Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an iodine-doped TiO2 nano-catalyst and use of the catalyst in heterogeneously catalyzing configuration transformation of trans-carotenoids. The iodine-doped TiO2 nano-catalyst is prepared by a sol-gel process using a titanate ester as a precursor and an iodine-containing compound as a dopant in the presence of a diluent, inhibitor and complexing agent. The catalyst exhibits high activity for isomerization of the trans-carotenoids into their cis-isomers within a short catalytic time. The catalyst can be easily prepared and is highly efficient, economical, recyclable and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: In a process for separating a mixture comprising cyclohexanone and phenol, at least a portion of the mixture is distilled in the presence of a solvent including at least two alcoholic hydroxyl groups attached to non-adjacent saturated carbon atoms, water, and in the presence or absence of a hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II): wherein R1, the same or different at each occurrence, is independently an alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and/or R3 is hydrogen or the following group: and in the presence or absence of an enol-ether derived from the hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II), wherein the total concentration of the hemiketal and enol-ether, expressed in term of weight percentage of the total weight of the feed to the distilling step, is at most 0.01%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-(3-methylpent-2-en-4-ynyl)cyclohex-1-ene, highly enriched in the Z-isomer, and the use of such compounds in organic syntheses, especially in processes forming intermediates (building blocks) the synthesis of vitamin A or ?-carotene or other carotenoids, e.g. canthaxanthin, astaxanthin or zeaxanthin.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, silicon, and boron from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, silicon, and boron in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon dioxide in the hydrocarbon stream by contacting a stream with a physical or a chemical solvent.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of mercury containing compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of organic, ionic or suspended mercury compounds by first converting these compounds to elemental mercury or to inorganic mercury compounds and then removing them by use of an adsorbent bed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of oxygen in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of water from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of water in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of glycols from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of glycols and in particular, dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of sulfur containing compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of sulfur containing compounds in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel methods for production of 5-epi-?-vetivone, 2-isopropyl-6,10-dimethyl-spiro[4.5]deca-2,6-dien-8-one and 2-isopropyl-6,10-dimethylspiro[4.5]deca-1,6-dien-8-one, which are useful for their fragrant qualities. Provided are methods for production of premnaspirodiene from a terpene substrate, methods for production of 5-epi-?-vetivone from premnaspirodiene as starting material, and methods for production of 2-isopropyl-6,10-dimethyl-spiro[4.5]deca-2,6-dien-8-one and 2-isopropyl-6,10-dimethyl-spiro[4.5]deca-1,6-dien-8-one from premnaspirodiene as starting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing at least one compound with Z?1 cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with at least one aldehyde group, at least comprising the stages: (a1) oxidation of a composition (A), at least comprising a cyclic olefin with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least two C—C double bonds, by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A1), (a2) separating off the at least one cyclic olefin with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with at least two C—C double bonds from the composition (A1) from stage (a1) in order to obtain a composition (A2), (b1) separating off the at least one cyclic compound with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with a keto group from the composition (A2) from step (a2), in order to obtain a composition (B1), comprising at least 50% by weight of the at least one compound with Z?1 cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with at least one aldehyde group and at least two C—C double bonds, where Z may be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tube bundle reactor with a flat feed hood. Alternatively, the release hood may also have a flat design. The flat design reduces the heat of reaction which arises in the hood in the case of reaction types which take place not only in the tube bundle (uncatalyzed reactions and reactions with homogeneously distributed catalyst). This greatly suppresses undesired reactions which already take place in the hood owing to accumulated heat, which achieves a higher selectivity in the case of thermally sensitive reactions. In addition, the thermal distribution within the hoods can be controlled precisely. The tube bundle reactor comprises a tube bundle which has a feed end which is connected to a feed hood