Guanidine Per Se Or Salt Thereof Patents (Class 564/241)
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Patent number: 10443023Abstract: Provided are a cleaning agent and a cleaning liquid that prevent a reduction in the rejection rate of an RO membrane which may occur when the RO membrane is cleaned and a method for cleaning an RO membrane with the cleaning liquid. The agent for cleaning an RO membrane includes a urea derivative. The urea derivative preferably includes urea (H2N—CO—NH2) and/or biuret (H2N—CO—NH—CO—NH2). The cleaning liquid is an aqueous solution produced by diluting the cleaning agent. The method for cleaning an RO membrane uses the cleaning liquid. Urea and biuret have a structure analogous to amide bonds included in aromatic polyamide RO membranes, and have a strong affinity for amide bond portions. Urea and biuret adsorb onto the amide bond portions, and prevent the amide bonds from being broken by the cleaning liquid.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 2015Date of Patent: October 15, 2019Assignee: KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES LTD.Inventors: Takahiro Kawakatsu, Kazuki Ishii
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Patent number: 9399617Abstract: A process and a related plant for the synthesis of urea, where a solution (13) comprising urea is obtained in a synthesis section (10), said solution is treated in a recovery section (14), and an aqueous solution (15) comprising mainly urea and water, which is obtained from said recovery section, is concentrated by means of contact with a water-selective membrane.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 2013Date of Patent: July 26, 2016Assignee: Casale SAInventor: Andrea Scotto
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Patent number: 8962888Abstract: Methods for forming spherical crystal habit are shown. A needle-shaped crystal habit, a solvent, and a surfactant are combined and dissolved forming a first solution. The first solution and an anti-solvent are combined forming a second solution. The second solution is cooled. Spherical crystal habit is formed.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 2013Date of Patent: February 24, 2015Assignee: Physical Sciences, Inc.Inventors: Dorin V. Preda, Prakash B. Joshi, Anait (Tsinberg) Scherer, Laurel A. Vernarelli
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Publication number: 20140256987Abstract: A creatinol O-phosphate is formed by chemically reacting a creatinol sulfate of creatinol compound with sulfuric acid to form a protected creatinol sulfate as a transition state of the synthesis process of the creatinol O-phosphate, wherein the protected creatinol is further reacted with one of P2O5, CIPO3H2, and POCl3 to form the creatinol O-phosphate. The method of producing the protected creatinol sulfate includes a step of adding sulfuric acid into a creatinol sulfate to form a protected creatinol sulfate as the protected functional group. Therefore, the creatinol O-phosphate is formed by the process including the steps of chemically reacting the protected creatinol sulfate with one of POCl3, ClPO3OH2, and P2O5 to form a creatinol O-phosphate solution; and crystallizing the creatinol O-phosphate solution to obtain crystallized creatinol O-phosphate.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 9, 2013Publication date: September 11, 2014Inventor: Guoji ZHANG
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Publication number: 20130330735Abstract: The present invention provides eluent for ion-exchange chromatography, wherein the eluent allows separation and detection of a target nucleic acid such as a PCR-amplified product, a restriction enzyme fragment of the PCR-amplified product, or a restriction enzyme fragment of a nucleic acid in a short time with high separation performance. The present invention also provides a method of analyzing nucleic acid chains by ion-exchange chromatography using the eluent.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 12, 2012Publication date: December 12, 2013Applicant: SEKISUI MEDICAL CO., LTD.Inventors: Takuya Yotani, Koji Ushizawa
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Catalytic depolymerization of polymers containing electrophilic linkages using nucleophilic reagents
Patent number: 8492504Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and materials useful for depolymerizing a polymer. In one embodiment, for example, the disclosure provides a method for depolymerizing a polymer containing electrophilic linkages, wherein the method comprises contacting the polymer with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of a guanidine-containing compound. The methods and materials of the disclosure find utility, for example, in the field of waste reclamation and recycling.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 2012Date of Patent: July 23, 2013Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation, The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior UniversityInventors: James Lupton Hedrick, Russell Clayton Pratt, Robert M. Waymouth -
