Abstract: Disclosed are processes for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, and an S-containing component, comprising a step of removing at least a portion of the S-containing component to reduce poisoning of a hydrogenation catalyst used for hydrogenating phenol to cyclohexanone.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, and a catalyst poison component, comprising a step of removing at least a portion of the catalyst poison component to reduce poisoning of a hydrogenation catalyst used for hydrogenating phenol to cyclohexanone.

Abstract: In a process for separating a mixture comprising cyclohexanone and phenol, at least a portion of the mixture is distilled in the presence of a solvent including at least two alcoholic hydroxyl groups attached to non-adjacent saturated carbon atoms, water, and in the presence or absence of a hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II): wherein R1, the same or different at each occurrence, is independently an alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and/or R3 is hydrogen or the following group: and in the presence or absence of an enol-ether derived from the hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II), wherein the total concentration of the hemiketal and enol-ether, expressed in term of weight percentage of the total weight of the feed to the distilling step, is at most 0.01%.

Abstract: An optically active bicyclic compound is efficiently produced by optical resolution using an optically active amine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering a water-soluble complex mixture of organic compounds from an aqueous stream through extraction and/or through contact of the aqueous stream with a sorbent or sorbents selected from the group consisting of polymeric microreticular sorbent resins, zeolite-based adsorbents, clay-based adsorbents, activated carbon-based sorbents, and mixtures thereof; and including methods to recover and upgrade the removed organic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an efficient method for industrially producing a naturally-derived carotenoid composition with a large amount of a carotenoid such as astaxanthin from a culture of a yeast of the genus Xanthophyllomyces without requiring any special extraction equipment and any complicated refinement process and without any need for organic solvents harmful to humans. Provided is a method for producing a carotenoid composition, including the steps of washing a carotenoid-containing yeast of the genus Xanthophyllomyces with an organic solvent (A) at 30° C. or lower, and extracting a carotenoid from the washed yeast with an organic solvent (B) at 10° C. to 70° C.

Abstract: With respect to reduced coenzyme Q10, there has been no report about the presence of crystal polymorphism, and it has been considered that a conventionally obtained crystal form is only one form. The present invention relates to a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal having an endothermic peak indicating melting at 54±2° C. during temperature rise at a rate of 5° C./min by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and/or to a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal showing characteristic peaks at diffraction angles (2?±0.2°) of 11.5°, 18.2°, 19.3°, 22.3°, 23.0° and 33.3° by powder X-ray (Cu—K?) diffraction. The crystal form is a novel reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which has a higher melting point and a lower solubility in a solvent, and is more excellent in stability than the conventionally known reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) in the presence of at least one defoamer in the wastewater column in the workup section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process that may be used in connection with the production of phenol. In the process, a composition comprising: (i) cyclohexylbenzene; and (ii) a hydrogenable component are contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions. The hydrogenable component can be one or more of an olefin, a ketone or phenol. The hydrogenation catalyst has hydrogenation component and a support.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel spiroenones extracted from an alcohol extract of dehulled adlay seeds. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the spiroenones and a method for treating breast cancer in a subject, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of the spiroenone and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Abstract: Methods for continuously preparing cyclohexanone from phenol make use of a catalyst having at least one catalytically active metal selected from platinum and palladium. The process includes enriching phenol in a distillation fraction as compared to a subsequent fraction, wherein the subsequent fraction includes phenol and side-products having a higher boiling point than phenol. Distillation is carried out in a vacuum distillation column equipped with trays in the lower part of the column. In an upper part of the column, i.e., in the part above the feed inlet, packing material is present instead of trays in at least part thereof. The packing material has a comparable or improved separating efficiency, and provides a reduction of the pressure drop by at least 30%, preferably more than 50%, as compared to the case with trays in the upper part, under otherwise similar distillation conditions.

