Abstract: The invention relates to biting arthropod repellent compositions comprising nootkatone. The application also relates to a method of repelling said biting arthropods by application of the nootkatone composition to a hard or soft surface, to a method of treating an arthropod infestation and to a method of reducing the transmission of a parasite or disease pathogen spread by a biting arthropod using the nootkatone composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing oxygenated terpenoids, and preparation of compositions and formulations thereof. Polynucleotides, derivative enzymes, and host cells for use in such methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel processes for making cyclohexanone compositions, from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene. The process includes hydrogenation of a feed stream comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene. The feed stream may be subjected to one or more pre-hydrogenation treatments, such as passing through one or more sorbents, addition of basic chemical agents, and/or addition of water, so as to improve catalyst activity, minimize undesired side reactions, and/or remove catalyst poisons from the feed stream. The feed stream may be provided to a hydrogenation reaction zone in the vapor phase, with periodic alterations to hydrogenation reaction conditions such that the feed is provided in mixed liquid and vapor phase in order to carry out liquid washing of a hydrogenation catalyst bed within the hydrogenation reaction zone.

Abstract: An alkylating process such as hydroalkylating process comprising feeding a gas material and a liquid material into the reactor, distributing the liquid material to the upper surface of a bed of a catalyst substantially uniformly. The substantial uniform distribution of the liquid material to the upper surface allows for substantially uniform distribution of liquid reaction medium in the bed, thereby preventing hot spot and undesirable continuous liquid zone, both of which can cause the production of undesired by-products. The invention is particularly useful for the hydroalkylation reaction of benzene in making cyclohexylbenzene, which can be used for making cyclohexanone and phenol.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of producing a carbonyl compound at a higher yield. The method of producing a carbonyl compound according to the present invention produces a carbonyl compound represented by general formula (I) by subjecting a compound represented by general formula (II) to dealkoxycarbonylation in the presence of a hydrogen halide salt of tertiary amine. In the formula, R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbons.

Abstract: In a process for separating methylcyclopentanone from a mixture comprising methylcyclopentanone and cyclohexanone, a feedstock comprising cyclohexanone, methylcyclopentanone, water at a concentration of at least 0.10 wt %, and optionally phenol is fed into a fractionation distillation column, where a lower effluent rich in cyclohexanone and an upper effluent rich in methylcyclopentanone are produced. Due to the inclusion of water at a relatively high concentration in the feedstock, efficient separation of methylcyclopentanone is achieved. In certain particularly desirable embodiments, the lower effluent is substantially free of methylcyclopentanone. The thus produced cyclohexanone may be used to make, e.g., high-purity caprolactam, which, in turn, may be used for fabricating, e.g., high-performance nylon-6 material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new processes for the preparation of 2-cyclopentyl-6-methoxy-isonicotinic acid, which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of pyridine-4-yl derivatives as immunomodulating agent. Moreover, the present invention also relates to new intermediates used in those processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the synthesis of spiro[2.5]octane-5,7-dione useful as intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceutically active ingredients. Also disclosed are novel intermediates used in the synthesis of this compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the synthesis of spiro[2.5]octane-5,7-dione useful as intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceutically active ingredients. Also disclosed are novel intermediates used in the synthesis of this compound.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (I) or of a mixture comprising two, three, four, five, six or a plurality of different compounds of Formula (I) for the superadditive enhancement of an olfactory impression. The invention also relates to novel fragrance and/or flavor material compositions which, in addition to a compound of Formula (I) or a mixture thereof, further contains one, two, three or a plurality of further fragrance and/or flavor materials, the fragrance and/or flavor material or the further fragrance and/or flavor materials not being compound of Formula (I).

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to a corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, the hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide of the general formula (I): wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO3H, NH2, OH and NO2, or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br and I provided that R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bond; each of Q1 and Q2 is independently selected from C, CH, N and CR3; each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH2, N, P and an element of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; Y is O or OH; k is 0, 1, or 2; 1 is 0, 1, or 2; m is 1 to 3, and R3 can be any of the entities listed for R1.