Publication number: 20130035509Abstract: The invention relates to a use of the guanidinium cation and to a light-emitting component. This invention for the first time describes matrix materials and emitters for uses in organic electrochemical light-emitting cells containing a guanidinium cation unit. Guanidinium groups as a cationic system promise a wide electrochemical window and hence stable components. The route to guanidinium systems is described in detail in the literature.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 19, 2010Publication date: February 7, 2013Applicant: OSRAM OPTO SEMICONDUCTORS GMBHInventors: Günter Schmid, David Hartmann, Andreas Kanitz, Wiebke Sarfert
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Patent number: 8367796Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and materials useful for polymerizing a monomer. In one embodiment, for example, the disclosure provides a method for polymerizing a monomer containing a plurality of electrophilic groups, wherein the method comprises contacting the monomer with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of a guanidine-containing catalyst. The methods and materials of the disclosure find utility, for example, in the field of materials science.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 2009Date of Patent: February 5, 2013Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation, Stanford UniversityInventors: James Lupton Hedrick, Russell Clayton Pratt, Robert M. Waymouth
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Catalytic depolymerization of polymers containing electrophilic linkages using nucleophilic reagents
Patent number: 8309618Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and materials useful for depolymerizing a polymer. In one embodiment, for example, the disclosure provides a method for depolymerizing a polymer containing electrophilic linkages, wherein the method comprises contacting the polymer with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of a guanidine-containing compound. The methods and materials of the disclosure find utility, for example, in the field of waste reclamation and recycling.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 2009Date of Patent: November 13, 2012Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation, Stanford UniversityInventors: James Lupton Hedrick, Russell Clayton Pratt, Robert M. Waymouth -
Publication number: 20120232287Abstract: A detergent dispersant contains a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula (1). A lubricating oil composition contains the detergent dispersant. Each symbol in the formula means the same as described in the description.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 29, 2010Publication date: September 13, 2012Applicant: IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.Inventors: Junya Iwasaki, Izumi Terada
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Patent number: 8063106Abstract: The invention provides low molecular weight apoE mimetic agents suitable for preparing a medicament to treat autoimmune, inflammatory or neurodegenerative disease, (X)a-L-(X)b(Formula (I)) wherein each X is a (potentially different) chemical moiety bearing a positive charge at physiological pH a and b are, independently, numbers between 3 and 6; and L is a linker.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2006Date of Patent: November 22, 2011Assignee: TCP Innovations LimitedInventors: David J. Grainger, David John Fox
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Publication number: 20110105786Abstract: A creatinol O-phosphate is formed by chemically reacting a creatinol sulfate of creatinol compound with sulfuric acid to form a protected creatinol sulfate as a transition state of the synthesis process of the creatinol O-phosphate, wherein the protected creatinol is further reacted with one of P2O5, CIPO3H2, and POCl3 to form the creatinol O-phosphate. The method of producing the protected creatinol sulfate includes a step of adding sulfuric acid into a creatinol sulfate to form a protected creatinol sulfate as the protected functional group. Therefore, the creatinol O-phosphate is formed by the process including the steps of chemically reacting the protected creatinol sulfate with one of POCl3, CIPO3OH2, and P2O5 to form a creatinol O-phosphate solution; and crystallizing the creatinol O-phosphate solution to obtain crystallized creatinol O-phosphate.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 2, 2009Publication date: May 5, 2011Inventors: Guoji Zhang, Jiashu Zhang
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Publication number: 20110105797Abstract: A chemical compound of creatinol sulfate is formed by chemically reacting N-methyl-amino-ethanol, cyanamide, with sulfuric acid to produce the creatinol sulfate with relatively higher yield rate and purity, wherein the mol ratio of N-methyl-amino-ethanol, sulfuric acid, and cyanamide is approximately 2:1:2.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 2, 2009Publication date: May 5, 2011Inventors: Guoji Zhang, Jiashu Zhang
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Patent number: 7759055Abstract: Wash solution and method for purifying sequencing reaction product. The wash solution comprises an effective amount of guanidine in a low ionic solution to reduce or eliminate the presence of dye terminators in a sequencing reaction product. In its method aspects, the present invention comprises the addition of the wash solution to the sequencing reaction product prior to filtration, followed by filtration to reduce or eliminate unincorporated dye terminators. The purified sequencing products can then be resuspended and transferred to an appropriate substrate for sequencing or further preparation. Dye blobs formed from unincorporated dye terminators no longer interfere with the electropherograms generated upon electrophoresis of the sample.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 2003Date of Patent: July 20, 2010Assignee: Millipore CorporationInventors: Gabriels E. Joseph, Jr., Masaharu Mabuchi