Abstract: A method for cultivating Monarda fistulosa for production of thymoquinone includes planting seeds at rates between about 2.5 and about 5 pounds per acre, preferably about 4 pounds per acre. The heavy rate of planting produces plants bearing oil without weed contamination and reduces herbicide use due to production of natural herbicides by the monarda plants. Seeding and mowing the first season, and harvesting in seasons thereafter reduce costs. The method results in increased production of essential oils including thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone at levels up to about 5% of recovered oils, and which may be distilled from the plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously preparing cyclohexanone from phenol making use of a catalyst comprising at least one catalytically active metal selected from platinum and palladium comprising hydrogenating phenol to form a product stream comprising cyclohexanone and unreacted phenol; separating at least part of the product stream, or at least part of the product stream from which one or more components having a lower boiling point than cyclohexanone have been removed, into a first fraction comprising cyclohexanone and a second fraction comprising phenol and cyclohexanol, using distillation; separating the second fraction into a third fraction, rich in cyclohexanol, and a fourth fraction, rich in phenol, using distillation; —subjecting at least part of the fourth fraction to a further distillation step, thereby forming a fifth fraction and a sixth fraction, wherein the fifth fraction is enriched in phenol compared to the sixth fraction, and wherein the sixth fraction comprises side-p

Abstract: The present invention provides novel spiroenones extracted from an alcohol extract of dehulled adlay seeds. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the spiroenones and a method for treating breast cancer in a subject, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of the spiroenone and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Abstract: Beneficial and synergistic effects for alleviating joint pain and symptoms of osteoarthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis have been found with krill oil and/or marine oil in combination with other active constituents, including astaxanthin and polymeric hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronan) in an oral dosage form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing the relative ratio of 3-hydroxy-3?,4?-didehydro- ?, ?-caroten-4-one (HDCO) to astaxanthin in a composition containing astaxanthin and HDCO by contacting the composition with an acidic medium having a pH of 3 or less and/or a basic medium having a pH of 9 or greater, and also relates to a method for producing an astaxanthin-containing composition which includes reducing the relative ratio of HDCO by the above method. By means of the method of the present invention, the relative ratio of HDCO, the biological function of which is not known, in an astaxanthin-containing composition can be easily reduced.

Abstract: A novel compound 5,8a-di-1-propyl 1-octahydronapthalen-1-(2H) One, and a process for isolating the compound and provides the process for isolation of the compound 5,8a-di-1-propyl 1-octahydronapthalen-1-(2H) One from Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan caraway) seeds involving washing the seeds, drying the same and crushing it to form a powder; subjecting the powder to solvent extraction; isolating the active compound by chromatography; cooling the fractions; and subjecting the fractions to the step of crystallization in pure methanol.

Abstract: Oxidation of an alkane to an alkanone in a process stream forms aldehyde-based impurities. A method of minimizing the aldehyde-based impurities introduces an amine into the process stream to minimize the aldehyde-based impurities. The amine interacts with the alkanone and the aldehyde-based impurities thereby forming heavy products. The method separates the heavy products from the alkanones to reduce a level of the aldehyde-based impurities. The process stream preferably includes cyclohexyl ketone as the alkanone and n-hexanal as the aldehyde-based impurity. The method is typically involved in synthesis of a caprolactam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysis of fat-soluble components, in particular fat-soluble dyes, from biological materials, in particular foods and feeds, having facilitated extraction of the fat-soluble components from the biological materials with use of suitable dilution solutions and of the extractability using pertinent organic solvents or organic solvent mixtures and also an enrichment and separation method, with subsequent digital evaluation and documentation. It is proposed to treat the biological materials first with a dilution medium which makes the fat-soluble components more readily extractable from the complex biological matrix and subsequently with at least one organic solvent which extracts the components; the substances extracted into the organic supernatant are subsequently chromatographically enriched and separated and then visually assessed and/or measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity comprising a sesquiterpene derivative as an active ingredient. The sesquiterpene derivatives of the present invention leads to decrease in body fat weight, visceral fat weight and total cholesterol levels, triglyceride of plasma and liver tissue, blood glucose and blood insulin levels in a fast state, finally exhibiting efficacies on prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: Methods of purifying individual congeners of substituted cyclohexa-2,4-dienones, substituted cyclohexane-1,3,5-triones, substituted cyclopent-2-en-1-ones, and substituted 1,3-cyclopentadiones and compositions using the same are disclosed. The purification method includes the steps of: (a) selecting a congener to be isolated; (b) dissolving the mixture of congeners in a bi-phasic solvent system specific to the selected congener to be isolated, wherein said bi-phasic system has a partition coefficient from about 0.5 to 5.0; (c) subjecting the mixture dissolved in the bi-phasic solvent system to a counter current chromatography; and (d) isolating the selected congener in substantially pure form.

