Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a cyclic ?-ketoalcohol, particularly a 6-hydroxycyclohexenone from a cyclic ?-ketoenol, particularly a 6-hydroxycyclohexadienone, using a reducing agent. This reducing agent is selected from hydrogen gas; a secondary alcohol, formic acid and the salts of formic acid or a mixture of at least two representatives of these compound classes. The invention further comprises the use of an ?-ketoenol, in particular a 6-hydroxycyclohexadienone, as intermediate for preparing astaxanthin.

Abstract: Treatment of the wastewater from isophorone production comprising neutralization, filtration and a downstream chemical oxidation process and subsequent reduction. The invention relates to treatment of the wastewater from isophorone (IP) production comprising neutralization, filtration and a downstream chemical oxidation process and subsequent reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed is (i) a process of making phenol and/or cyclohexanone from cyclohexylbenzene including a step of removing methylcyclopentylbenzene from (a) the cyclohexylbenzene feed supplied to the oxidation step and/or (b) the crude phenol product (ii) a phenol composition and (iii) a cyclohexylbenzene composition that can be made using the process.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing a cis 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-5-(3-methylbutyl)-4-(4-methylpentanoyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one (“KDT500”) derivative are provided. Such methods may be used to synthesize any desired KDT derivative. In one embodiment, the KDT500 derivative is KDT501.

Abstract: A process for preparing isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) is provided wherein distillation vapors from the work-up of product fractions are recycled to earlier stages of operation of the process.

Abstract: An organocatalyst for oxidizing alcohols in which a primary alcohol is selectively oxidized in a polyol substrate having a plurality of alcohols under environmentally-friendly conditions. The organic oxidation catalyst has an oxygen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of an azanoradamantane skeleton and at least one alkyl group at positions 1 and 5. The oxidation catalyst has higher activity than TEMPO, which is an existing oxidation catalyst, in the selective oxidation reaction of primary alcohols, and better selectivity than AZADO and 1-Me-AZADO. This DMN-AZADO can be applied to the selective oxidation reaction of primary alcohols that contributes to shortening the synthesizing process for pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical raw materials, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, organic materials, and other such high value-added organic compounds.

Abstract: A hydride transfer process within a reaction between an alcohol and a ketone and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst is described. The process can transfer a hydride from an alcohol to a ketone, thus enabling reduction of the ketone and oxidation of the alcohol. Further described, is a process for the simultaneous preparation of cyclohexanone and isopropanol enabling an optimized industrial operation. A mixture of compounds useful for implementing the process and comprising two different ketones and two different alcohols is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone as an educt, reprocessing the reaction product, hydrolyzing the product stream, and separating into an organic and an aqueous fraction, obtaining isophorone from the organic fraction, distillatively reprocessing the aqueous fraction, and feeding the vapors from the head of the distillative reprocessing apparatus into the hydrolysis apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) in the presence of at least one defoamer in the wastewater column in the workup section.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the production of chiral compounds in a stereoisomeric excess. The present processes involve reacting a hydrometallated alkene compound with a compound comprising a conjugated-bond system under conditions such that the compounds undergo an asymmetric 1,4- or 1,6-conjugate addition reaction, generating a chiral compound in a stereoisomeric excess. The reaction is performed in the presence of a metal catalyst, which catalyst preferably comprises a non-racemic chiral ligand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone as an educt, reprocessing the reaction product, hydrolyzing the product stream, and separating into an organic and an aqueous fraction, obtaining isophorone from the organic fraction, distillatively reprocessing the aqueous fraction, and feeding the vapors from the head of the distillative reprocessing apparatus into the hydrolysis apparatus.