Abstract: Described is a method of synthesizing 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one by reacting 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)cyclopentene with dichloroketene. The resulting reaction products are reacted with acetic acid and zinc to produce 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one and 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one, which are reacted with trimethylsulfonium iodide to produce 2-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2?-oxirane] and 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0] heptane-6,2?-oxirane]. Lithium iodide is reacted with 2-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2?-oxirane] and 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0]heptane-6,2?-oxirane] to produce 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one. A method of synthesizing 6-(5-methoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one is also described.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a substance characterized by ability to reduce oxidized coenzyme Q10 and ability to stabilize reduced coenzyme Q10, which contains nutrients, has a favorable taste, and is excellent in general versatility, and a method for using the same. The present invention relates to a method for producing reduced coenzyme Q10 comprising reducing oxidized coenzyme Q10 with a particular amino acid. The present invention also relates to a method for stabilizing reduced coenzyme Q10 in the presence of a particular amino acid and a composition stabilized by the method.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene is oxidized to produce cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide and then the resultant cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is cleaved to produce an effluent stream comprising phenol and cyclohexanone. At least a portion of the effluent stream is then fed to at least one hydrogenation reaction zone, where the effluent stream portion is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to convert at least part of the phenol in the effluent portion into cyclohexanone.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are contacted with a catalyst under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst comprises a composite of a molecular sieve, an inorganic oxide different from said molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal, wherein at least 50 wt % of said hydrogenation metal is supported on the inorganic oxide and the inorganic oxide has an average particle size less than 40 ?m (microns).

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen and a liquid feed comprising benzene are introduced into a reaction zone and are contacted in the reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions to produce cyclohexylbenzene. An effluent stream comprising cyclohexylbenzene and unreacted benzene is removed from the reaction zone and is divided into at least first and second portions, wherein the mass ratio of the effluent stream first portion to the effluent stream second portion is at least 2:1. The effluent stream first portion is then cooled and the cooled effluent stream first portion is recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed are 1?-hydroxy-2-(3?-hydroxypropylidene)-19-nor-vitamin D compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and treatment thereof. The compounds are generally directed to biologically active 2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds and analogs thereof characterized by the presence of a 3?-hydroxypropylidene moiety at C-2 and the presence of an abbreviated alkyl side-chain free of any hydroxyl moiety.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentanone represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R3 and R4 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, may be the same as R1 and R2, respectively, and may be the same as each other) can be produced by hydrogenating the double bond in a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst by using a carboxylic acid or a specific concentration of a carboxylic acid ester as a solvent. This process can produce a substituted cyclopentanone which is useful as a jasmine fragrance, an intermediate thereof or the like, in a simple and inexpensive manner at a high cis-isomer ratio.

Abstract: A method for making isolongifolenone involving reaction (?)-isolongifolene with chromium hexacarbonyl and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Also the use of isolongifolenone to repel arthropods by treating an object or area with an arthropod repelling effective amount of isolongifolenone (and optionally a carrier or carrier material).

Abstract: Compounds containing a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group directly bound to a chiral carbon atom are prepared enantioselectively. Starting reactants are either chiral or achiral, and may or may not contain an attached allyloxycarbonyl group as a substituent. Chiral ligands are employed, along with transition metal catalysts. The methods of the invention are effective in providing enantioconvergent allylation of chiral molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a mixture of alcohols and ketones by the liquid phase oxidation of higher alkanes using a catalyst system consisting of transition group metal such as palladium and support such as alumina, silica, carbon, preferably carbon in the presence of alkyl hydroperoxide as oxygen carrier, under stirring conditions at a temperature range of 10°–120° C. and at atmospheric pressure in a stirred glass reactor for a period of 1–30 h. The present invention produces a mixture of alcohols and ketones with high selectivity (preferably 60–90%) along with other byproducts such as diketones and acids.

Abstract: 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone is produced by reacting 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester or 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester with sodium hydride and methyl halide, then hydrolyzing the obtained 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester or 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester. The process provides 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone, an important intermediate of an agricultural or horticultural fungicide, e.g., Metconazole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for catalytically oxidizing unsaturated hydrocarbons to form oxidation products, and to the production of saturated alcohols, ketones, aldehydes or carboxylic acids by subsequently hydrogenating the oxidation product. A compound of formula (I) is used as a catalyst during oxidizing in which: R1, R2=H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R1 and R2 signify identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 can be coupled to one another via a covalent bond, with Q1, Q2=the same or different, C, CH, N; X, Z=C, S or CH2; Y=O or OH; k=0, 1 or 2; 1=0, 1 or 2; m=1 to 100 in the presence of a radical initiator. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as radical initiators. Preferred substrates are cyclic aliphatic or aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of unsaturated ketones or aldehydes by pyrolysis of a lactone, in the presence of a reducing agent such as molecular hydrogen or a carboxylic acid, and in the presence of a catalyst, optionally supported, comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Y, Ti, Cd, Mn, Zn, Sc and Zr.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ?-chloroketones from readily available alkyl esters by the reaction of a sulfoxonium ylide on said alkyl esters to generate a keto sulfoxonium ylide that is in turn treated with anhydrous HCl.

