Abstract: Ligands for transition metals are disclosed herein, which may be used in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The disclosed methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel benzamide derivatives that are found to be potent modulators of potassium channels and, as such, are valuable candidates for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those which are responsive to the modulation of potassium channels.

Abstract: The disclosure provides EP2 receptor agonist compounds and methods for using the compounds for treating conditions which can be alleviated by agonism of an EP2 receptor.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel biphenylcarboxamides of the formula (I) in which R, Z, X, Y, m, n and A are as defined in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for preparing these compounds and their use for controlling unwanted microorganisms, and to novel intermediates and their preparation.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I active on protein kinases are described, as well as methods of using such compounds to treat diseases and conditions associated with aberrant activity of protein kinases. Formula (I) wherein Ar is optionally substituted heteroaryl; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen; U is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(X)—, —C(X)—N(R10)—, and —S(O)2—N(R10)—; R3 is optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted C3.6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and wherein R1, R3, R4, m, L1, X R10 are as described herein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, are useful for the treatment of obesity, type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (I): wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, R1, R2, G1, G2, Q1 and Q2 are as defined in claim 1; or salts or N-oxides thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), to insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and nematicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pests.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I): Also disclosed is a process for preparing this compound, a fungicidal composition comprising a compound of general formula (I), as well as a method for treating plants by applying a compound of general formula (I) or a composition comprising it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substances and compositions having a physiological cooling effect on the skin and the mucosa of the body, especially of the oral cavity, throat and nose. More in particular, the present invention relates to N-substituted-p-menthane-3-carboxamides represented by the following formula (I): and esters thereof. These substances are capable of imparting and/or enhancing a physiological cooling effect in a product in which they are incorporated, much more effectively than the heretofore known N-substituted-p-menthane-3-carboxamides.

Abstract: The invention provides certain well-defined benzamides that are useful as sphingosine-1-phosphate antagonists. As such, the compounds described herein are useful in treating a wide variety of disorders associated with modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.

Abstract: Biphenylcarboxamide compounds of formula (I) methods for preparing compounds of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I) as well as the use of compounds of formula (I) as a medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, obesity and type II diabetes.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Ar, A, n and m are defined herein, is disclosed as a GlyT1 inhibitor; pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound of the formula (I) are also disclosed as are their use in medicine, for example in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Abstract: Certain substituted benzamide derivatives selectively modulate the cardiac sarcomere, for example by potentiating cardiac myosin, and are useful in the treatment of systolic heart failure including congestive heart failure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula or salts thereof, wherein, Ar1, Ar, R, R1, R2, Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4 and Y have meanings described in the specification, having a melanin-concentrating hormone antagonistic, action and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity and the like.

Abstract: Ligands for transition metals are disclosed herein, which may be used in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The disclosed methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein. The compounds are useful as reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV. In particular, the compounds are active against wild type and single or double mutant strains of HIV.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds and methods for modulating one or more components of a kinase cascade.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process, having a reduced environmental impact, for preparing phenylamino substituted quaternary salt compounds that are CCR2 antagonists.

Abstract: Novel spirobenzoazepine compounds, novel processes for the preparation of nonpeptide substituted spirobenzoazepine derivatives, and novel processes for the preparation of intermediates in the preparation of such derivatives. Novel intermediates in the preparation of nonpeptide substituted spirobenzoazepine derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods that are useful in modulating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). As FXR is involved in negatively controlling the expression level of cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase (cyp7a), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of cholesterol into bile acids, the compounds described herein find utility in treating diseases associated with abnormally high or low cholesterol levels. In certain aspects, the FXR modulators (e.g., antagonists) described herein block the negative feed-back downregulation of cyp7a expression produced by certain cholic acids, the endogenous ligands for FXR. Moreover, as FXR forms heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in some cell types, modulation of the level of FXR activity in cells has a wide range of effects on a variety of biological processes which are mediated by RXR or other RXR-interacting proteins such as PPAR? and PPAR?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that act as chemical uncouplers. Compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment, including prevention, of obesity, diabetes and a number of diseases or disorders associated therewith.

Abstract: Substituted n-aryl benzamides, related compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their synthesis and labeling, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, including A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment are provided. Also provided is the use of the disclosed compounds as imaging agents and methods for in vivo imaging and diagnosis of amyloid and synuclein diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating CNS disorders with a compound of formula I wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are as defined in the specification and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a nucleophilic addition product of an aziridine and a nucleophile, the process comprising treating the arizidine with the nucleophile in the presence of a biaryl phosphoric acid catalyst

Abstract: The present invention is directed to certain hydroxamate derivatives that are useful in the treatment of hepatitis C. These compounds are also inhibitors of histone deacetylase and are therefore useful in the treatment of diseases associated with histone deacetylase activity. Pharmaceutical compositions and processes for preparing these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted benzyloxy-phenylmethylamide derivatives, processes for their preparation, and their use in medicaments, especially for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with Cold Menthol Receptor 1 (CMR-1) activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, and inflammatory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD).