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Publication number: 20080286165Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating energy from a composition containing guanidine and a method for providing the composition containing guanidine. The apparatus includes a container such as tank (1) for providing the composition, and a container such as tank (2) for providing water. The composition is delivered from tank (1) to a container such as reactor (3) for reacting the guadinine composition with water, supplied from tank (2), to form ammonia. The apparatus may also include buffer tank (4) for storing the ammonia produced by the reactor.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 3, 2005Publication date: November 20, 2008Inventors: Robert K. Graupner, J. Dustin Hultine, James Alden Van Vechten
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Publication number: 20080251169Abstract: An ionic liquid is disclosed A precursor composition that comprises at least one ionic liquid and at least one energetic material is also disclosed, as is a method of synthesizing an ionic liquid and a method of desensitizing an explosive composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 13, 2007Publication date: October 16, 2008Applicant: ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC.Inventors: Steven M. Nicolich, Alexander J. Paraskos, Daniel W. Doll, Gary K. Lund, Wendy A. Balas
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Publication number: 20080221043Abstract: In accordance with the purpose(s) of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention, in one aspect, relates to compounds comprising the structure: and at least one guanidinium residue, wherein m is zero or a positive integer. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the disclosed compounds. Also disclosed are methods of intracellular delivery comprising administering the disclosed compounds and compositions to a subject. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds or compositions of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 23, 2007Publication date: September 11, 2008Inventors: Eva M. Harth, James E. Crowe, Kui Huang, Sharon K. Hamilton, Heidi E. Hamm, Bryan Voss
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Patent number: 7199141Abstract: Nitro-oxyderivative compounds or salts thereof having the following general formula (I): A—(B)b0—(C)c0—NO2 wherein: c0 is an integer and is 0 or 1, b0 is an integer and is 0 or 1, A=R—T1—, wherein R is the radical of an analgesic drug for the chronic pain, in particular for the neuropathic pain; B is such that its precursor is selected from anminoacids, hydroxyacids, polyalcohols, compounds containing at least one acid function; C is a bivalent radical containing an aliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic radical.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2002Date of Patent: April 3, 2007Assignee: Nicox S.A.Inventors: Piero Del Soldato, Ennio Ongini
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Patent number: 6570038Abstract: Hexasubstituted guanidinium chlorides are prepared by a method which affords them in high yield as aqueous solutions, optionally also containing alkali metal chlorides. The solutions may be employed as sources of hexasubstituted guanidinium salts useful as phase transfer catalysts for the reaction of alkali metal salts of dihydroxyaromatic compounds with substituted imides to form polyetherimides or their intermediates.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2000Date of Patent: May 27, 2003Inventors: Joseph John Caringi, Peter David Phelps, Thomas Link Guggenheim, Daniel Joseph Brunelle
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Patent number: 6258976Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I): H2N—(CH2)n—A—(CH2)m—NH2, or (II): H2N—(CH2)n—NH—C(═NR1)—NH—(CH2)m—NH2, wherein n and m are each independently an integer from 2 to 8; A is selected from the group consisting of —NR1—, —NR1—(CH2)r—NR1— and —NR1—(CH2)r—NR1—(CH2)z—NR1—, wherein r and z are an integer ranging from 2 to 8; and R1 is hydrogen or a protecting group having a carbonyl group.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 1999Date of Patent: July 10, 2001Inventors: Francis Johnson, Ramesh C. Gupta
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Patent number: 6235934Abstract: Hexasubstituted guanidinium chlorides are prepared by a method which affords them in high yield as aqueous solutions, optionally also containing alkali metal chlorides. The solutions may be employed as sources of hexasubstituted guanidinium salts useful as phase transfer catalysts for the reaction of alkali metal salts of dihydroxyaromatic compounds with substituted imides to form polyetherimides or their intermediates.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1998Date of Patent: May 22, 2001Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Joseph John Caringi, Gary Ray Faler, Peter David Phelps, Thomas Link Guggenheim, Larry Ivis Flowers, Daniel Joseph Brunelle, Roy Ray Odle