of the tube bundle reactor, wherein the feed hood is configured in a flat design with a cross-sectional area at the feed end and an internal volume, and the ratio of internal volume to cross-sectional area is less than 0.35 m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing at least one cyclic compound with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with a keto group, at least comprising the stages: (a1) oxidation of a composition (A), at least comprising one cyclic olefin with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least two C—C double bonds, by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A1), (a2) separating off the at least one cyclic olefin with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with at least two C—C double bonds from the composition (A1) in order to obtain a composition (A2), and (b) distillative treatment of the composition (A2) from step (a2) in order to obtain a composition (B), comprising the at least one cyclic compound with Z cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with a keto group and less than 1.0% by weight of the at least one compound with Z?1 cycles and 7 to 16 carbon atoms with at least one aldehyde group, where Z can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone comprising a catalyst system which comprises a molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal. The MCM-22 family molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and the hydrogenation metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, ruthenium, nickel, zinc, tin, cobalt, and combinations of any two or more thereof Hydroalkylation conditions of temperature and pressure are selected to produce a hydroalkylation conversion in a range of from about 15% to about 75% The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under said selected hydroalkylation condition to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method for producing a ketone compound, which comprises reacting an olefin compound with molecular oxygen and water in the presence of an effective amount of proton and a catalyst containing i) a chlorine-free palladium source, ii) a heteropoly acid or an acid salt of a heteropoly acid, and iii) a mesoporous silicate, and catalysts for the process.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentanone, at least comprising the following steps (i) to (iii): (i) providing a mixture G(i) comprising cyclopentene; (ii) providing liquid or supercritical N2O or a liquid or supercritical gas mixture G(ii) comprising at least 20% by volume of N2O, based on the total volume of the mixture G(ii); (iii) contacting the mixture G(i) with the liquid or supercritical N2O or the liquid or supercritical mixture G(ii) to obtain a mixture G(iii) comprising cyclopentanone, wherein the mixture G(i) contains at least 25% by weight and at most 95% by weight, of cyclopentene, based on the total weight of the mixture G(i).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises thermal treatment of the composition (I) with a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal and further purification by means of a process selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclododecanone, which comprises such a purification, and the use of at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms by thermal treatment of the composition (I) with a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises at least the steps (a) oxidation of a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic alkene which has from 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least one C—C double bond by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A), (b) treatment of the composition (A) with at least one base to give a composition (B), (c) hydrogenation of the composition (B) in the presence of at least one catalyst to give a composition (C), (d) purification of the composition (C), comprising at least the steps (di) thermal treatment of the composition (C) with at least one acid or at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal, (dii) further purification by a method selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises thermal treatment of the composition (I) with at least one acid and further purification by means of a process selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization, Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclododecanone, which comprises such a purification, and the use of at least one acid for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms by thermal treatment of the composition (I) with the acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises at least the steps (a) oxidation of a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic alkene which has from 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least one C—C double bond by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A), (b) treatment of the composition (A) with at least one base to give a composition (B), (c) hydrogenation of the composition (B) in the presence of at least one catalyst to give a composition (C), (d) purification of the composition (C), comprising at least the steps (di) thermal treatment of the composition (C) with at least one acid or at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal, (dii) further purification by a method selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization.

