Abstract: A novel stereochemical mixture of 1,6-diaryl-2,5-diaminohexanes, such as a mixture of stereoisomers of 1,6-diphenylhexane-2,5-diamine, is described. Also described are methods of preparing stereochemically pure 1,6-diaryl-2,5-diaminohexanes, and particularly stereochemically pure 1,6-diphenyl-2,5-diaminohexane. Also described is the use of both the mixture of stereoisomers and the individual stereoisomers.

Abstract: Many optically active amines are valuable pharmaceuticals and intermediates for the preparation of active compounds. It is frequently the case that only one of the two enantiomers is active or not harmful, so that isolation of this enantiomer from the racemic mixture is necessary. Processes for racemate resolution make it possible to separate racemic mixtures into their enantiomers. Here, it is useful to once again racemize the enantiomer which is not required and recirculate it to racemate resolution and thus improve the yield of the desired enantiomer. The present invention relates to processes for the racemization of optically active amines, in particular arylalkylamines, in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst comprising nickel, cobalt and copper as active components at elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel stereospecific synthesis of (?)(2S,3S)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl pentan-3-ol an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-[(1R,2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]phenol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tolterodine and the L-tartrate thereof. The preparation consists of the following steps: A) ammonolysis reaction between diisopropylamine and compound 2 (3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2H-benzopyran-2-one) activated by an activator to afford the amide 3; B) reduction of the amide by a reductant to give compound 1, i.e., racemic tolterodine free base; C) Resolution of the tolterodine free base to afford tolterodine L-tartrate. The present route is very short and suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the preparation of diol intermediates having the formula (II) and/or the opposite enantiomer of an acylated diol having the formula (IV) useful for the preparation of escitalopram involving selective enzymatic acylation or deacylation.

Abstract: The present patent application relates to an improved process for the separation of enantiomerically pure compounds. Specifically it relates to separation of enantiomerically enriched Rivastigmine, Duloxetine, Escitalopram and their intermediates in high yields.

Abstract: A process for resolving a compound in racemic form comprising the following steps is described: a) reacting a compound in racemic form with a resolving agent, b) forming a diastereoisomeric complex of the resolving agent and an enantiomer of interest, c) separating the enantiomer of interest from the obtained diastereoisomer, wherein such a process is characterized in that said resolving agent is a compound of Formula (I). A diastereoisomeric complex between the resolving agent of Formula (I) and the enantiomer of interest is also described. The process according to the invention allows acid and basic racemic mixtures to be separated.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the isolation of a stereoisomer from a mixture comprising the two stereoisomers of the general formulae (I-A) and (I-A?) and/or the two stereoisomers of the general formulae (I-B) and (I-B?) in which R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, are selected from the group consisting of —H, —F, —Cl, —C1-C6-alkyl, —S—C1-C6-alkyl, —OH, —O—C1-C6-alkyl, —O—C1-C6-alkylenephenyl, —OCO—C1-C6-alkyl, —OCON(C1-C6-alkyl)2 and —O—SiR8R9R10 (in which R8, R9 and R10, identical or different, are —C1-C6-alkyl or -phenyl); R4 is —H or —C1-C6-alkyl; R5 is —C1-C6-alkyl; and R6 and R7, identical or different, are —H or —C1-C6-alkyl; or their salts with organic or inorganic acids; comprising the step (a) manipulating the mixture ratio of the stereoisomers in the mixture so that at least one of the stereoisomers is present in an enantiomeric excess.

