Abstract: The invention provides branched trialkylamine oxides with improved properties. The trialkylamine oxides of the invention produced from branched trialkylamines, in one embodiment, can be made using certain branched C10-12 enals and aldehydes. The invention also provides an trialkylamine oxide having the formula: wherein R5, R6 and R7 are independently at least one of C3H7, C2H5, CH3, or H, or mixtures thereof; and wherein R5 and R6 are not H at the same time. In one embodiment, the trialkylamine oxides of the invention can be useful in making various products, for example, as surfactants.

Abstract: Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

Abstract: The antimicrobial composition of the present invention comprises a cationic active ingredient, a quaternized sugar-derived surfactant, and an optional foam boosting surfactant. These formulations have a high cidal activity in a short amount of time and provide stable copious foam. The formulations of the present invention also exhibit enhanced tissue (e.g. skin) compatibility as defined by an in vitro whole toxicology assessment method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of membrane separation processes and clean in place compositions for cleaning such membranes. The cleaning compositions can remove proteins, fats, and other food, beverage, and brewery based soils and offer an environmentally friendly alternative surfactant system to NPE. According to the invention, surfactants and polymers useful for this process are unpredictable and specific surfactants, polymers, and combinations of the same are disclosed for use alone, as part of a cleaning composition. Methods of use of the same are also included.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one compound selected from the class of the sulphoximines for enhancing plants' intrinsic defenses and/or for improving plant growth and/or for enhancing the resistance of plants to plant diseases which are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, MLOs (mycoplasma-like organisms) and/or RLOs (rickettsia-like organisms), and/or for enhancing the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel O-dialkylamino-isoureas and polymerizable compositions comprising these O-dialkylamino-isoureas of compounds of the general formula (I). The invention further relates to the use of O-dialkylamino-isoureas as polymerization initiators, especially to prepare coatings or for controlled degradation of polyolefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid cleaning and disinfecting composition and, in one embodiment, a liquid cleaning and disinfecting liquid hand dishwashing composition, comprising an alkyl or substituted alkyl branched alkyl chain amine oxide. The present invention further relates to methods of disinfecting dishware and/or dishwashing implements and/or skin using such a liquid detergent compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides cell culture medium comprising trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Progenitor cells cultured with such medium can form connective tissue with enhanced mechanical properties. Also provided are methods of forming connective tissue and methods of treatment for connective tissue defects.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulae and general formulae: wherein each R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen, a nitro group, an alkyl or aryl ester, and an alkyl or aryl ether; compounds having the general formula: wherein R is an alkyl, aryl or electron withdrawing group; mixtures thereof; can be used as additives for crude oil and hydrocarbons. These compounds may be used to scavenge mercaptans, sulfides, cyanides, and primary or secondary amines; either alone or in combination.

Abstract: This invention provides alignment materials for liquid crystal display device of vertical alignment mode and methods for the preparation of the same, and more particularly, it provides diaminobenzene derivatives represented by the following formula 1 (shown in description), capable of aligning liquid crystal in uniform and vertical way and remarkably improving clarity and solubility against organic solvents, methods for the preparation of the same and liquid crystal alignment films using the same.

Abstract: There are provided a processing liquid for suppressing pattern collapse of a fine metal structure, containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide having a fluoroalkyl group, a betaine compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and an amine oxide compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a method for producing a fine metal structure using the same.

Abstract: Methods are provided for using doxorubicin active agents in which reduced host toxicity is observed. Aspects of the methods including administering to a subject an effective amount of a doxorubicin active agent in conjunction with a doxorubicin toxicity-reducing adjuvant, e.g., a nitrone compound, or a nitrone compound in combination with a bisdioxopiperazine compound. Also provided are compositions for use in practicing the subject methods. The methods and compositions find use in a variety of different applications, including in the treatment of a variety of different disease conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structures XIV or XVII.