Abstract: A process for producing phenol and methyl ethyl ketone comprises contacting benzene and a C4 olefin under alkylation conditions and in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to produce an alkylation effluent comprising sec-butylbenzene and C8+ olefins. The alkylation effluent is then treated to reduce the amount of said C8+ olefins and produce a treated effluent, whereafter the sec-butylbenzene in the treated effluent is oxidized to produce a hydroperoxide and the hydroperoxide is cleaved to produce phenol and methyl ethyl ketone.

Abstract: A process for preparing a ketone, in particular cyclododecanone, by reacting cyclododecatriene with dinitrogen monoxide to obtain cyclododecadienone and hydrogenating the resulting cyclododecadienone, in particular to give cyclododecanone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a bicyclic aminoalcohol which comprises reacting a starting compound, nopinone (I), with XCH2COOR1 wherein X is halogen, and R1 is alkyl, in the presence of an additive and a base to produce a compound (II), converting it to oxime derivative (III), and reducing it with an aluminum hydride

Abstract: A method of preparing a polycyclic compound containing a ketone functionality comprising: reacting a mixture comprising a catalyst, a reactant compound and an amount of water greater than or equal to 3 weight percent (wt %) based on the weight of the reactant compound; wherein said catalyst comprises nickel and base and said reactant compound comprises at least two fused rings, A and B wherein ring A is a saturated ring or ring system having 5 to 7 cyclic carbons and substituted with a hydroxyl functionality and ring B is a non-aromatic unsaturated ring having 5 to 6 cyclic carbons; and converting the hydroxyl functionality of ring A to a ketone functionality and non-aromatic unsaturated ring B to a saturated ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 15-pentadecanolide by hydrogenating 15-pentadecenolide and to its use.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an alpha, beta-unsaturated cyclic ketone, such as carvone, comprises the dehydrogenation of a secondary allylic cyclic alcohol, such as carveol, in the presence of at least one metal carboxylate. The process can be performed in a batchwise or continuous mode. Examples of suitable metal carboxylates include magnesium stearate, calcium 2-ethylhexanoate, and zinc 2-ethylhexanoate.

Abstract: Lower alkyl- and lower alkylidene-substituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclohexadecanones are grand fragrances with muscone note with which perfumes with new odor notes can be prepared.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an immobilized transition metal carbonyl complex as a catalyst in the Pauson-Khand reaction and to processes using such as catalyst.

Abstract: Trans-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone, including (1S,6R)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1a): and (1R,6S)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1b): are useful components in a perfume composition. A process for producing the same is also described. A unique eucalyptus, mint-like and white floral perfume material is provided using the ketone compounds disclosed in the present invention. The process of the present invention produces the optically active ketone compounds having optical purity up to at least 98.0 % e.e.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for conversion of (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein to (3R,6′R)-&agr;-cryptoxanthin, (3R)-&bgr;-cryptoxanthin, anhydroluteins I, II, and III (dehydration products of lutein), and a method for separating and purifying the individual carotenoids including the unreacted (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin. The invention also includes two methods that transform (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein into (3R,6′R)-&agr;-cryptoxanthin in excellent yields.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds derived from the reaction of alkyl cyclopentenols and vinyl ethers are described. The carbonyl compounds described have excellent fragrance properties, and their use as fragrances and/or fragrance-enhancing compounds is also described. Processes for the preparation of the carbonyl compounds are described as well.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclohexanones from the corresponding phenols by partial hydrogenation, characterized in that the reaction mixture obtained by means of the hydrogenation is treated with sulfonating agents before the isolation of the cyclohexanone.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of anthraquinones of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which can be identical or different, are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl radical, in which 1,4-naphthoquinone is reacted with a 1,3-diene of the general formula II ##STR2## in a cycloaddition step to give the corresponding tetrahydroanthraquinone and the tetrahydroanthraquinone is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of a basic catalyst to give the anthraquinone, in which both the cycloaddition step and the oxidation step are carried out in the presence of an aqueous diluent.Preferably, the cycloaddition step and oxidation step are carried out at a reaction temperature between 90 and 110.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An optically active diphosphine having a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are difined in the specification and a metal complex comprising said optically active diphosphine are disclosed. A process for producing or purifying said optically active diphosphine is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated compounds of formula RCY(Z)CH.sub.2 CH(X)C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 COR.sup.1 where X, Y and Z are halo, R is alkyl, halo, haloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, alkyl or haloalkyl, or the residue of a pyrethroidal alcohol, in which a compound of formula CH.sub.2 =CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 COR.sup.1 is reacted with a sulphonyl halide of formula RCY(Z)SO.sub.2 X. The process avoids the use of volatile halocarbons in the production of valuable intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ketones which comprises reacting a conjugated diolefin and water in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:a) a group VIII metal compound, andb) a source of protons.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of olefinically unsaturated substrates of the formula R--CH.dbd.CH-R' wherein R and R' are independently selected from members of the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and halo-, cyano- and ether-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl and aryl which comprises reacting in the liquid phase said substrate with a rhodium nitro complex of the formula L.sub.n RhNO.sub.2, wherein n is 4 or 5 and wherein L.sub.n represents any combination of monodentate, bidentate, tridentate and tetradentate ligands such as to provide four or five bonding sites, for a time sufficient to produce an oxidized product of the formula RCH.sub.2 C(O)R' and a reduced product of the formula L.sub.n RhNO is disclosed. A preferred embodiment of the process wherein the rhodium nitro complex contains at least one ligand replaceable by olefin to be oxidized and operates to produce the oxidized product RCH.sub.2 C(O)R' in the absence of other Group VIII metals as co-catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydration and condensation of acetylene in a crude acetylene stream containing water in the presence of a zirconia-alumina catalyst containing water to prepare aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated compounds suitable for use as high octane liquid water fuels and as octane improvers for motor fuels is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins by vapor phase oxidation of the olefin in the presence of water vapor, and optionally in the additional presence of molecular oxygen employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd and La and compounds and complexes thereof, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins in the vapor phase in the presence of water vapor employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising rhenium compounds and complexes, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: Insecticidally active vinyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting ##STR2## in which R.sup.12 is a radical selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## with an alcoholate of the formulaM--O--R.sup.8.Various processes for making the intermediates are also described. Many of the intermediates and end products are new.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins in the vapor phase in the presence of water vapor employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a molybdenum disulfide catalyst formed by the thermal decomposition of a thiomolybdate compound. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an acyl group or certain optionally halo-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, and X is --CH.sub.2 CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CHO, --CH.dbd.CHOR.sup.2 in which R.sup.2 is acyl, --CHO,--C(O)Cl, --C(O)Br or --C(O)OR in which R is H, a salt-forming cation, an alkyl group or the residue of a pyrethroid alcohol are new pesticides or intermediates therefore. The compounds are prepared using a multi-step synthesis starting from the natural terpene, 3-carene.