Abstract: A process for resolving a compound in racemic form comprising the following steps is described: a) reacting a compound in racemic form with a resolving agent, b) forming a diastereoisomeric complex of the resolving agent and an enantiomer of interest, c) separating the enantiomer of interest from the obtained diastereoisomer, wherein such a process is characterized in that said resolving agent is a compound of Formula (I). A diastereoisomeric complex between the resolving agent of Formula (I) and the enantiomer of interest is also described. The process according to the invention allows acid and basic racemic mixtures to be separated.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alanine racemase chiral binaphthol derivative having the ability to recognize amino alcohols selectively on the basis of chirality and transform amino acids from an L-form into a D-form. Methods for the optical resolution of amino acid or amino alcohol and for the optical transformation of D- and L-forms of amino acids using the binaphthol derivative are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for obtaining (1S,4S)N-methyl-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneamine from a mixture of its isomers. The process involves isomerising the 1-position and the 4-position and effecting separation of the desired isomer by methods such as fractured crystallization. The process can be operated as a continuous process.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclo-hexylamine (isophoronediamine, IPDA) having a high cis/trans isomer ratio. IPDA having a cis/trans isomer ratio in the range from 63/37 to 66/34 can be obtained in any desired cis/trans isomer ratio, irrespective of temperature, by reacting IPDA with H2 and NH3 in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. IPDA having a cis/trans isomer ratio of at least 73/27 which is an important starting material for the synthesis of polyurethanes and polyamides can be obtained by combining this isomerization process with distillative processes.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing chirally pure S-enantiomers of &agr;-amino acids comprising the steps of: a) preparing an organometallic reagent from an alkyl halide of the formula (R)2CH(CH2)nCH2X; b) adding the organometallic reagent to carbon dioxide to afford a carboxylic acid; c) activating the carboxylic acid with an acid chloride, phosphorus trichloride, acid anhydride, or thionyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary amine base; d) reacting the product of step c) with an alkali metal salt of S-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone; e) treating the product of step d) with a strong non-nucleophilic base to form an enolate anion; f) trapping the enolate anion with 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl azide to afford an oxazolidinone azide; g) hydrolyzing the oxazolidinone azide with an aqueous base to afford an &agr;-azido acid; h) reducing the &agr;-azido acid to the &agr;-amino acid; and i) recrystallizing the &agr;-amino acid to the chirally pure &agr;-amino acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing the optically pure (−) isomer of amlodipine. This compound is a potent drug for the treatment of hypertension while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the racemic mixture of amlodipine. The (−) isomer of amlodipine is also useful for the treatment of angina and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of (−) amlodipine as a calcium channel antagonist such as cerebral ischemia, cerebral disorders, arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy, coronary vasospasm, myocardial infarction, renal impairment and acute renal failure, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the racemic mixture of amlodipine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising S-tofisopam substantially free of R-tofisopam, and methods for treating or preventing convulsions and/or seizures comprising administration of the composition to subjects in need of treatment therefor. Also provided are compositions and methods for treating or preventing convulsions and/or seizures comprising administering S-tofisopam substantially free of R-tofisopam with another anti-convulsant.

Abstract: Optically active amines of the formula I where R1 and R2 are different and R1, R2, R3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic radicals and R3 may also be hydrogen (H), with the radicals being able to bear substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino, are racemized by reacting the optically active amine I in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation or dehydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature, wherein the catalyst comprises the active components copper and zinc oxide and a support material.

Abstract: Optically active amines of the formula I where R1 and R2 are different and R1, R2, R3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic radicals and R3 may also be hydrogen (H), with the radicals being able to bear substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino, are racemized by reacting the optically active amine I in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation or dehydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature, wherein the catalyst comprises the active components copper and zinc oxide and a support material.

Abstract: Racemic amino derivatives of the formula are prepared by a new process which comprises reacting an optically active amide of the formula in which with a strong base, optionally in the presence of an organic diluent and, if desired, reacting the resulting racemic amide. either a) with water in the presence of a base or an acid and optionally in the presence of an organic diluent, or b) if the compound of the formula (I) is an amide in which R3 is hydrogen, with an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Improved processes for preparation of high enantiomeric purity compounds center on resolution using simulated moving bed chromatography of a racemic precursor early in the synthesis. Resolution is effected with high enantiomeric purity, and subsequent reactions of the desired enantiomer performed with high optical specificity to maintain enantiomeric purity. The undesired enantiomer is racemized and recycled to the resolution phase to avoid loss.

Abstract: Improved processes for preparation of sertraline or sertraline analogs in high enantiomeric purity centers on resolution using simulated moving bed chromatography of isomeric racemic sertraline or sertraline analogs. Resolution is effected with high enantiomeric purity, and the undesired enantiomer may be racemized and recycled to the resolution phase to avoid loss.

Abstract: Optically active amines of the formula I 1

Abstract: Methods of making and using racemic and optically pure metabolites of sibutramine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and clathrates thereof, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms are also disclosed which comprise a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, such as a racemic or optically pure sibutramine metabolite, and optionally an additional pharmacologically active compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of splitting 1-amino-alkan-2-ol compounds of general formula: in which the group R can represent a wide variety of linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, comprising up to about 20 to 25 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms. These groups can possibly have one or more double bonds, one or more hetero-atoms such as oxygen or sulfur so long as these are to be found separated from the asymmetric carbon atom by at least one carbon link and do not destroy the aliphatic nature of the group R. These groups can also be substituted by one or more halogen atoms such as chlorine or lower alkoxy groups such as methoxy or ethoxy groups.