Abstract: In a process for the aqueous suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, alone or in mixture with other monomers, in the presence of at least one of dialkylperoxydicarbonate, peroxyester and diacyl peroxide, the polymerization composition according to the invention comprises at least one dialkylhydroxylamine as a shortstopping agent along with a totally or partially hindered phenolic antioxidant.

Abstract: Methods of detecting at least one analyte and at least one nucleic acid in a sample are provided. Reagents for carrying out the methods are also provided.

Abstract: Methods, kits and compounds are provided that relate to the diagnosis, treatment, and/or prevention of preeclampsia.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of solid Mn+(HDO)n salts wherein HDO is the anion of N?-hydroxy-N-cyclohexyldiazenium oxide, and Mn+ is a metal cation by precipitation with an acid from an alkaline solution of an HDO-salt with monovalent cations in the presence of amines and drying under mild conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides a surfactant and/or a cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof. The invention also provides a household cleaning composition and a personal or pet care cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-natural amino acids and polypeptides that include at least one non-natural amino acid, and methods for making such non-natural amino acids and polypeptides. The non-natural amino acids, by themselves or as a part of a polypeptide, can include a wide range of possible functionalities, but typical have at least one oxime, carbonyl, dicarbonyl, and/or hydroxylamine group. Also disclosed herein are non-natural amino acid polypeptides that are further modified post-translationally, methods for effecting such modifications, and methods for purifying such polypeptides. Typically, the modified non-natural amino acid polypeptides include at least one oxime, carbonyl, dicarbonyl, and/or hydroxylamine group. Further disclosed are methods for using such non-natural amino acid polypeptides and modified non-natural amino acid polypeptides, including therapeutic, diagnostic, and other biotechnology uses.

Abstract: Silicone polyoxamide and silicone polyoxamide-hydrazide copolymers comprise at least two repeating units of formula I In this formula, each R1 is independently an alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aryl substituted with an alkyl, alkoxy, or halo; each Y is independently an alkylene, aralkylene, or a combination thereof; each G is independently a bond or a divalent residue equal to a diamine of formula R3HN-G-NHR3 minus the two —NHR3 groups; each R3 is independently hydrogen or alkyl or R3 taken together with G and with the nitrogen to which they are both attached form a heterocyclic group; each n is independently an integer of 0 to 1500; each p is independently an integer of 1 to 10, and the average of p is 1.2 or greater; and each q is independently an integer of 1 or greater, and every q is not the same integer.

Abstract: The present invention provides the antifungal composition, containing the compound (a) selected from specific quaternary ammonium salts and specific amine oxides and the sequestering agent (b) having a calcium-chelating constant of 4 to 12 at a mass ratio (a)/(b) of 0.01 to 10.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds and methods useful for preparing hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol. Hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol can be efficiently synthesized in four steps from readily available starting materials.

Abstract: A solid phase reaction system for oxidation of an organic compound, having high industrial value in which an organic solvent exerting a reverse influence on earth environments is not necessary, reuse of a catalyst is possible, and high yield can be attained, comprising a mixture of a powdery dispersion medium and a powder of a solid catalyst for the above-described oxidation reaction, and the above-described organic compound and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, wherein the above-described organic compound, the above-described solid catalyst and the above-described aqueous hydrogen peroxide are dispersed in the above-described mixture so that they get into contact mutually.

Abstract: An amine oxide type surfactant, which has excellent compatibility with an anionic or non-ionic surfactant having excellent detergency and shows excellent detergency and softening effect, is represented by the following formula 1: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and each independently represents a C8˜C22 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group; A represents a C1˜C4 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group; X represents OH, a C1˜C4 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (CH2CH2O)nH, (CHCH3CH2O)nH or a combination of (CH2CH2O)nH and (CHCH3CH2O)nH; and n is a number of 1˜30.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulae and general formulae: wherein each R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen, a nitro group, an alkyl or aryl ester, and an alkyl or aryl ether; compounds having the general formula: wherein R is an alkyl, aryl or electron withdrawing group; mixtures thereof; can be used as additives for crude oil and hydrocarbons. These compounds may be used to scavenge mercaptans, sulfides, cyanides, and primary or secondary amines; either alone or in combination.