Abstract: Methods of purifying individual congeners of substituted cyclohexa-2,4-dienones, substituted cyclohexane-1,3,5-triones, substituted cyclopent-2-en-1-ones, and substituted 1,3-cyclopentadiones and compositions using the same are disclosed. The purification method includes the steps of: (a) selecting a congener to be isolated; (b) dissolving the mixture of congeners in a bi-phasic solvent system specific to the selected congener to be isolated, wherein said bi-phasic system has a partition coefficient from about 0.5 to 5.0; (c) subjecting the mixture dissolved in the bi-phasic solvent system to a counter current chromatography; and (d) isolating the selected congener in substantially pure form.

Abstract: Friedelin is a natural compound with promising proprieties. On its own or with chemical modification it is possible to introduce relevant biological activities, e.g., anti-cancer, anti-aging and agrochemical. Its availability in significant amounts has been a major drawback on its regular use and in the pursuit of different applications. Cork and cork-derived materials (e.g., black condensate) are the most relevant sources of Friedelin in nature (up to 10% in concentration). The present invention reports straight-forward procedures to extract and purify Friedelin from cork and cork-derived materials (e.g., black condensate). It uses solvent extraction and (re)crystallization techniques easy to scale up to an industrial level, with a low solvent and low time consumption, high yields, up to 2.9%, and high purity degrees, up to 96%.

Abstract: A system and a method for preparing cycloalkanone are provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) oxidizing cycloalkane to form a mixture containing ketone, alcohol and unreacted cycloalkane; (b) adding to the mixture alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate to form a first mixed solution; (c) separating the first mixed solution into a first organic phase solution and a first aqueous phase solution; and (d) extracting the first organic phase solution by water to obtain a second organic phase solution and a second aqueous phase solution; and (e) distilling the second organic phase to separate out cycloalkanone. The method performs phase separation after a mixing step, and then performs water extraction, thereby effectively lowering the contents of the metal salts in the organic phases. Compared with acid-water extraction, the method not only provides better cooling effects but also reduces equipment corrosion, and therefore has the advantage of decreasing the need for sewage treatments.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a substantially total lipid fraction from fresh krill, a process for separating phospholipids from the other lipids, and a process for producing krill meal.

Abstract: Carotenoids are extracted and/or enriched from a mixture containing such compounds. The extraction/enrichment process involves the use of liquefied or supercritical solvents to extract lipids and carotenoids from carotenoid-containing substrates. The extraction process can also be performed in two steps in which lipids and carotenoids are first removed from a carotenoid-containing substrate with a liquefied or supercritical solvent, and subsequently a liquefied or supercritical gas is used to separate the lipids from the carotenoids. The two step process can be reversed to first extract lipids with the liquefied or supercritical gas, and subsequently use the solvent to extract the carotenoids. The process is also applicable to yield an organic solvent-free product from a carotenoid-containing source that was first extracted using an organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises thermal treatment of the composition (I) with at least one acid and further purification by means of a process selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization, Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclododecanone, which comprises such a purification, and the use of at least one acid for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms by thermal treatment of the composition (I) with the acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises thermal treatment of the composition (I) with a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal and further purification by means of a process selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclododecanone, which comprises such a purification, and the use of at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms by thermal treatment of the composition (I) with a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal.