Abstract: This invention concerns product and process to convert a hydroxyl group (bold in R3C—OH) in a tigliane-type compound to a hydrogen (bold in R3C—H) to obtain deoxytigliane-type compounds or structural or functional analogs thereof. The process has wide application particularly to produce specific biologically active compounds in quantity for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular the process can be used to convert phorbol to a 12-deoxytigliane (prostratin), which is a therapeutic lead for the treatment of AIDS. New compositions of matter are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydride transfer process within a reaction between an alcohol and a ketone and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst is described. The process can transfer a hydride from an alcohol to a ketone, thus enabling reduction of the ketone and oxidation of the alcohol. Further described, is a process for the simultaneous preparation of cyclohexanone and isopropanol enabling an optimized industrial operation. A mixture of compounds useful for implementing the process and comprising two different ketones and two different alcohols is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate. The process comprises reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary amine, with phosgene in the presence of an inert solvent wherein the initial reaction temperature is between 100 and 130° C. and the temperature is subsequently ramped to 150 to 180° C. during the course of the reaction, the solvent to amine weight ratio is 95:5 to 80:20, the total reaction pressure is maintained between 50 and 350 psig and the amine is rapidly dispersed in the phosgene through injection in a region of high efficiency mixing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amide compound having antibacterial activity, and a bacterial infection control agent for agricultural and horticultural use that contains the amide compound. The novel amide compound of the present invention is represented by General Formula (1): wherein R is a —CH(R1)(R2) or a —CO(R2) group, R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and R2 is a C1-12 alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions useful for the elimination of latent HIV reservoirs that persist despite HAART. The methods and compositions overcome this latent barrier by inducing the replication of HIV in latently infected T cells while preventing the spread of the newly produced virions to uninfected cells by providing HAART simultaneously. Compositions of the invention comprise an activator of latent HIV expression, such as prostratin, and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, such as TSA. A surprising finding of this invention is that the inhibitor of the histone deacetylase synergizes the effect of prostratin thus, allowing administering to a patient a lower, non-toxic dose of prostratin.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentanone represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R3 and R4 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, may be the same as R1 and R2, respectively, and may be the same as each other) can be produced by hydrogenating the double bond in a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst by using a carboxylic acid or a specific concentration of a carboxylic acid ester as a solvent. This process can produce a substituted cyclopentanone which is useful as a jasmine fragrance, an intermediate thereof or the like, in a simple and inexpensive manner at a high cis-isomer ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a sulfone compound of the following formula (3), characterized in that an allyl sulfone compound of the formula (1) and an allyl halide compound of the formula (2) are reacted in an organic solvent in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide and a phase-transfer catalyst: wherein A is CH2 or C?O; Ar is an aryl group optionally having 1 to 3 substitutents; and the wavy line means that the steric relation to the double bond which the wavy line is bound to is of E-form, Z-form or a mixture of E/Z; wherein X is a halogen atom; and the wavy line means the same as defined above; and wherein A, Ar and the wavy line mean the same as defined above. The present invention also relates to a process for producing a carotenoid from the same sulfone compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an optically active 3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one which is characterized in that 2-cyclopentadecen-1-one is subjected to a 1,4-conjugate addition reaction of a methyl group by using a methylated organic metal in the presence of a copper catalyst, an enol anion scavenger and a specific optically active phosphoramidite for obtaining an optically active 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative, and then the thus-obtained 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative is subjected to a solvolysis.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process to convert a hydroxyl group (bold in R3C—OH) in a tigliane-type compound to a hydrogen (bold in R3C—H) to obtain deoxytigliane-type compounds or structural or functional analogs thereof. The process has wide application particularly to produce specific biologically active compounds in quantity for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular the process can be used to convert phorbol to a 12-deoxytigliane (prostrating which is a therapeutic lead for the treatment of AIDS. New compositions of matter are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of selectively converting betulin to betulonic aldehyde. The present invention also provides for methods of selectively converting 3-substituted triterpen-28-ols to the corresponding 3-substituted triterpen-28-carboxaldehydes. Additionally, the present invention provides for methods of preparing betulonic aldehyde, betulonic acid, betulinic acid, and corresponding 3-substituted triterpenes.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentanone represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R3 and R4 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, may be the same as R1 and R2, respectively, and may be the same as each other) can be produced by hydrogenating the double bond in a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst by using a carboxylic acid or a specific concentration of a carboxylic acid ester as a solvent. This process can produce a substituted cyclopentanone which is useful as a jasmine fragrance, an intermediate thereof or the like, in a simple and inexpensive manner at a high cis-isomer ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is refereed to a white solid photoinitiator in the form of powder and consisting of 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one (COMPOUND1), and to the procedure for its preparation.

Abstract: A process for producing muscone by methyl addition to the 1,4-conjugation of 2-cyclopentadecenone. By the process, muscone is produced in high yield not under reaction condition including an extremely low temperature and a low concentration but under practical condition. The process comprises subjecting 2-cyclopentadecenone to a 1,4-conjugation addition reaction with an organometallic methylation reagent in the presence of a copper or nickel catalyst and an enol anion scavenger to obtain a 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative represented by General Formula (II) and then solvolyzing the enol moiety of the 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative to obtain muscone.

Abstract: A method for producing menatetrenone that does not have a deleterious influence on the environment, that is safe even when applied to large-scale production, and that is also simple to operate, wherein a compound represented by the following formula (1) is produced by treating with an oxygen source, and without the addition of an additive other than water or aqueous sodium chloride solution, a reaction solution consisting essentially of a solution of a compound represented by the following formula (2) dissolved in a solvent:

Abstract: The invention provides a novel fragrance material comprising a compound having the structure (IUPAC name (1R,2S,7R,8R,9S)-2,6,6,9-tetramethyltricyclo-[5.4.0.02,8]undecan-10-one). The novel fragrance material has a strong, pleasant cedar wood fragrance and is useful for imparting, strengthening, or improving the odor of perfumes and perfumed products. Methods for preparing the novel fragrance material are described.