Abstract: Metal salts of organic acids complexed with ?-diketone compounds are multifunctional complexes useful in the formulation of stabilizers for halogenated resins. These complexes may be used jointly with other low toxicity intermediates, such as zinc or magnesium intermediates, to form effective stabilizers that are non-toxic and exhibit better performance than other known stabilizers, including those containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium or lead. The complex is prepared utilizing a Claisen condensation reaction and precipitation with water and heptane.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process of subjecting a diester of a long-chain dicarboxylic acid having 18 to 21 carbon atoms to intramolecular condensation in the presence of titanium tetrachloride or zirconium tetrachloride and a trialkylamine to form an ?-alkoxycarbonylated macrocyclic ketone, and a process for producing a macrocyclic ketone by hydrolyzing an ?-alkoxycarbonylated macrocyclic ketone obtained by the process and then subjecting the hydrolyzate to decarboxylation. The invention provides a process for producing a macrocyclic ketone efficiently, which permits high concentration synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing substrates such as hydrocarbons, waxes or soot. The method involves the use of a compound of formula (I) in which: R1 and R2 represent H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 hydrocarbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R1 and R2 designate identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bonding; Q1 and Q2 represent C, CH, N, CR5, each being the same or different; X and Z represent C, S, CH2, each being the same or different; Y represents O and OH; k=0, 1, 2; l=0, 1, 2; m=1 to 3, and; R5 represents one of the meanings of R1. Said compound is used as a catalyst in the presence of a radical initiator, whereby the molar ratio of the catalyst to the hydrocarbon is less than 10 mol %. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as the radical initiator. Preferred substrates are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 2-cyclopentenones of the general formula: where R1 to R4 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl or alkenyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, aralkylene or aryl radicals, by converting hexenedioic acids and/or their esters of the general formulae where R1 to R4 are each as defined above and R5 and R6 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl or aryl radicals, at temperatures of from 150 to 450° C., over solid, oxidic catalysts, wherein the catalysts on an oxidic support material comprise from 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one alkali metal oxide.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention is a process for preparation of fluorinated ketones corresponding to general formula (I) R1—CO—R2 in which R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it consists of reacting two carboxylic acids of Formula (II), R1—COOH and Formula (III), R2—COOH, in the gaseous phase and in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one oxide of an element chosen from the rare earths, thorium, titanium and aluminum.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides is disclosed which utilizes a caalytic amount of a heterogeneous Au catalyst that has been treated with an organosilicon reagent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of alcohols/ketones by decomposing an alkyl hydroperoxide, particularly to a method for producing a cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone by decomposing cyclohexyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst containing an organometallic segment fixed on the surface of a porous solid compound such as silicon. The organometallic segment can be formula (I).

Abstract: Metal salts of organic acids complexed with &bgr;-diketone compounds are multifunctional complexes useful in the formulation of stabilizers for halogenated resins. These complexes may be used jointly with other low toxicity intermediates, such as zinc or magnesium intermediates, to form effective stabilizers that are non-toxic and exhibit better performance than other known stabilizers, including those containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium or lead. The complex is prepared utilizing a Claisen condensation reaction and precipitation with water and heptane.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing ketones of formula (I) wherein A and B are as defined in claim 1, consisting of reacting at a temperature ranging between 250 and 500° C. a compound of formula (II): A—X with a compound of formula (III): B—Y, wherein A, B, X and Y are as defined in claim 1, in a coolant solvent having a boiling point higher than 250 ° C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of ketones via a one-step synthesis from aldehydes. In the method of the invention, an aldehyde, a carboxylic acid, and a source of oxygen, such as water, are allowed to react in the vapor phase in a catalytic tube reactor. Asymmetrical ketones, such as methyl cyclopropyl ketone, are particularly desirable reaction products.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing trimethylphenol (TMP) to trimethylbenzoquinone (TMBQ) by various molecular sieves containing various transition metals. In this method, TMP, a molecular sieve containing a transition metal in its framework, an oxidant and a solvent are mixed together to form a reaction system. The reaction system reacting at a temperature of about room temperature to 150° C. to obtain TMBQ, and the concentration of TMP is about 5-60% wt.