Abstract: A process for converting a desired olefin to the corresponding olefin oxide, such as propylene oxide, and/or ketone comprising reacting a mixture of the olefin, thallic oxide, carbon dioxide and water in a substantially organic solvent-free reaction zone; withdrawing a product stream from the reaction zone, the stream comprising the olefin and ketone product; separating and collecting the olefin oxide and ketone product from the stream; contacting the reduced thallous values present in the mixture with molecular oxygen and an effective catalyst to back oxidize the thallous values to their original thallic form; separating and recycling back to the reaction mixture the regenerated thallic values.

Abstract: New bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ones of the formulae Ia and Ib in the form of pure enantiomers and processes for preparing them are described. The compounds are used for the preparation of pure enantiomers of the formula V by sensitized photoreaction or of compounds of the formula VI by unsensitized photoreaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of synthesizing 3-amino-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenones possessing an aliphatic substituent in the 4-position which comprises reacting cyanoacetamide with an aliphatic aldehyde to yield the corresponding .beta.-substituted-.alpha.,.alpha.'-dicyanoglutaramide, hydrolyzing the amide to the corresponding .beta.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aldehyde or a ketone by ozonolysis of an ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of an anti-oxidant followed by reductive cleavage of the ozonolysis product.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an acyl group or certain optionally halo-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, and X is --CH.sub.2 CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CHO, --CH.dbd.CHOR.sup.2 in which R.sup.2 is acyl, --CHO, --C(O)Cl, --C(O)Br or --C(O)OR in which R is H, a salt-forming cation, an alkyl group or the residue of a pyrethroid alcohol are new pesticides or intermediates therefore. The compounds are prepared using a multi-step synthesis starting from the natural terpene, 3-carene.