Abstract: A process for producing cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol represented by the following formula (1): (wherein A represents a C10-C18 alkylene or alkenylene group, and each of R1, R2, and R3 individually represents hydrogen or methyl), comprising reacting a 3-alkoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one derivative represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R1, R2, and R3 have the same meanings as above, and R4 represents a C1-C5 alkyl group) with a Grignard's reagent prepared by protecting the hydroxyl groups of C10-C18 ?-halogenoalcohol through silylation, and hydrolyzing the resultant reaction product.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a solid basic catalyst comprising a hydrotalcite structure wherein part at least of the compensating anions are fluoride anions F? for producing Knoevenagel of Michael condensation reactions. The invention also concerns novel solid basic catalysts comprising a hydrotalcite structure characterized by a Mg/Al molar ratio ranging between 2.5 and 3.8 wherein at least part of the compensating anions are fluoride anions F?, and methods for preparing said novel catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an xanthophyll, and in particular to a process for the preparation of an xanthophyll through the oxidation of a carotenoid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and an iodine-containing compound. In particular, the process of the invention applies to the oxidation of beta-carotene to produce canthaxanthin, and to the oxidation of lutein or zeaxanthin to produce astaxanthin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluorine-containing polymerizable cyclic olefin compound that has one or more partial structures represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby fluorinated ketones of various structures can be produced by short process steps and which is useful as an industrial production process.

Abstract: Metal salts of organic acids complexed with ?-diketone compounds are multifunctional complexes useful in the formulation of stabilizers for halogenated resins. These complexes may be used jointly with other low toxicity intermediates, such as zinc or magnesium intermediates, to form effective stabilizers that are non-toxic and exhibit better performance than other known stabilizers, including those containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium or lead. The complex is prepared utilizing a Claisen condensation reaction and precipitation with water and heptane.

Abstract: In the process for producing a cyclododecanone by isomerizing an epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material in the presence of an isomerization reaction catalyst containing lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, in order to perform the reaction with high efficiency (high reaction rate) and high selectivity and stably produce a high-purity cyclododecanone in industry while maintaining a high-level reaction rate, the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material is produced by contacting an epoxycyclododecadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogen-reduction catalyst and has a content of the hydroxyl group-containing cyclododecane compounds contained in the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material controlled to 5 mol % or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 2-cyclopentenones of the general formula: where R1 to R4 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl or alkenyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, aralkylene or aryl radicals, by converting hexenedioic acids and/or their esters of the general formulae where R1 to R4 are each as defined above and R5 and R6 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl or aryl radicals, at temperatures of from 150 to 450° C., over solid, oxidic catalysts, wherein the catalysts on an oxidic support material comprise from 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one alkali metal oxide.

Abstract: Lower alkyl- and lower alkylidene-substituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclohexadecanones are grand fragrances with muscone note with which perfumes with new odor notes can be prepared.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby fluorinated ketones of various structures can be produced by short process steps and which is useful as an industrial production process.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of a nucleophile, e.g., hydride, to cyclic and acyclic enoates and enones. In certain embodiments of the methods of the present invention, the transition metal catalyst consists essentially of copper and an asymmetric bidentate bisphosphine ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic synthesis and more precisely to a process for the synthesis of an unsaturated aldehyde or ketone by oxidation of the corresponding alcohol. The oxidation is performed by a hypochlorite salt and a catalytic amount of a N-(2,2,6,6-tetraalkyl-4-piperidinyl-N-oxyl)-2-amino-1,3,5-triazine compound, preferably a N-oxyl derivative of one of the polymers known under the trademark Chimassorb® 944 or 2020.

Abstract: Allyl alcohols are converted into corresponding aldehydes or ketones in a high yield under a mild condition by using an inexpensive aluminum alkoxide as an Oppenauer oxidation catalyst and a hydride acceptor. Thus, there is provided an industrially useful method for converting allyl alcohols to corresponding aldehydes or ketones.

