Abstract: The invention provides a composition, kit and method for hybridizing a probe and target at a temperature lower than their standard hybridization temperature. The chemical component added to the composition has a formula R(NH2)C?O, where R is amino or alkyl. A method for use of the chemical component and composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides N-aryloxypropanolyl-N?-phenethyl-urea derivatives of formula 3, method for their preparation and use thereof as potent appetite suppressants for treatment of obesity wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, 2, 3 or 4-trifluoromethyl, 2, 3, or 4-chloro, 2, 3, or 4-bromo, 4-acetyl, 4-propionyl, 4-acetamido, 2,3 or 4 methoxy, 4 nitrile, 2,3 or 4-methyl, and 4 formyl and X is S or O.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition, kit and method for hybridizing a probe and target at a temperature lower than their standard hybridization temperature. The chemical component added to the composition has a formula R(NH2)C═O, where R is amino or alkyl. A method for use of the chemical component and composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide novel urea derivatives which have TNF-&agr; production inhibitory effects and are useful as therapeutic agents for various diseases, particularly as therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The urea derivatives according to the present invention are compounds represented by the formula [I] and salts thereof. In the formula, R1 is H, alkyl, phenyl or a group of the formula [`I]; R2 is H, alkyl, carboxyl or ester thereof or the like; R3 and R4 are each H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or the like; R5 is H, alkyl, hydroxy or the like; R6 is a nitrogen aromatic heterocycle; and A1 and A2 are alkylene.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein the groups are as defined in the description are disclosed. The compounds of formula (I) are endowed with reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and are useful in the preparation of medicaments useful in the pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase, such as hyperglycemia, diabetes and pathologies related thereto, heart failure, ischemia.

Abstract: A process for producing an urea preparation of reduced particle-size and narrow particle-size distribution by using an air milling process is provided. Also provided is an urea preparation of reduced particle-size, narrow particle-size distribution, and high purity.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of an effective amount of certain N,N-dialkyl urea compounds of the structure ##STR1## where R and R' are independently C1 to C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl with the sum of the carbon atoms in both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being 6 to 12.

Abstract: New sulfur dyes comprising in their preparation at least one sulfur dye intermediate of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are independently nitro, nitroso or amino, are produced by including in their preparation at least one modifying agent selected from the group of: A) an aldehyde; B) urea; C) a benzoquinone or naphthoquinone; and D) monoethanolamine or by treating an already prepared sulfur dye involving such an intermediate in its preparation, with at least one aldehyde, benzoquinone or naphthoquinone or with monoethanolamine.

Abstract: A process for recovery of solid and reusable urea from the urea adduction process. Refinery streams are subjected to a step of urea adduction for removal of unwanted branched products, aromatics and sulphur. The adduct is purified, dried and then subjected to the step of mechanical shearing.

Abstract: Calcium nitrate-urea adduct, a product having the formula ?Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.4CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 !, is obtained by means of a process which basically consists of the following steps:mixing molten urea and calcium nitrate;feeding the resulting solution to a turbodryer;feeding the resulting molten salt to a granulator drum;recovery of calcium nitrate-urea adduct.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacturing of synthetic gas according to which the following stages are performed within a single housing:partial combustion in a non catalytic combustion chamber,contacting of the combustion gases with a catalytic element,complementary injection of oxidizer in the catalytic bed.According to the invention, maximum direct contact is provided between the combustion gases and a surface of the catalytic bed so as to reduce the formation of soots.

Abstract: A composition for thermal energy storage or thermal energy generation comprising a silica based gel or dry powder in the form of silica particles containing a water/urea phase change material for thermal energy storage or an endothermic or exothermic compound for thermal energy generation. The water/urea phase change material stores and releases at least 50 cal/gm of thermal energy in freezing and melting, and has a melting and a freezing point in the range of -11.degree. C. to -15.degree. C. The endothermic compound is preferably ammonium nitrate, urea, or combinations thereof. The exothermic compound is preferably calcium oxide or calcium chloride. The thermal energy storage composition may find use in a variety of applications including medical wraps, food servingware, and "blue ice" for cold packs or food storage.