Abstract: The invention describes compositions and kits comprising at least qrie organic nitric oxide enhancing salt of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide enhancing compound and/or at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides methods for (a) treating cardiovascular diseases; (b) treating renovascular diseases; (c) treating diabetes; (d) treating diseases resulting from oxidative stress; (e) treating endothelial dysfunctions; (f) treating diseases caused by endothelial dysfunctions; (g) treating cirrhosis; (h) treating pre-eclampsia; Q) treating osteoporosis; (k) treating nephropathy; (l) treating peripheral vascular diseases; (m) treating portal hypertension; (n) treating ophthalmic disorders; (o) treating metabolic syndrome; and (p) treating hyperlipidemia.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula wherein the variables RN, RC, R1, R25, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. These compounds have activity as inhibitors of beta-secretase and are therefore useful in treating a variety of discorders such as Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): useful in treating Alzheimer's disease and other similar diseases. These compounds include inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme that are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other diseases characterized by deposition of A beta peptide in a mammal. The compounds of the invention are useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment to reduce A beta peptide formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for using amine oxide monomer-containing polymeric suds enhancers (enhancers) to increase the suds and/or foam volume and suds and/or foam retention in suds-forming and/or foam-forming compositions comprising such amine oxide monomer-containing polymeric suds enhancers. Suitable suds-forming and/or foam-forming compositions comprise one or more amine oxide monomer-containing polymeric suds enhancers.

Abstract: Molecules comprising aminooxy groups are provided, wherein the aminooxy groups provide attachment sites for the covalent attachment of other molecules. In one embodiment, polyoxyethylene molecules comprising aminooxy groups are provided that can be conjugated to wide variety of biologically active molecules including poly(amino acids). In another embodiment, valency platform molecules comprising aminooxy groups are provided. The aminooxy groups can be used to form covalent bonds with biological molecules such as poly(amino acids). The aminooxy groups can, for example, react with poly(amino acids) modified to contain carbonyl groups, such as glyoxyl groups, to form a conjugate of the valency platform molecule and the biologically active molecule via an oxime bond. The valency platform molecules comprising aminooxy groups are advantageously reactive in the formation of conjugates, and they also can be readily synthesized to form a composition with very low polydispersity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an initiator system for radical polymerizations, which is characterized in that a combination of compounds of general formulas (I) and (II) is used, wherein: R′, R″, R′″ and R″″, are selected independently of one another, and represent; a) branched and unbranched C1 to C18 alkyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkenyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkynyl radical; b) C1 to C18 alkyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkenyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkynyl radicals, which are all substituted for at least one OH group or for a halogen atom or for a silyl ether; c) C2-C18 hetero-alkyl radicals having at least one O atom and/or an NR group in the carbon chain, whereby R is selected from one of groups a), b) or d) to g); d) C1-C18 alkyl radicals, C3-C18 alkenyl radicals, C3-C18 alkynyl radical, which are all substituted for at least one ester group, amine group, carbonate group and/or epoxy group and/or for sulfur and/or for sulfur compounds, especially thioether or dithio compounds; e) C3-C12