Abstract: This invention relates to novel biphenylcarboxamides of the formula (I) in which R, Z, X, Y, m, n and A are as defined in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for preparing these compounds and their use for controlling unwanted microorganisms, and to novel intermediates and their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, where; X is —C(R4)? or —N?; Ar is phenyl, substituted phenyl, heterocycle, or substituted heterocycle; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, fluoro, or methyl; when X is —C(R4)?,R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or methyl, provided that no more than one of R3and R4 may be other than hydrogen; and R5 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. The compounds of the present invention are useful for activating 5-HT1F receptors, inhibiting dural protein extravasation, and for the treatment or prevention of migraine in a mammal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel binaphthol derivatives and methods for the optical resolution of amino acids or amino alcohols and for the optical transformation of D, L-forms of amino acids using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I: I which are agonists of the M-1 muscarinic receptor

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel microbicidal compositions based on biphenylbenzamide derivatives of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and m are as defined in the disclosure, to novel biphenylbenzamides, to a plurality of processes for preparing these substances and their use for controlling pests, and to novel intermediates and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to copper complexes of phosphorus compounds, to a process for their preparation and to their use in catalytic coupling reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to N-bisaryl- and N-aryl-cycloalkylidenyl-a-hydroxy- and a-alkoxy acetic acid amides of the general formula (I) including the optical isomers thereof and mixtures of such isomers, wherein R1 is hydrogen, C1–C12alkyl; C2–C12alkenyl; C2–C12alkynyl; C1–C12haloalkyl; R2 is hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; or optionally substituted alkynyl; R3 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; A is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated C3–C8-cycloalkylidene, optionally substituted phenylidene or optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated heterocyclylidene bridge, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or an organic radical, and R6 is hydrogen; tri-C1–C4alkyl-silyl; di-C1–C4alkyl-phenylsilyl; C1–C4alkyl-diphenylsilyl; triphenylsilyl; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compounds, including acylguanidine compounds, and methods of treatment and pharmaceutical compositions that utilize or comprise one or more such compounds. Compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological injury and neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: This invention relates to a ?-hydroxyalkylamide having the general Formula I: where R1 is H or a linear or branched C1 to C10 alkyl and R2 is a linear or branched C1 to C5 alkyl.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, etc.; n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 is hydogen atom, optionally substituted alkyl, etc.; R2 and R3 are independently optionally substituted alkyl, etc.; R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen atom or optionally substituted alkyl; R6 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy or alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful as a medicament for treating retinal degenerative disorders and the like.

Abstract: Certain substituted benzamide derivatives of Formula I: selectively modulate the cardiac sarcomere, for example by potentiating cardiac myosin, and are useful in the treatment of systolic heart failure including congestive heart failure.

Abstract: Combinatorial libraries are disclosed which are represented by Formula I: (T′—L)q—Ŝ—C(O)—L′—II′  I wherein: Ŝ is a solid support; T′—L— is an identifier residue; and —L′—II′ is a ligand/linker residue. These libraries contain dihydrobenzopyrans of the formula: which interact (i.e., as agonists or antagonists) with &agr; adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, &dgr;-opiate receptors, and K+ channels and are inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isozymes. They are useful in the treatement of ocular diseases such as glaucoma.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods that are useful in modulating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). As FXR is involved in negatively controlling the expression level of cholesterol 7&agr;-hydroxylase (cyp7a), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of cholesterol into bile acids, the compounds described herein find utility in treating diseases associated with abnormally high or low cholesterol levels. In certain aspects, the FXR modulators (e.g., antagonists) described herein block the negative feed-back downregulation of cyp7a expression produced by certain cholic acids, the endogenous ligands for FXR. Moreover, as FXR forms heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in some cell types, modulation of the level of FXR activity in cells has a wide range of effects on a variety of biological processes which are mediated by RXR or other RXR-interacting proteins such as PPAR&ggr; and PPAR&agr;.

Abstract: The present invention provides carbanilides of formula (I), wherein A, Q, R, X, Z and m are as defined herein. A plurality of processes for preparing these compounds is provided, along with methods of using the compounds to control microorganisms in crops and in the protection of materials. The compounds of the present invention also find use in controlling animal pests.

Abstract: PPAR alpha activators, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, in mammals, including humans.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-phenoxy-N-phenyl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: Phenoxyethylamine derivatives of general formula (I) having high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor, methods for preparing same, pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives, and their use, in particular as gastric acid secretion inhibitors or as antiemetics, are disclosed. In general formula (I), Ar is phenyl substituted by one or more substituents; and R is a C1-10 hydrocarbon radical selected from straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl radicals, saturated or unsaturated mono- or polycyclic cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkyl radicals; a pyridyl or isoquinolyl radical, phenyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents, and salts thereof.

Abstract: Novel compounds, their salts and compositions related thereto having activity against mammalian factor Xa are disclosed. The compounds are useful in vitro or in vivo for preventing or treating coagulation disorders.

Abstract: Compounds of the general structure according to Formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; R2 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkyny, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl; R3 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; W is selected from Ch2, O and S; n is 0 to about 3: X is selected from S or O; Y, if present, is selected from a bond, aryl, NH, NR, O or S, where R3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl; and Z, if present, can represent a bond or is selected from lower alkyl, O or S are disclosed. Also disclosed are uses of such compounds for treating a variety of disease conditions, including cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain resorcinol derivatives and their use as skin lightening agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted aryl and heteroaryl (R)-Chiral Halogenated 1-Substitutedamino-(n+1)-Alkanol compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Novel high yield, stereoselective processes for the preparation of the chiral substituted alkanol compounds from chiral and achiral intermediates are described. Preferred (R)-Chiral 1-Subsbitutedamino-(n+1)-Alkanol compounds are substituted (R)-Chiral N-phenoxy N-phenyl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: This invention relates to substituted benzanilides which are ligands, agonists or antagonists, of the CCR5 receptor. In addition, this invention relates to the treatment and prevention of disease states mediated by CCR5, including, but not limited to, asthma and atopic disorders (for example, atopic dermatitis and allergies), rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis and other fibrotic diseases, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, all in mammals, by the use of substituted benzanilides which are CCR5 receptor antagonists. Furthermore, since CD8+ T cells have been implicated in COPD, CCR5 may play a role in their recruitment and therefore antagonists to CCR5 could provide potential therapeutic in the treatment of COPD. Also, since CCR5 is a co-receptor for the entry of HIV into cells, selective receptor ligands may be useful in the treatment of HIV infection.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-phenoxy-N-phenyl aminoalcohols.