Abstract: A system and a method for preparing cycloalkanone are provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) oxidizing cycloalkane to form a mixture containing ketone, alcohol and unreacted cycloalkane; (b) adding to the mixture alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate to form a first mixed solution; (c) separating the first mixed solution into a first organic phase solution and a first aqueous phase solution; and (d) extracting the first organic phase solution by water to obtain a second organic phase solution and a second aqueous phase solution; and (e) distilling the second organic phase to separate out cycloalkanone. The method performs phase separation after a mixing step, and then performs water extraction, thereby effectively lowering the contents of the metal salts in the organic phases. Compared with acid-water extraction, the method not only provides better cooling effects but also reduces equipment corrosion, and therefore has the advantage of decreasing the need for sewage treatments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I), method of preparation, pharmaceutical preparation containing said compound, and the use of said compound in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical preparation for the prevention and treatment of cancer by way of inhibiting the proliferation of carcinoma cells of the cervix and ovaries.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing cyclobutanone derivatives, comprising adding at least one of an alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal carbonate, and alkaline earth metal oxide as a stabilizer to at least one cyclobutanone derivative of the structure where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, halogen, cyano or carboxyl group; and the correspondingly stabilized cyclobutanone derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active aldehydes or ketones which have from 3 to 25 carbon atoms and at least one racemizable stereocenter by catalytic dehydrogenation of the corresponding optically active primary or secondary alcohols in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Carotenoids are extracted and/or enriched from a mixture containing such compounds. The extraction/enrichment process involves the use of liquefied or supercritical solvents to extract lipids and carotenoids from carotenoid-containing substrates. The extraction process can also be performed in two steps in which lipids and carotenoids are first removed from a carotenoid-containing substrate with a liquefied or supercritical solvent, and subsequently a liquefied or supercritical gas is used to separate the lipids from the carotenoids. The two step process can be reversed to first extract lipids with the liquefied or supercritical gas, and subsequently use the solvent to extract the carotenoids. The process is also applicable to yield an organic solvent-free product from a carotenoid-containing source that was first extracted using an organic solvent.

Abstract: A reaction mixture obtained by reacting a substrate in the presence of an imide compound having an imide unit represented by the formula (1) can be efficiently separated through crystallization and/or extraction with a specific solvent into the imide compound and a reaction product. (In the formula, X represents oxygen, hydroxyl, or acyloxy.) Furthermore, a mixture comprising the imide compound and a metal catalyst can be efficiently separated through crystallization, adsorption, and/or extraction into the imide compound and the metal catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for making particularly branched, especially monomethyl-branched or nongeminal dimethyl-branched surfactants used in cleaning products; preferred processes comprising particular combinations of two or more adsorptive separation steps and, more preferably, particular OXO and/or alkylation steps; products of such processes, including certain modified primary OXO alcohols and/or alkylbenzenes, modified primary OXO alcohol-derived alkoxylated alcohols, alkylsulfates and/or alkoxysulfates; alkylbenzensulfonate surfactants, and consumer cleaning products, especially laundry detergents, containing them. Preferred processes herein more specifically use specific, unconventional sequences of sorptive separation steps to secure certain branched hydrocarbon fractions which are used in further process steps to make olefins useful in OXO processes or as alkylating agents for arenes or for other useful surfactant-making purposes.

Abstract: A method for reducing the concentration of cyclohexenone in a cyclohexenone containing organic mixture is disclosed. The method includes contacting an organic mixture comprising cyclohexenone with an effective amount of at least one of sulfurous acid, a salt of sulfurous acid, an alkali hydroxide, or a mixture of two or more of these compounds.

Abstract: A process for the purification of 1,3-diketones comprising reacting a 1,3-diketone with an earth metal or alkaline earth metal complexing agent in an organic solvent, isolating, washing and decomposing the resulting complex, and isolating the purified 1,3-diketone.

Abstract: Lower alkyl- and lower alkylidene-substituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclohexadecanones are grand fragrances with muscone note with which perfumes with new odor notes can be prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anti-microbial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud) Wats and the process of isolation of novel sesquiterpene compound which is mainly responsible for the strong anti-microbial/anti-bacterial activity. The present invention particularly relates to anti-bacterial activity of the essential oil and a pure isolate identified as (+)-1-bisabolone of formula 1 against gram positive bacteria from a strain of a grass identified as Cymbopogon flexuosus.