Abstract: The invention provides novel adamantane compounds having one of the following formulas: wherein: R1 and R3 are H, OH, alkyl, cycloalkyl, amino or aryl, and can be the same or different; R2 is H, NH2, alkyl, OH, COOH, amino, amide, or carbamate; R4-R8 are H, OH, NH2, alkyl, OH, COOH, ester, amino, amide, or alkyloxy, and can be the same or different; R9-R14 are H, alkyl, or phenyl, and can be the same or different; and wherein when any of R1-R8 is amino, the compounds are the free bases and their acid addition salts. The present invention also relates to compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing neurological and inflammatory disorders in a patient by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of formula (I), (II) or (III) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl-substituted amines, acids, amino acids and thioether acid compounds containing a perfluoroalkyl-iodoalkyl or perfluoroalkyl-alkene group as well as derivatives thereof, are described. They are useful as surfactants in a variety of applications where low surface tensions are required, including coating formulations for glass, wood, metal, cement, paper, textiles, as foam control agents in polyurethane foams and especially in aqueous fire-fighting formulations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of a mixture comprising: A) at least one stable hindered nitroxyl compound having the structural formula: wherein R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and heteroatom-substituted alkyl and R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and X1 and X2 (1) are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, COOR7, —S—COR7, —OCOR7, (wherein R7 is alkyl or aryl), amido, —S—C6H5, carbonyl, alkenyl, or alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or (2) taken together, form a ring structure with the nitrogen; and B) at least one inhibitor selected from the group consisting of ortho-quinone, ortho-hydroquinone, para-quinone, para-hydroquinone, and derivatives of the foregoing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the reprocessing respectively purification of aqueous solutions of a tertiary amine oxide, particularly of process waters, e.g. used precipitation baths, which occur during the production of cellulosic moulded bodies, comprising the separation of turbidifying agents and solid impurities from the solution. The process in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the turbidifying agents and impurities are at least partly separated by means of a flotation process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing nitroxides, which consists in oxidising, in a two-phase medium, using an aliphatic peroxide, secondary amines with steric hindrance or having a —CH in the nitrogen atom &agr;.

Abstract: The invention provides novel adamantane compounds having one of the following formulas: 1

Abstract: Methods of preparing cellulose materials, which methods comprise (a) reacting a cellulosic material with a first basic component to form alkli cellulose; (b) reacting the alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide and a second basic component to form a cellulose xanthate solution; and (c) extruding the cellulose xanthate into an aqueous coagulation bath; wherein a reaction product of an epoxide of the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and an amine compound of the general formula (II): wherein R2 and R3 each independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of —CnH2n—O)m—H, alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and hydrogen, wherein n represents 2 or 3 and m represents a number of from about 1 to about 20; is present in at least one of the cellulose xanthate solution and the aqueous coagulation bath, are described.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a series of derivatives of novel ether diamine compounds prepared by the cyanobutylation reaction of an alcohol having 3 to 22 carbon atoms with 2-pentenenitrile to form a branched alkyl ether nitrile. The etheraminonitriles formed by the process are hydrogenated to form alkylether amines. The resulting product can be reacted with 2-pentenenitrile and or acrylonitrile and in a subsequent step, hydrogenated to yield a diamine. Specifically, the present invention deals with two types of tertiary amines one made by the reaction of novel ether diamines compounds with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide or mixtures thereof, producing alkoxylated tertiary amines and the other made by the reaction of novel ether amine compounds with formaldehyde and hydrogen producing methylated tertiary amines. The invention also disclosed novel amine oxides, and quaternary compounds made from said tertiary amines.

Abstract: For the preparation of a multimodal polymer at least one monomer is subjected to free radical polymerization in the presence of several alkoxyamines comprising the sequence of formula: 1

Abstract: PBN (&agr;-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone), and its derivatives nitrone-based free radical traps, significantly reduce preneoplastic nodule development as well as inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation at very low levels. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer development has been strongly implicated for many years. The involvement of ROS has been strongly implicated in cancer development is a model system where feeding a choline deficiency (CD) diet to rats leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Administering PBN in the drinking water inhibits HCC formation. Preneoplastic nodule growth in the liver is significantly suppressed by administering PBN, or some ofits natural metabolites, in the diet. The effectiveness of PBN in preventing HCC development in the CD liver model is considered due to its prevention of tumor development after the target cells have already been initiated, i.e.genetically changed into tumor cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chromotropic nitrone spin trapping agents, methods of making these agents, compositions comprising same, and methods of their use. In particular, azulenyl nitrones of the present invention are effective agents for trapping free radical species and find use as efficient antioxidants in physicochemical and biological systems. Accordingly, the invention also relates to spin adducts formed from the combination of azulenyl nitrones with free radicals. The compounds of the present invention are readily prepared from available starting materials and find further use in assays and in a number of diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic applications, including but not limited to the alleviation, modulation and inhibition of the negative effects of carbon-centered or oxygen-centered radical species and other products of oxidation. Moreover, the combination adducts may be colorimetrically detected and, optionally, isolated and characterized to obtain valuable information (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chromotropic nitrone spin trapping agents, methods of making these agents, compositions comprising same, and methods of their use. In particular, azulenyl nitrones of the present invention are effective agents for trapping free radical species and find use as efficient antioxidants in physicochemical and biological systems. Accordingly, the invention also relates to spin adducts formed from the combination of azulenyl nitrones with free radicals. The compounds of the present invention are readily prepared from available starting materials and find further use in assays and in a number of diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic applications, including but not limited to the alleviation, modulation and inhibition of the negative effects of carbon-centered or oxygen-centered radical species and other products of oxidation. Moreover, the combination adducts may be calorimetrically detected and, optionally, isolated and characterized to obtain valuable information (e.g.

