Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out reactions with participation of carbocations, whereby the initial most strongly exothermic phase of the reaction is carried out at high temperature (60 to 120° C.) and short residence time (1 to 30 seconds) in a microreactor and the subsequent less exothermic phases are carried out at optionally lower temperatures in two or more residence time units with longer residence times (1 to 30 seconds).

Abstract: Novel ether-amide compounds having the formula RaRbC(OR1)—CHRc—CONR2R3 and processes for the preparation and use thereof, especially as solvents, for example in phytosanitary formulations.

Abstract: Ether-amide compounds having the formula RaRbC(OR1)—CHRc—CONR2R3 are described. Also described, are processes for the preparation and use thereof, especially as solvents, for example in phytosanitary formulations.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing an aqueous acrylamide solution by producing acrylamide by reacting a composition including acrylonitrile with water, in which the composition including acrylonitrile includes 20 to 80 mg of methacrylonitrile per 1 kg of the total weight of the composition including acrylonitrile. According to the present invention, a production method allowing stable obtainment of an aqueous acrylamide solution can be provided as polymerization of the acrylamide can be suppressed without causing a decreas+455e in quality.

Abstract: Improved process for working up diacetone acrylamide solutions, obtained by reaction of acetone or diacetone alcohol with acrylonitrile and sulfuric acid and subsequent dilution and neutralization, in which a) the organic phase obtained subsequent to the neutralization, which comprises the crude diacetone acrylamide, is hydrolyzed by addition of an aqueous alkaline solution in order to remove acrylamide, then b) after phase separation has been carried out, the organic phase, which comprises the crude diacetone acrylamide, is neutralized by addition of an acid, and c) in succession, low-boiling-point byproducts are removed by distillation in the presence of one or more polymerization inhibitors, then t-butylacrylamide is removed by distillation and, finally, the diacetone acrylamide is isolated by product distillation, and d) the diacetone acrylamide thus obtained is converted into its final form.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel process for the preparation of renin inhibitor Aliskiren or its derivatives, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The present invention also provides novel intermediates used in the preparation of Aliskiren.

Abstract: Novel ether-amide compounds having the formula RaRbC(OR1)—CHRc—CONR2R3 and processes for the preparation and use thereof, especially as solvents, for example in phytosanitary formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out reactions with participation of carbocations, whereby the initial most strongly exothermic phase of the reaction is carried out at high temperature (60 to 120° C.) and short residence time (1 to 30 seconds) in a microreactor and the subsequent less exothermic phases are carried out at optionally lower temperatures in two or more residence time units with longer residence times (1 to 30 seconds).

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonionic compounds of the polyoxymethylene type that are low-foaming and can be used as surfactants, especially in cleaning compositions at an alkaline pH. They are obtained from unsaturated nitriles, that have been epoxidized with e.g. hydrogen perroxide, and alkyl blocked polyalkylene glycols. The nonionic nitrile surfactants can be reacted further with e.g. hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions to obtain nonionic amide surfactants. Amide derivatives of this type could also be obtained by reaction between ammonia or a primary or secondary amine and an acid or ester. The nonionic compounds exhibit one or several structure elements according to formula (II) in the aliphatic carbon chain where AO is an alkyleneoxy group containing 2-4 carbon atom, R3 is an alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms and n is a number between 1 and 30.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl-substituted amides can be prepared in a catalyzed Ritter reaction by contacting a nitrile with a hydrocarbylating agent, in the presence of an acidified clay as the catalyst, under conditions conducive to the formation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted amide.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl-substituted amides are prepared by a process comprising contacting a nitrile with a hydrocarbylating agent, such as an alkylating agent, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a heteropolyacid or salt thereof.

Abstract: A process which comprises contacting and catalytically reacting under essentially anhydrous conditions in the liquid phase an amide with a nitrile according to the equation:RCONH.sub.2 +R.sup.1 CN.revreaction.RCN+R.sup.1 CONH.sub.2where R and R.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which comprises the reaction in a reaction zone of a nitrile, RCN, with a hydroxyl compound, R'OH, in the presence of a Lewis base as catalyst introduced into the reaction zone, thereby producing a reaction mixture containing at least one amide selected from R--CONHR' and R--CON(R').sub.2, whereineach of R and R' contains no acetylenic unsaturation and 1 to 30 carbon atoms,each of R and R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbyl group and a hydrocarbyl group that is substituted with a group selected from cyano, carbamoyl, hydrocarbylcarbamoyl, dihydrocarbylcarbamoyl, and hydroxyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which comprises the reaction in a reaction zone of a nitrile, RCN, with a hydroxyl compound, R'OH, in the presence of an inorganic catalyst introduced into the reaction zone, thereby producing a reaction mixture containing at least one amide selected from R--CONHR' and R--CON(R').sub.2, whereineach of R and R' contains no acetylenic unsaturation and 1 to 30 carbon atoms,each of R and R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbyl group and a hydrocarbyl group that is substituted with a group selected from cyano, carbamoyl, hydrocarbylcarbamoyl, dihydrocarbylcarbamoyl, and hydroxyl,wherein said inorganic catalyst is selected from phosphates and sulfates of Be, Ng, Al and B, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Acrylic acid or other unsaturated carboxylic acid is made by hydrolysing the corresponding nitrile in the presence of excess sulphuric acid to form amide sulphate, adding amide in an amount such that the total amount of amide and nitrile fed to the process is greater than 1 mole per mole sulphuric acid, hydrolysing the amide sulphate and amide to the desired acid and separating the acid from the sulphate by-products.

Abstract: The process involves the cofeeding of an acrylonitrile with an appropriate alcohol or its equivalent and a strong acid to form an acrylamide which is thiolated to form a mercapto-propionamide which is halogenated to afford the desired biocidally active isothiazolones. This invention relates to a novel process for preparing N-substituted 3-mercaptopropionamides, an intermediate in the preparation of isothiazolones.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby acrylonitrile and diacetone alcohol are reacted in at least 93% sulfuric acid to form a novel intermediate reaction product which is recovered as a crystalline solid, washed with an organic solvent to remove colored oily impurities along with sulfuric acid, and hydrolyzed to produce diacetone acrylamide, a reactive monomer useful for preparing polymeric components of photographic films and adhesives. The intermediate reaction product is identified as 5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-1,3(4H)-oxazine sulfate (1:1).

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the amidation of carboxylic acids. For the process a carboxylic acid is reacted with ammonia gas at an elevated temperature and at atmospheric pressure or above in the presence of an alkyltin catalyst, preferably an alkyltin compound containing both hydroxyl and halo groups. High conversions are achieved with the process and the resulting products have low nitrile contents.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically hydrolyzing a nitrile to a corresponding amide which employs a reduced copper and another reduced metal catalyst. This catalyst is prepared by precipitating from an aqueous solution comprised of a mixture of a copper salt and a heavy metal salt a mixture of copper hydroxide and heavy metal hydroxide, oxidizing, heating, washing, separating and reducing under controlled conditions.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of N-alkyl-substituted carboxylic acid amides by reaction of a component which forms a carbonium ion with a nitrile, the improvement residing in carrying out the process in the presence of an acid which is inert under distillation conditions and separating the reaction mixture by distillation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby acrylonitrile and diacetone alcohol are reacted in at least 93% sulfuric acid to form a novel intermediate reaction product which is recovered as a crystalline solid, washed with an organic solvent to remove colored oily impurities along with sulfuric acid, and hydrolyzed to produce diacetone acrylamide, a reactive monomer useful for preparing polymeric components of photographic films and adhesives. The intermediate reaction product is identified as 5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-1,3(4H)-oxazine sulfate (1:1).