, pharmaceutical preparations comprising them and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The reaction medium and distillate of a conventional continuous peracetic acid process can be combined into a stable peracetic acid product if the acid catalyst present in the reaction medium is neutralized.

Abstract: The conventional process for the production of a peracetic acid product, wherein hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and water are fed into an aqueous reaction medium containing hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, peracetic acid and an acid catalyst, wherein hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid react in the presence of the acid catalyst and form peracetic acid, and an aqueous peracetic acid concentrate is removed continuously from the reaction medium by distillation, has now been improved by feeding the acid catalyst continuously into the reaction medium and by withdrawing continuously a portion of the reaction medium as a bottom product. When the through flow of the reaction medium is thus increased, it is purified of impurities threatening the safety of the process. If the amount of acid catalyst in the reaction medium is further decreased, a product suitable, for example, for disinfection is obtained from the bottom product.

Abstract: Process for the production of an aqueous monoester peroxycarboxylic acid solution by reaction of a peroxygen compound with at least one dicarboxylic acid and with at least one alcohol optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst. Aqueous monoester peroxycarboxylic acid solution obtainable by this process. Use of the aqueous monoester peroxycarboxylic acid solution as disinfectant.

Abstract: The method for the preparation of aqueous solutions containing performic acid formed by reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide n the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst being a compound containing at least one ester group and/or group (a) differing from a carboxylic acid group and an alcoholic group, preferably a carboxylic acid ester, and aqueous solutions containing performic acid, formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and a compound containing at least one ester group and/or group (a) differing from a carboxylic acid group, and the use of such solutions.

Abstract: Dilute, aqueous solutions of lower organic peracids are rapidly prepared by reacting the anhydride of the organic acid corresponding to the peracid with concentrated hydrogen peroxide to form an aqueous peracid mixture. Before equilibrium is attained, the mixture is diluted with water and hydrogen peroxide to produce an equilibrium mixture of organic acid, peracid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. The process can be carried out in 60 minutes or less and can be run either as a batch or as a continuous process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing peracetic acid by reacting hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in a water-based reaction medium in a reactor and continuously distilling off the produced peracetic acid. Thermal energy in an in an amount exceeding about 0.2 kW/kg reaction medium.

Abstract: A method for controlling the reactivity of an ozonized reaction mixture formed by ozonizing an unsaturated compound, wherein the reactivity of the ozonized reaction mixture is controlled by introducing a reactivity controlling amount of a saturated fatty acid into the reaction mixture before contact with the ozone.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of amidoperoxycarboxylic acids, comprising the process steps: ring opening of the N-acyllactam to give the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid and, subsequently, oxidation of the resulting amidocarboxylic acid to the corresponding amidoperoxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for treating a substrate, e.g., lignocellulosic pulp or cellulosic pulps with a mixed peracid solution comprising percarboxylic acid and Caro's acid which results in a higher conversion rate of the active oxygen in the hydrogen peroxide in order to provide an inexpensive and effective delignification and/or bleaching solution and the process for making the mixed peracid solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new substituted sulfonamides, and the physiologically acceptable salts possibly in the form of complexes, esters and amides thereof, represented by the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: A dilute solution of a lower aliphatic peracid such as peracetic acid, having an equilibrium composition, is produced by contacting hydrogen peroxide with a lower aliphatic acid each at initial high concentrations in an aqueous reaction mixture to rapidly form a reaction mixture containing, for example, up to 30% by weight of peracid and diluting the reaction mixture with water and with any required quantities of lower aliphatic acid and/or hydrogen peroxide to reproduce the equilibrium composition of the dilute solution, the process being characterized in that the reaction mixture rich in lower aliphatic peracid is diluted before it has itself reached equilibrium, for example when it contains from 20 to 80% of its potential equilibrated content of peracid. The process provides a quick plant-efficient process for the production of stable dilute lower aliphatic peracid solutions for industrial disinfection purposes or for personal or domestic hygiene use.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ureidoperoxycarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which x is the number 1 or 2,A,if x is 1,is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, aryl, preferably phenyl, or haloaryl, preferably chlorophenyl, orif x is 2,is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkylene or arylene, preferably phenylene,B is a group of the formula ##STR2## in which n is a number from 1 to 20,m is the number 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl andR.sup.2 is in each case hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: In one class of processes for making poorly soluble organic peroxyacids the corresponding carboxylic acid is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in a reaction medium containing a high concentration of sulphuric acid. The presence of such constituents in the reaction mixture and the manner of the reactants and the way in which they are brought into contact, can result in the processes being hazardous. In the present invention, hazard problems are reduced or eliminated by first dissolving the carboxylic acid in concentrated sulphuric acid, secondly forming a Caro's acid solution containing a complementary amount of sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide within a predetermined range, and then introducing the carboxylic acid solution at a controlled rate in the Caro's acid solution, often over a period of from about 30 to 90 minutes, with agitation and temperature control.

Abstract: A process for preparing perpropionic acid solution comprising reacting propionic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a boric acid catalyst wherein the reaction is carried out by using an ethyl propionate as a reaction solvent, and water in the reaction solution is removed continuously by azeotropic distillation with the reaction solvent. Since the reaction is carried out while the concentration of the peroxide in an aqueous phase separated from the distillate by the azeotropic distillation is maintained at not more than 0.1% by weight, a perpropionic acid solution containing almost no unreacted hydrogen peroxide can be prepared.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where y is 1 or 2,A is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, aryl or a group of the formula ##STR2## if y is 1, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkylene or arylene if y is 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be identical or different and each is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkoxyaryl or alkylaryl, or else R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene radical,x is 0 or 1,B is a group of the formula ##STR3## n is from 1 to 20, m is 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl andR.sup.4 is in each case hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl.These compounds are suitable for use as bleaching, oxidizing or disinfecting agents.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are described for the production of peroxyacids from concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide and an oxyacid. The total amount of concentrated hydrogen peroxide is divided into at least two portions which are added separately in series to the concentrated oxyacid.

Abstract: We have found a new and useful process to generate peroxy acid sanitizing and bleaching compositions at the point-of-use, the process comprising introducing hydrogen peroxide and a carboxylic acid into a reactor at about 0.1 to 10 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of acid, and contacting the hydrogen peroxide and carboxylic acid in the presence of a sulfonic acid resin and in the substantial abssence of active metal ions which forms an aqueous peroxy acid composition at a concentration from about up to 20 wt %. Using this process, warewashing, laundry sanitizing and bleach, and hard surface sanitizing compositions can be produced.

Abstract: Epoxides are prepared by reaction of compounds containing olefinic unsaturation, for example .alpha.-olefins, terpenes and steroids, with an aliphatic diperoxydicarboxylic acid. The diperoxydicarboxylic acid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms and suitably at least 6 carbon atoms. The process gives a good epoxidation process and does not give rise to byproduct formation.