Abstract: Urea increases the solute content of a fertilizer comprising water and at least two different nitrate-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, alkali metal nitrates, and alkaline earth metal nitrates. In addition, urea enhances plant uptake of alkaline earth metals. Particularly favored are quaternary aqueous solutions containing urea, calcium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition is provided which is characterized by high mechanical resistance, anti-caking properties, and a substantially white color, and which fertilizer includes urea and a hydrosoluble additive selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, solutions of phosphoric acid in water, and phosphoric acid containing compositions, the additive containing P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in an amount sufficient to provide the fertilizer composition with a content of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 by weight of the fertilizer composition of between about 0.2% to about 7.0% such that the fertilizer composition possesses high mechanical resistance and a low tendency to lumping while maintaining a substantially white color and without affecting the capacity of dissolution thereof.

Abstract: A complex composition formed by the product resulting from the action of urea on a sludge of petroleum origin containing by weight from 50 to 99% of sulfuric acid and from 1 to 20% of organic residues. The acid sludge may contain water and often comes from an alkylation reaction. This composition can be used as a source of fertilizing material or as a component of a fertilizing formulation.

Abstract: The invention is intended to provide novel solid state displacement elements that have an extent of displacement. The solid state displacement element has an intercalation compound in which a polar compound (B) is mixed with an inorganic layered compound (A), and produces a strain when a voltage is applied.

Abstract: Urea increases the solute content of a fertilizer comprising water and at least two different nitrate-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, alkali metal nitrates, and alkaline earth metal nitrates. In addition, urea enhances plant uptake of alkaline earth metals. Particularly favored are quaternary aqueous solutions containing urea, calcium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: Process for the hydrolysis of urea contained in the process water from plants for the synthesis of urea consisting of the thermic treatment of the water containing urea and of the removal by stripping of the compounds from decomposition of the urea (CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3) in a series of stages in series with superimposed flow.The equipment is a vertical column with superimposed modules with weirs which penetrate in two successive modules and give the solution a rising movement.

Abstract: Process for the industrial synthesis of urea, by reacting ammonia (NH.sub.3) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in at least one reaction space, at high pressures and temperatures and by recirculating at least part of the non-reacted products obtained in a recovery section, characterized by the fact that the following takes place : a synthesis reaction A) between highly pure reagents, and a synthesis reaction B) between less pure reagents, substantially recycled from the said recovery section, the reaction A) being either of adiabatic type A1) or with partial reaction heat removal A2).

Abstract: Process for the industrial synthesis of urea, in which ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are reacted in at least one reaction space SR at high temperature and pressure and the unreacted materials are treated in a recovery section, said synthesis comprising: a) a reaction between highly pure reagents; and b) a reaction between less pure reagents substantially recycled from said recovery section, characterized by the fact that reaction stage A for high Yield majority synthesis (HEPC), between very pure reagents, operating at a higher pressure (Pmax) for example above 300 kg/cm2 abs and preferably at about 400 kg/cm2 abs, is followed by a flash stage F1 operating at pressures lower by at least 40% than said pressure (Pmax) preferably lower than 200 kg/cm2 abs, the gas effluent GF1 from the above-mentioned flash stage F1 being fed to reaction stage B for minority synthesis of less pure reagents operating at a pressure below 200 kg/cm2 abs, while the liquid effluent EL1 from the abovementioned flash stage, to

Abstract: According to the present invention, a .beta.-dicarbonyl functionality, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturation functionality, or a vinylogous amide functionality is incorporated into an aminoplast resin or an aminoplast resin precursor.

Abstract: A new method of preparing a new aminoureaformaldehyde fertilizer composition which exhibits high cold water insoluble nitrogen (CWIN) levels and high Availability Indices (AI). The method utilizes the discoveries that ammonia compounds, usually ammonium salts, inhibit the urea-formaldehyde polymerization reaction and decrease the formation of hot water insoluble nitrogen (HWIN), and that the ammonium compounds take part in the reaction to form controlled release compounds which are both cold water soluble and insoluble. The process is carried out at elevated temperatures between 60 and 125.degree. F., so that it may be completed in an order of magnitude less time than either the dilute or concentrated conventional commercial ureaform processes, requiring between 2 and 20 minutes for completion. In the process, between 3 and 25 percent of the total nitrogen is supplied as ammonia nitrogen with the remainder from urea, respective formaldehyde to urea to ammonia mol ratio is 1.0, between 1.0 and 2.