Abstract: There are disclosed are a method for producing at least one compound selected from a carbonyl compound and a hydroxy adduct compound by an oxidative cleavage or addition reaction of an olefinic double bond of an olefin compound, which contains reacting an olefin compound with hydrogen peroxide, utilizing as a catalyst, at least one member selected from (a) tungsten, (b) molybdenum, or (c) a tungsten or molybdenum metal compound containing (ia) tungsten or (ib) molybdenum and (ii) an element of Group IIIb, IVb, Vb or VIb excluding oxygen, and a catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives of general formula I or II: in which the substituents R1 and R2 independently of one another are defined as follows: R1 is R2 is OH or a protective group convertible to a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis; R3 and R4 are hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl; and R5 is hydrogen or C1-C4-acyl, by the reduction of alkyne compounds of general formula III or IV: in which the substituents R1 and X are as defined above, wherein the reducing agent used is a mixture of zinc and at least one compound B selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts, copper salts and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts.

Abstract: Metal salts of organic acids complexed with &bgr;-diketone compounds are multifunctional complexes useful in the formulation of stabilizers for halogenated resins. These complexes may be used jointly with other low toxicity intermediates, such as zinc or magnesium intermediates, to form effective stabilizers that are non-toxic and exhibit better performance than other known stabilizers, including those containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium or lead. The complex is prepared utilizing a Claisen condensation reaction and precipitation with water and heptane.

Abstract: A process for oxygenating organic substrates such as aliphatic hydrocarbons has been developed. The process involves contacting the organic substrate with oxygen in the presence of a bicyclo imide promoter and a metal co-catalyst. The process is preferably carried out using sulfolane as the solvent. Optionally, the oxygenated product can be hydrogenated to give the corresponding alcohol which can optionally in turn be dehydrated to provide the corresponding olefin.

Abstract: A safe and effective process for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone via the reaction of said alcohol with an anhydride solution of a 1,1,1-tri(C2-C4 alkanoyloxy-1,1 -dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, and a composition useful in this process.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing dry powders of one or more oxygenated carotenoids by a) dispersing one or more oxygenated carotenoids in an aqueous molecular dispersion or colloidal dispersion of a protecting colloid and b) converting the dispersion formed into a dry powder by removing the water and any solvents additionally used and drying, in the presence or absence of a coating material, which comprises using as protecting colloid in process step a) at least one partially hydrolyzed soybean protein having a degree of hydrolysis greater than 5%.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives of general formula I or II: in which the substituents R1 and R2 independently of one another are defined as follows: R2 is OH or a protective group convertible to a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis, R3 and R4 are hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl, and R5 is hydrogen or C1-C4-acyl, by the reduction or alkyne compounds of general formula III or IV: wherein the reducing agent used is at least one salt of hyposulfurous acid or hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or a mixture of at least one salt of hyposulfurous acid and at least one salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid.

Abstract: This invention describes heretofore unknown forms of dihydro (DHIA) and hexahydro (HHIA) isoalpha acids having a high ratio of trans to cis isomers and a process for their production. Also, non-precipitating clear 5, 10, 20% and higher aqueous solutions thereof, since they are soluble at room temperature in soft water. This is due to the high ratio of trans to cis isomers. Unlike prior art essentially all cis isomer products, they remain haze free both at a neutral pH in water and at 1% to 2% and higher concentrations. This invention has the advantage over the prior art in that DHIA and HHIA can be provided as stable, non-separating liquids, at practical concentrations in the range of 5% to about 40%, which do not require heating to about 50° to 90° C. and above with stirring to effect dissolution of precipitates. The high trans products described herein can be admixed with isoalpha- and tetrahydro-isoalpha acids.

Abstract: Industrially advantageous processes for producing a 2-alkyl-2-cyclopentenone in high yields starting from a 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)cyclopentanone or a 2-alkylidenecyclopentanone, which are obtainable from a cyclopentanone and a carbonyl compound.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2,2,4,4-tetrasubstituted 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriones of the formula I, by reaction of a cyclobutane-1,3-dione of the formula II with an O or N nucleophile and a silylating reagent, and subsequent acetylation and cyclization.

Abstract: This invention describes heretofore unknown forms of dihydro (DHIA) and hexahydro (HHIA) isoalpha acids having a high ratio of trans to cis isomers and a process for their production. Also, non-precipitating clear 5, 10, 20% and higher aqueous solutions thereof, since they are soluble at room temperature in soft water. This is due to the high ratio of trans to cis isomers. Unlike prior art essentially all cis isomer products, they remain haze free both at a neutral pH in water and at 1% to 2% and higher concentrations. This invention has the advantage over the prior art in that DHIA and HHIA can be provided as stable, non-separating liquids, at practical concentrations in the range of 5% to about 40%, which do not require heating to about 50° to 90° C. and above with stirring to effect dissolution of precipitates. The high trans products described herein can be admixed with isoalpha- and tetrahydro-isoalpha acids.