Abstract: Benzoyl derivatives of the formula (I), process for their preparation and their use as herbicides and plant growth regulators are described. In this formula (I), R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are various organic radicals, Q is isothiazole, isoxazole, cyclohexanedione or a &bgr;-ketonitrile radical and A, B, E and X are divalent units containing one or more atoms.

Abstract: Improved processes for preparation of the (S)-oxetines in high enantiomeric purity centers on resolution using simulated moving bed chromatography of a racemic precursor early in the oxetine synthesis. Resolution is effected with high enantiomeric purity, and subsequent reactions of the desired enantiomer performed with high optical specificity to maintain enantiomeric purity. The undesired enantiomer may be racemized and recycled to the resolution phase to avoid loss.

Abstract: Optically active amines are racemized by reaction of the optically active amine in the gas phase at elevated temperature in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation or dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for racemizing optically active amines by reacting the optically active amine in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation or dehydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature, the reaction is carried out in liquid phase and the catalyst comprises the catalytically active constituents copper, silver, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and/or platinum and a support material selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, carbon and/or oxygen compounds of silicon.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an enantiomer of an alkoxyamine represented by formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl group. A feed containing an enantiomer of the alkoxyamine is passed over a nickel or cobalt catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and ammonia. The racemic mixture formed by this method contains substantially no by-products.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of racemic amines of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are different and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic radicals and R.sup.3 can also be hydrogen, where the radicals can bear substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino, which comprises simultaneously reacting in situ the corresponding optically active amine I and the secondary alcohol of the formula II and/or the unsymmetrical ketone of the formula III ##STR2## and the amine of the formula R.sup.3 NH.sub.2 in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst or dehydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new method for producing optically active 1-phenylethylamines, wherein (a) racemic 1-phenylethylamines are reacted with (S)-(-)-N-phenylcarbamate lactic acid in the presence of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon and in the presence of a lower aliphatic alcohol, wherein the reaction components are measured so that for every mole of racemic amine, between 0.25 and 0.5 mole of (S)-(-)-N-phenylcarbamate lactic acid are present, the reaction mixture is then concentrated at a liquid-phase temperature of up to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for racemising an optically-enriched chiral amine of the formula: R.sup.1 --CH(NR.sup.3 R.sup.4)--R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is aromatic or unsaturated alkyl; R.sup.2 is aromatic or alkyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; and wherein any combination(s) of two of the R groups may form a ring; comprises treatment of the optically-enriched amine with a metal hydroxide in an aprotic polar solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a family of chiral .alpha.-substituted benzylamine reagents during chemical synthesis. Specifically, the reagents can be used in an auxiliary manner to deliver either a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom while simultaneously bestowing an asymmetric bias toward the formation and separation of the diastereomeric intermediates that result from reaction of the reagents with racemic substrates also having one or more asymmetric atoms. The chiral auxiliary portion of the reagents can then be readily removed at some later and convenient stage of the overall synthetic scheme. The initial nitrogen-delivery reaction, asymmetric separation procedures, and removal of the chiral auxiliary can all be conducted under routine experimental conditions, including the final debenzylation, such that the overall method is adaptable to large-scale chemistry.

Abstract: Improved processes for preparation of the (S)-oxetines in high enantiomeric purity centers on resolution using simulated moving bed chromatography of a racemic precursor early in the oxetine synthesis. Resolution is effected with high enantiomeric purity, and subsequent reactions of the desired enantiomer performed with high optical specificity to maintain enantiomeric purity. The undesired enantiomer may be racemized and recycled to the resolution phase to avoid undesired losses.

Abstract: In accordance with a novel process, (R)-amines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and n have the meanings given in the description, can be prepared by reacting reating N-acyl-amines of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and n have the meanings given in the description,with lipases which are suitable for cleaving the (R)-enantiomers of N-acyl-amines of the formula (II), in the presence of water and optionally in the presence of an organic diluent, at a pH of between 3.0 and 10.0 and at temperatures of between 0.degree. C. and 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the racemization of optically active amines of the formula (I), where Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl and R is alkyl, in whicha) (I) is reacted with the ketone (II) in which Ar and R have the same meanings as for (I), to give the condensation product (III), ##STR1## b) (III) is racemized by treatment with base, ##STR2## c) the arylalkylamine (I) is liberated as racemate from racemic (III) by reaction with optically active (I).