Abstract: Method for obtaining an organic polycrystalline material having in particular electro-optical properties, said material obtained and an electro-optical modulator comprising said material.This method includes a stage (1) for preparing a powder having a size grading of 500 to 800 nm of an organic compound having a delocalized system of electrons .pi. and presenting a non-centrosymmetrical crystalline structure, as well as intramolecular load transfer groupings, a stage (2) for drying the powder under vacuum, a stage (3) for pre-pressing the powder under vacuum, and a hot stage (5) for the uniaxial compression of the dried powder under vacuum.This method enables polycrystalline materials to be obtained, said materials comprising elongated monocrystalline grains orientated according to a given direction.

Abstract: A tert-amine which contains an acid-activated color body precursor is treated to prevent it or a derivative thereof, e.g., an amine oxide, betaine, or quaternary ammonium compound, from turning pink when exposed to acidic conditions by contacting it with an amido compound containing a --CO.NH-- group.

Abstract: Process for producing a secondary amine terminated polyether from a primary amine terminated polyether in which the primary amine terminated polyether is reacted at elevated temperature with a carbonyl compound in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst composition comprising nickel, ruthenium and at least one other transition metal selected from the second or third row transition metals. The amount of carbonyl compound employed is in excess of the stoichiometric amount required to react completely with the ether. The secondary amine terminated polyethers are useful in the formation of polyurea elastomers.

Abstract: Urea fertilizer is treated with a modified lignosulfonate to harden and provide anti-caking and anti-dusting properties to the fertilizer particles. The fertilizer/modified lignosulfonate mixture includes up to about 5.0% by weight modified lignosulfonate on fertilizer. An improved method of treating urea fertilizer with a modified lignosulfonate is also disclosed.

Abstract: Urea and sulfuric acid are reacted in an air-water spray in cocurrent heat exchange therewith to produce concentrated urea-sulfuric acid solutions.

Abstract: A method for processing exposed and developed photographic silver dye-bleach materials, in which the exposed and developed material is treated with aqueous bleaching preparations which contain (a) an acid component, (b) a silver complexing agent, (c) one or more bleach catalysts, (d) optionally an antioxidant, (e) optionally a water-soluble oxidizing agent and (f) optionally a bleaching accelerator.A water-soluble and as a rule solid adduct of an acid amide or a lactam and a strong mineral acid is used as acid component (a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing carbamic acid derivatives of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic radical, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, and Y denotes OR, SR, ##STR2## groups, R being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical or together form a ring, and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 denote a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, a hydrogen atom, an alkylthio radical or an alkyloxy radical.According to the process, a compound of formula ##STR3## is reacted with an .alpha.-halogenated derivative of formula ##STR4## at a temperature of -5.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a technique and provides for apparatus eminently useful for reducing the amount of sulfur currently needed by industry to coat water-soluble fertilizer materials such as, for example, granular or prilled urea. A further advantage of and benefits derived from the practice of the instant invention relates to the production of sulfur-coated urea products which have substantially higher nitrogen values than do urea products produced by prior art processes.

Abstract: One approach to improving storage stability, particularly that attribute characterized by reduction in the tendency for caking during storage of freshly prepared urea particles such as granules, is to treat the surface areas of the freshly prepared particles/granules with appropriate amounts and kinds of conditioning agents. This approach does not address the problem of increasing the hardness of the particles to impart improved high-strength characteristics thereto. A second approach to this problem of improving storage stability of urea granules is to admix and/or react certain anticaking and hardness improving additives into or with the urea melt prior to the solidification of urea particulates therefrom. The instant invention is directed to this second approach of imparting to the ultimately prepared urea particles both improved anticaking and hardness (as opposed to being easily crushed, i.e., friable) characteristics by means of addition to the urea melt of certain additives.

Abstract: A catalytic process has been found to produce urea or its equivalent, NH.sub.4 NCO, under relatively mild pressure and temperature conditions. This process entails flowing a gas mixture containing NO.sub.x, CO, and a source of hydrogen such as H.sub.2 or H.sub.2 C over a hydrogenation catalyst such as platinum. Yields of urea above 90 percent based on NO.sub.x conversion are obtainable.