Abstract: A process for the production of an intermediate mixture of &bgr;-isophorone epoxide and its isomer 4-hydroxyisophorone (HIP), comprising reacting &bgr;-isophorone with an organic percarboxylic acid, in the form of its non-aqueous solution, in an inert solvent.

Abstract: Process for the production of 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione by epoxidation of &bgr;-isophorone with organic percarboxylic acids at a water content below 5 wt.-% and subsequent isomerization of the mixture of &bgr;-isophorone epoxide and hydroxyisophorone.

Abstract: Substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl are prepared by reducing 4-ketocyclopentene to an alcohol, replacing the hydroxyl functionality with a leaving group and deprotonating the resulting product under base induced elimination conditions.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 1,3-diketones is disclosed wherein the method comprises the steps of: (A) mixing an alkali metal base with a hindered alcohol in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent; (B) boiling the mixture and azeotropically distilling water formed by the reaction between the base and the alcohol, whereby a solution of a hindered alkali metal alkoxide is formed in situ in the solvent; (C) mixing an ester with the solution of the hindered alkali metal alkoxide in the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent; and then (D) adding a ketone to the mixture.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing a ketone in a tube reactor at elevated weight hourly space velocities and in the presence of a catalyst from feed material comprised of a first carboxylic acid or aldehyde or their derivatives and a second carboxylic acid and a method for using the ketone production method to produce herbicidal or other agricultural compounds.

Abstract: An aldehyde compound is reacted with an amino compound and hydrogen cyanate in the presence of a chiral zirconium catalyst obtained by mixing a zirconium alkoxide with an optically active binaphthol compound.

Abstract: A process for forming 4-ketocyclopentene and substituted 4-ketocyclopentene compounds starting from the corresponding 1-carbohydrocarbyloxy-2-keto-4-hydroxy-5-cyclopentene by reduction followed by decarboxylation.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing lower unsaturated ketones by reacting the corresponding &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alcohols with alkyl acetoacetates in a Carroll reaction in the presence of from 0.1 to 5 mol %, based on the alkyl acetoacetate to be reacted, of an organic aluminum compound as catalyst with elimination and continuous removal by distillation of the alkanol eliminated during the reaction from the alkyl acetoacetate in a reactor system with a fitted fractionation column, wherein A an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alcohol which boils below 140° C. is introduced, in the absence of effective amounts of a solvent, together with the organic aluminum compound into the reaction vessel, B a reaction temperature which is as constant as possible between 170° C. and 250° C.

Abstract: A method of producing nootkatone by laccase catalyzed oxidation of valencene. Valencene and a composition having laccase activity are reacted in the presence of an oxygen source, at a valencene concentration greater than 0.1%, to form valencene hydroperoxide. Optionally, a mediator and/or a solvent at a concentration that maintains laccase activity may also be included. The valencene hydroperoxide is degraded to form nootkatone, and nootkatone is then recovered. The method produces nootkatone in commercially viable yields.

Abstract: The condensation reaction of a ketone with either an ester or a carbonate to form, respectively, a 1,3-diketone or a .beta.-ketoester often affords poor results under the standard condensation reaction conditions. High yields and high purities of the desired product can be obtained by performing the reaction using an alkoxide base in DMSO as the sole solvent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing 4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one represented by the following formula [1] which is characterized in that at least one substance selected from the following (a), (b) and (c) is heated.(a): uronic acid or uronic acid derivative(s);(b): a saccharide compound which contains uronic acid and/or uronic acid derivative(s); and(c): a substance containing a saccharide compound which contains uronic acid and/or uronic acid derivative(s).

Abstract: Described are trimethylcyclohexenylcyclopropyl ketones having the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines is a carbon--carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines is a carbon--carbon single bond, uses thereof in augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in or to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles, and mixtures of same with 3-methyl-1-phenylpentanol-5 and/or butanoylcyclohexane derivatives and/or acetic or propionic acid esters of o-methylphenyl isopropanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of terpenic ketones, which comprises reacting a 1,3-butadiene derivative with a .beta.-keto ester followed by decarbalkoxylation of the product.