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Patent number: 6147258Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by reacting calcium cyanamide with a primary or secondary amino carboxylic acid or a primary or secondary amino sulfonic acid or their derivatives of the formula II ##STR2## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1998Date of Patent: November 14, 2000Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Greindl, Gunter Scherr, Rolf Schneider, Klaus Mundinger
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Patent number: 6093848Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by a) converting urea into an alkylated isourea of the formula II ##STR2## and b) reacting the alkylated isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1998Date of Patent: July 25, 2000Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Greindl, Gunter Scherr, Rolf Schneider, Klaus Mundinger
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Patent number: 5994582Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by reacting haloformamidinium salts of the formula II, ##STR2## where Hal can be Cl, F, Br and I, with primary or secondary amines of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1998Date of Patent: November 30, 1999Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Greindl, Gunter Scherr, Rolf Schneider, Klaus Mundinger
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Patent number: 5969182Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by a) reacting calcium cyanamide with an alcohol of the formula R.sup.10 --OH to give an isourea derivative of the formula II, ##STR2## and b) reacting the substituted isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III, ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1998Date of Patent: October 19, 1999Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Greindl, Gunter Scherr, Rolf Schneider, Klaus Mundinger
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Patent number: 5801179Abstract: The present invention is concerned with compounds having the formula ##STR1## the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1--6 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1- 6 alkyl; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, cyano, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylmethoxy, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl--S--, C.sub.1-6 alkyl(S.dbd.O)--, C.sub.1-6 alkylcarbonyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyloxy; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together form a bivalent radical; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyloxy, aryloxy or arylmethoxy; R.sup.7 is hydrogen; Alk.sup.1 is C.sub.2-5 alkanediyl; Alk.sup.2 is C.sub.2-15 alkanediyl; Q is a heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom or a radical of formula ##STR2## Pharmaceutical compositions, preparations and use as a medicine are described.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1997Date of Patent: September 1, 1998Assignee: Janssen Pharmaceutica, NVInventors: Guy Rosalia Eugene Van Lommen, Marcel Frans Leopold De Bruyn, Piet Tom Bert Paul Wigerinck
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Patent number: 5728879Abstract: A bisguanidine salt selected from the group consisting of a 4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of N,N'-bis(1,3-diethylguanyl)ethylenediamine, a 4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of N,N'-bis(1,3-diisopropylguanyl)ethylenediamine, a 4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of N,N'-bis-(imidazoline-2-yl)ethylenediamine, a 4-(phenylsulfonyl)-phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of 1,4-bis(1,3-diisopropylguanyl)piperazine, a 4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of 1,4-bis(1,3-diethylguanyl)piperazine, a 4-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of N,N'-bis(1,3-diethylguanyl)ethylenediamine and a 4-(4-ethylphenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonylacetic acid salt of 1,4-bis(1,3-diethylguanyl)piperazine which can be used as a base precursor which is rapidly decomposed by heat treatment at 120.degree. C. or less to release a base.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1997Date of Patent: March 17, 1998Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventors: Jiro Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Takeuchi, Hideaki Satoh, Shun-ichi Ishikawa, Keizo Ogawa, Tomomi Ishino
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Patent number: 5382668Abstract: This invention relates to intermediates and processes thereto, for the preparation of 5,6-dihydropyrro[2,3-d]pyrimidines which are useful for the treatment of susceptible neoplasms.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1993Date of Patent: January 17, 1995Assignee: Eli Lilly and CompanyInventors: Charles J. Barnett, Thomas M. Wilson
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Patent number: 5152807Abstract: Sediment and color formation in diesel and heating fuel oils, especially those comprising a cracked fraction, may be reduced by incorporating in the fuel oil a guanidinium or substituted guanidinium salt.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1990Date of Patent: October 6, 1992Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.Inventors: Michael D. Sexton, Rosalind H. Strange