Abstract: This invention relates to growing single crystals of urea having increased dimensions on the 110-110 faces by physically restricting growth of the 111 faces of a seed crystal while precipitating urea from a saturated alcoholic solution containing ammonium bromide. In addition, this invention relates to a seed crystal holder adapted to modify crystal habit during crystal growth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reaction of phosphate rock with nitric acid and urea to produce nitrogen-phosphorus containing slurries, which slurries, in turn, may be granulated and dried to produce solid N-P fertilizer products with agronomically advantageous low pHs (1.0-4.0). The products have excellent storage characteristics. The improved properties of these products result partially from the formation of a new compound, Ca(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4)(NO.sub.3).CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2, which was discovered during the course of the investigation that led to the instant invention.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of thiocarbamic acid esters by reacting amine compounds having a general formula ##STR1## wherein A is an arylene radical, simple or substituted by halogens hydrocarbon radicals, alkoxy groups, or can be an alkylene radical having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, straight-line or branched, simple or substituted, whereas X can be hydrogen --NH.sub.2 or can be an H.sub.2 --N--Z group in which the bivalent function Z derives from alkyl, aryl, cycloaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl radicals which can be, in their turn, simple or substituted, R and R' equal or different can be hydrogen or alkyl, aryl, alkaryl radicals and otherwise, with carbon monoxide, in the presence of a catalyst composed of a metallic selenide. The thiocarbamic acid esters are known compounds that find applications as medicaments for plants and as intermediates for organic synthesis.

Abstract: Metal oxides are applied to the surface of urea particles and chemically bonded to the urea by a heat-induced reaction. The product of this reaction is a free-flowing, relatively nonhygroscopic nitrogenous chemical fertilizer. By selecting metal oxides corresponding to a particular soil deficiency, beneficial micronutrients can be supplied simultaneously with nitrogen. Other materials, such as elemental sulfur, can be incorporated into the metal oxides prior to coating or can be liquefied and applied as a separate additional coating to the metal oxide-urea particles. In another embodiment, fertilizer particles are coated with metal oxides, covered with molten urea, and heated to induce a reaction. The formed reaction product remains as a layer on the exterior of the particle.

Abstract: A two-stage continuous crystallization process for production of urea phosphate by reaction of impure wet-process orthophosphoric acid (about 54 percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5) and urea with simultaneous addition of a selected acidifying agent (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or phosphoric acid) to clarified mother liquor used as recycle in the process. Addition of the acidifying agent decreases pH in the crystallization process whereby the solubility of a contaminating water-insoluble iron phosphate-urea salt [FeH.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2.2CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 ] is increased, purity of the crystalline urea phosphate product is improved significantly, and the useful storage life of the recycle mother liquor is prolonged.

Abstract: A compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is O or S; wherein n=1 or 0; wherein R is C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl or aralkyl, branched or unbranched, aryl or haloaryl, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl, branched or unbranched; wherein R.sub.1 is OCH.sub.3, and wherein R.sub.2 is OH. These urea derivatives have analgesic and anti-irritant activity when administered to humans and lower animals.

Abstract: Prilling apparatus for producing prills of ammonium nitrate or urea in which a diverging shroud extends from each prilling head. Means for supplying ammonia is connected to the shroud. The prills pass through a quiescent zone of ammonia in the shroud and the generation of fumes from the apparatus is suppressed. In addition, the prills are coated with a layer of ammonia and are more readily cooled.

Abstract: The heat accumulating material of this invention comprising three components of calcium chloride (CaCl.sub.2), urea [CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 ] and water (H.sub.2 O) can have varied temperatures of heat accumulating and heat releasing between 15.degree. C. and 29.5.degree. C. by varying the proportion of said three components, and also has a large latent heat. Hence, much expectation can be placed on it as a heat accumulating material for air conditioning. Moreover, by adding BaFeO.sub.3-x (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.53) as a nucleating agent to the above-mentioned composition, supercooling can be greatly decreased and wider application of this heat accumulating material becomes possible.

Abstract: A novel latent heat accumulative material capable of accumulating heat in a temperature range best suited for the storage of solar energy was obtained by adding an organic compound or compounds such as urea [CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 ]to a system consisting of sodium acetate (CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2 Na) and water (H.sub.2 O). Further addition of a crystal nucleus forming material or materials such as sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.10H.sub.2 O) to said composition could minimize supercooling and allowed a wider scope of application of the present heat accumulative material.