Abstract: Exothermic oxidation of tertiary amine with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction medium formed or being formed from tertiary amine, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, and optionally chelating agent and/or additional water, is initiated at about 15 to about 25.degree. C., and while agitating the reaction mixture, the temperature is allowed to rise adiabatically to a temperature in the range of about 50 to about 100.degree. C. In this way, it is possible to produce tertiary amine oxides with very low levels, if any, of nitrosamine impurity, without addition of metal and/or phosphorus-containing components recommended in the prior art. Even though a substantial portion of the reaction is performed at temperatures in the range of about 50-100.degree. C., nitrosamine content, if any, in the resultant tertiary amine oxide product can be well below 30 ppb, and the free amine content, if any, can be well below 0.3 wt %.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition of matter for delivering nitric oxide. The composition is an amine that was reacted with nitric oxide. The composition of matter is lipophilic and insoluble and therefore delivers nitric oxide to the specific area of the body where it is introduced. Also, a method of synthesizing an amine and reacting it with nitric oxide to form the pharmaceutical composition of matter. Finally, a method of using the pharmaceutical composition of matter to deliver nitric oxide to the body.

Abstract: A process for producing tertiary amine oxide having two methyl or ethyl groups and one long chain primary aliphatic group in a stable, solid form is described. Aqueous 65-90% hydrogen peroxide and tertiary amine having two methyl or ethyl groups and one primary aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8-24 carbon atoms are mixed in proportions of ca. 1.1-1.3 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of tertiary amine in the presence of carbon dioxide and in the absence of organic solvent. When the conversion of the tertiary amine to tertiary amine oxide in the reaction mass has reached ca. 60-90%, the reaction mass is transferred to a separate vessel and the reaction mass is then allowed to solidify at a temperature of ca. 20-60.degree. C. The process makes possible the production of highly pure solid product without formation of any appreciable amounts of undesirable by-products.

Abstract: The claimed process consists in treating the tertiary amine oxide with a sulphite or a bleach activator.

Abstract: This invention provides aqueous film-forming foamable (AFFF) compositions comprising one or more environmentally-friendly .alpha.-branched fluoroalkylcarbonyl group-containing surfactants.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein:X is O, --NH, or a group of formula NR', wherein R and R' are independently selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenylalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted with halo, haloalkyl,alkyl, alkoxy or nitro; and a N-containing heterocyclic ring;R.sup.1 is H or alkanoyl,R.sup.2 is H or hydroxy optionally acylated with alkanoyl, andR.sup.3 is a group of the formula --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected fromH, alkyl, and a group of the formula --CO--NH--R wherein R is as defined above, orwherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 when taken together form a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain one additional hetero atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and which is optionally substituted with alkyl or phenylalkyl.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the purification of an aqueous solution of a tertiary amine-oxide containing impurities partially present in a dissolved and partially in a non-dissolved, colloidal state, and is characterized by a combination of the steps of(A) removing from the aqueous solution substantially all of said impurities present in a non-dissolved, colloidal state and(B) contacting said aqueous solution obtained in step (A) with an ion exchanger.