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Patent number: 5059624Abstract: Guanidine derivatives of the following formulas (1) and (2): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or optionally substituted cinnamoyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 cannot be both hydrogen,n is an integer from 1 to 8, or: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is truxinoyl or a truxilloyl each optionally substituted, andR.sup.2 and n are as defined above;pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and a process for their extraction and purification from plant material, in particular from Verbesina caracasana.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1989Date of Patent: October 22, 1991Assignee: Consiglio Nazionale Delle RicercheInventors: Giuliano D. Monache, Franco D. Monache, Marco Carmignani, Stella C. Bonnevaux, Romulo Espinal, Carlo De Luca, Bruno Botta
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Patent number: 4970307Abstract: A process for formation of a base from a base precursor, which comprises decomposing the base precursor in the presence of a catalyst. The base precursor has the following formula (I) or (II):(R.sup.1 --C.tbd.C--CO.sub.2 H).sub.x .multidot.B (I)R.sup.2 (--C.tbd.C--CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 .multidot.B.sub.y (II)wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl, --CO.sub.2 M (M is an alkali metal) and --CO.sub.2 H.B, each of which may have one or more substituent groups; R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 1987Date of Patent: November 13, 1990Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventors: Keiji Takeda, Jiro Tsukahara, Kozo Sato
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Patent number: 4914235Abstract: The present invention provides a process for obtaining guanidine hydrohalides from the by-product mixture obtained in the production of mercaptoalkylsilanes and consisting essentially of guanidine hydrohalide, ammonium halide, thiourea and silane compounds, wherein the by-product mixture is extracted with an aliphatic ketone containing up to 7 carbon atoms and the extract is separated from the residue containing the guanidine hydrohalide.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1989Date of Patent: April 3, 1990Assignee: SKW Trostberg AktiengesellschaftInventors: Clemens Grambow, Ferdinand Beck
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Patent number: 4471137Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2, R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 independently represent a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, in addition to which R.sub.3 may represent a hydrogen atom, the alkyl radicals together containing in all at least 8 carbon atoms, are provided for use as highly sterically hindered bases in chemical syntheses.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1982Date of Patent: September 11, 1984Assignee: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Inventors: Derek H. R. Barton, John D. Elliott, Stephan D. Gero
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Patent number: 4388474Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for the preparation of guanidine sulfamate from the reaction mixture of urea and an ammonium aqua-ammonosulfate, e.g. ammonium imidosulfonate, obtained by the reaction under atmospheric pressure followed by hydrolysis with water. Different from conventional procedures, the hydrolysis in the inventive method is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 100.degree. C. or, preferably, at about 70.degree. C., in which the retardation of the reaction velocity at the lower temperature is compensated for by admixing the aqueous solution of the reaction mixture with a portion of the hydrolysis product obtained in the preceding run. After completion of the hydrolysis reaction, the hydrolysis product is admixed with calcium hydroxide or oxide and the desired guanidine sulfamate is obtained from the liquid portion from which the excess of the calcium ions has been removed.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1981Date of Patent: June 14, 1983Assignee: Director-General of the Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyInventor: Koichi Tanihara
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Patent number: 4273687Abstract: A guanidine phosphate composition containing both monoquanidine phosphate and diguanidine phosphate and characterized by a weight loss of less than 1% when heated for one hour at 220.degree. C. is prepared by mixing together about equimolar quantities of phosphoric acid and cyanoguanidine and heating this reaction mixture with agitation in the presence of a surfactant to a temperature in the range of 200.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. Agitation is continued for two hours at 200.degree. C. or until foaming stops (about one hour at 240.degree. C.). The guanidine phosphate composition so obtained may be applied to cellulosic materials to render them fire retardant.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1979Date of Patent: June 16, 1981Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Richard W. Cummins, Robert J. Fuchs, James L. Thomas