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active 1,4-bridged-cyclohexane carboxylic acid derivatives which are clinically important thromboxane A.sub.2 thromboxane of formula (IV): ##STR1## wherein, R is phenyl or phenyl substituted with hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halogen, or lower alkyl; Y is oxygen, methylene, substituted methylene; m is 0 or 1; n is 0, 1 or 2; q is 3 or 4 with the proviso that when m is 1, n is 0 or 1 from an optically active norbornyl amine derivative.

Abstract: A method of preparing the enantiomers of O-demethyltramadol and the use of the enantiomers as pain-killing drugs are described.

Abstract: A method of producing optically active tert-leucinol (formula I) of high enantiomeric purity ##STR1## by converting racemic (RS)-tert-leucinol into a diastereomeric salt pair by reaction with an optically active acid, removing the salt pair from solution by fractionated crystallization and separating therefrom the optically active acid to release the optically active tert-leucinol from the salt. The optically active acid used is an N-acylated tert-leucine of general formula VIII: ##STR2## in which R can be hydrogen or an alkyl-, arylalkyl- or aryl group with up to 20 C atoms and * signifies a chirality center.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel diastereomeric acid addition salts of homochiral hydroxylamines, to processes for obtaining such, to processes for the conversion thereof to the corresponding homochiral hydroxylamines, to certain novel homochiral hydroxylamines and the processes for using these as intermediates.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of 1-aminoindan and their salts are described. Optically active 1-aminoindan derivatives are prepared by reacting a N-benzyl analog of the desired compound with an enantiomer of mandelic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active secondary amine compounds and salts thereof having the general formula (I): ##STR1## a process for the preparation of the optically active secondary amine compounds and salts thereof, and the use of such compounds. Such compounds exhibit a high resolution power and hence are useful agents for optical resolution.

Abstract: Benzyl alcohols having a chiral center at the benzylic carbon can be conveniently racemized by treatment with solid acids which are strongly acidic cation exchange materials. Racemization may be effected generally in the range from 20.degree.-150.degree. C. in aqueous or partly aqueous systems in combination with a water-miscible organic solvent to improve solubility of the alcohol. Similar racemizations may be effected for benzyl ethers and esters. This process is valuable for recycling of unwanted enantiomers obtained in the resolution of racemic mixtures.

Abstract: Optically-active, amphiphilic, free-radical addition copolymers having an optically-active hydrophobic portion and an ionic hydrophilic portion are effective resolving agents. This utility is based on a unique combination of properties, viz., water solubility, chirality and amphiphilicity, i.e., having a dual hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 3-substituted derivatives of 1-amino-2-hydroxy-propane in the form of single diastereoisomers, to certain of these diastereoisomers, and to compounds which are intermediates in the new process of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active secondary amine compounds and salts thereof having the general formula (I): ##STR1## a process for the preparation of the optically active secondary amine compounds and salts thereof, and the use of such compounds. Such compounds exhibit a high resolution power and hence are useful agents for optical resolution.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalytically reducing imines, oximes, hydrazones and related compounds. Moreover, there is provided a process for the catalytic asymmetric reduction of imines, oximes, hydrazones, and the like, using enantiomerically enriched catalysts, to provide chiral amine reaction products which are enriched in one enantiomer. Catalytic asymmetric reduction can also be carried out using an achiral precatalyst in combination with aThe U.S. Government has rights in this invention pursuant to NIH Grant Number GM 34917.

Abstract: A novel process for producing hindered and unhindered primary amines represented by the formula RNH.sub.2 and R*NH.sub.2 in high yields from novel intermediates RBMe.sub.2 or R*BMe.sub.2 wherein R is an organo group, R* is a chiral organo group. attached to boron, B is boron and Me is methyl.

Abstract: Intermediates for transforming (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1,3-propanediols into their (2R,3R)-enantiomers are described. The final compounds are useful intermediates for the synthesis of antibiotics like Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol and Florfenicol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral supports and to their use in the asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion of organic chiral compounds. In particular, the supports are used in combination with thermal equilibration of a species having a reactive achiral portion. Preferably, these supports are obtained by the copolymerization of at least one chiral unit and at least one functionalizing unit or by the polymerization of at least one chiral unit which is a source of said functionalizing unit. Optionally, a crosslinking agent is utilized. By utilizing these supports and thermal equilibration, excess enantiomers can be produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral polymers and to their uses for operations of asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion.These polymers are characterized in that they comprise:a chiral unita functionalizing unitan optional crosslinking unitApplication to chiral organic synthesis.