Abstract: The emission of fumes is suppressed from a prilling tower for producing prills of ammonium nitrate or urea by conducting particles from a spray of a melt of the material countercurrent through a stream of air. The spray of the material, as it leaves the prilling head is passed through a stagnant atmosphere of ammonia. In addition, the particles of the spray are coated with ammonia and their cooling by the countercurrent air stream is accelerated. To produce the ammonia atmosphere, a shroud is provided about the spray nozzle or nozzles into which gaseous ammonia is injected.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved annealing process for preparing melamine-urea fertilizer granular agglomerates having increased crush strength.

Abstract: A two stage process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a urea-formaldehyde condensation product comprising: in a first stage, reacting together formaldehyde and urea in a molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea in the ratio from about 2.5 to 1 to about 4.7 to 1 in the presence of a condensation catalyst until the methanol tolerance is in a range such that the condensate is clear and will remain clear, substantially free from precipitated reaction material, upon storage for one year at room temperature, to form an intermediate reaction product, then in a second stage, reacting said intermediate reaction product with an additional amount of urea such that the overall molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is in the range from 0.8 to 1 to about 1.7 to 1, at an acid pH and at an elevated temperature not above about 70.degree.C., until the amount of water insoluble nitrogen present in the reaction mixture is in the range from about 15% to about 35% based on the total amount of nitrogen in the system.

Abstract: Stable, urea-sulfuric acid reaction products of predetermined composition containing mono- and/or diurea sulfates and less than 35 weight percent water are produced from concentrated, urea-sulfuric acid reaction product feeds of different compositions by simultaneously and separately adding a selected feed solution and reactant urea and/or sulfuric acid, and optionally water, to a reaction zone in stoichiometric proportions so that the composition of the total feed to the reaction zone corresponds to the predetermined composition. Reaction temperature is maintained at a level below the incipient decomposition temperature of the predetermined composition, and the resulting products are essentially or completely free of sulfamic acid and/or ammonium sulfamate.

Abstract: Biuret is selectively removed from urea by treating the urea in an aqueous solution at a pH above about 12.5 and a temperature between about 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to decompose at least a portion of the biuret. Solid urea compositions containing biuret and a strong base capable of selectively decomposing at least a portion of the biuret when the mixture is dissolved in water are also disclosed.

Abstract: A new improved process for making liquid fertilizer having a high nitrogen and sulfur content has been developed in which urea and sulfuric acid are mixed. Exothermic heat, which normally builds up in successive reactions is dissipated via use of a non-reactive, nutritive heat sink, preferably comprising a predetermined amount of previously produced fertilizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reaction of phosphate rock with nitric acid and urea to produce nitrogen-phosphorus containing slurries, which slurries may be granulated and dried to produce solid N-P fertilizer products with agronomically advantageous low pHs (1.1-4.0). Products with optimum physical and chemical properties were discovered by investigating the characteristics of each individual material as a function of the nitric acid acidulation ratio (mole ratio HNO.sub.3 :CaO) and the mole ratio urea:CaO present in each product. Acidulation ratios ranged from 1.2 to 2.1 while ratios urea:CaO ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Selected products with optimum physicochemical properties are tabulated below:______________________________________ Acidulation Ratio Ratio Melting HNO.sub.3 :CaO, M/M Urea:CaO, M/M Grade Pt, .degree.C. ______________________________________ 1.2 2.2 23.8--11.7--0 137-139 1.4 2.4 25.0--11.0--0 136 1.6 2.8 25.9--9.9--0 133-137 1.8 3.0 26.4--9.2--0 134-135 2.0 3.3 27.2--8.7--0 130 2.1 3.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of urea and its derivatives by reacting CO, NO, and a hydrogen source over a supported noble metal catalyst at atmospheric pressure is described. Preferably, stoichiometric amounts of reactory gases are used. Reaction temperatures are in the range of 75.degree. C. to 225.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing urea fluorosilicate, [(NH.sub.2).sub.2 CO].sub.4 .multidot.H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, a composition eminently suitable for use as a fungicide in the prevention and control of wheat stem rust. The method involves mixing urea and fluorosilicic acid derived from by-product fluorine in a mole ratio of urea:fluorosilicate acid in the range from about 3.5:1 to about 4.5:1 and thereafter dewatering the resulting solution to produce a concentrated solution of urea fluorosilicate. Solid urea fluorosilicate is subsequently obtained by evaporation of the remaining water which is conveniently effected by introducing the resulting solution or melt to concentrator means, or alternatively into a heated, moving bed of preformed granular urea fluorosilicate.