Abstract: Trans-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone, including (1S,6R)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1a): and (1R,6S)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1b): are useful components in a perfume composition. A process for producing the same is also described. A unique eucalyptus, mint-like and white floral perfume material is provided using the ketone compounds disclosed in the present invention. The process of the present invention produces the optically active ketone compounds having optical purity up to at least 98.0 % e.e.

Abstract: This invention describes heretofore unknown forms of dihydro (DHIA) and hexahydro (HHIA) isoalpha acids having a high ratio of trans to cis isomers and a process for their production. Also, non-precipitating clear 5, 10, 20% and higher aqueous solutions thereof, since they are soluble at room temperature in soft water. This is due to the high ratio of trans to cis isomers. Unlike prior art essentially all cis isomer products, they remain haze free both at a neutral pH in water and at 1% to 2% and higher concentrations. This invention has the advantage over the prior art in that DHIA and HHIA can be provided as stable, non-separating liquids, at practical concentrations in the range of 5% to about 40%, which do not require heating to about 50° to 90° C. and above with stirring to effect dissolution of precipitates. The high trans products described herein can be admixed with isoalpha- and tetrahydro-isoalpha acids.

Abstract: Improved, safe process for the purification of ketones obtained by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction of the corresponding terpenes, in which, after the ozonolysis and reduction of acyclic mono-, bi- or tricyclic terpenes with ozonizable double bonds, converting the resulting corresponding crude ketone into a high-purity ketone by means of steam distillation at atmospheric pressure or at reduced pressure, extraction of the steam distillate and subsequent distillation.

Abstract: This invention describes heretofore unknown forms of dihydro (DHIA) and hexahydro (HHIA) isoalpha acids having a high ratio of trans to cis isomers and a process for their production. Also, non-precipitating clear 5, 10, 20% and higher aqueous solutions thereof, since they are soluble at room temperature in soft water. This is due to the high ratio of trans to cis isomers. Unlike prior art essentially all cis isomer products, they remain haze free both at a neutral pH in water and at 1% to 2% and higher concentrations. This invention has the advantage over the prior art in that DHIA and HHIA can be provided as stable, non-separating liquids, at practical concentrations in the range of 5% to about 40%, which do not require heating to about 50° to 90° C. and above with stirring to effect dissolution of precipitates. The high trans products described herein can be admixed with isoalpha- and tetrahydro-isoalpha acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carvone comprises hydrogenating carvoxime in the presence of a selecively poisoned catalyst. Preferred catalysts include noble metals supported on inorganic materials poisoned with a catalyst modifier. In a preferred embodiment of the process defined herein, the crude carvone reaction product produced in accordance with the process of the invention, is purified by treating the crude carvone product with an organometallic compound M(X)n wherein M is a polyvalent metal, n is the valence of M and X denotes an inorganic or organic atom or group.

Abstract: A process for the recovery and purification of cyclobutanone from a crude product mixture obtained from an oxidation product mixture resulting from the oxidation of cyclobutanol to cyclobutanone in the presence of water. The process provides for the recovery of cyclobutanone in a purity of at least 90 weight percent by a combination of distillation steps.

Abstract: Improved, safe process for the purification of ketones obtained by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction of the corresponding terpenes, in which, after the ozonolysis and reduction of acyclic mono-, bi- or tricyclic terpenes with ozonizable double bonds, converting the resulting corresponding crude ketone into a high-purity ketone by means of steam distillation at atmospheric pressure or at reduced pressure, extraction of the steam distillate and subsequent distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate containing an impurity. The process includes bringing the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate into contact with a poor solvent in which 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate is substantially insoluble, thereby removing the impurity from the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Alternatively, the process includes precipitating crystals of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate from a solution of the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Thus, it is possible to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate of high purity. This product makes it easy to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone of high purity.

Abstract: A method of killing protozoa comprises subjecting the protozoa to an effective amount of extract of the hop plant. Such protozoicidal effect is increased when the hop extract is further treated with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for making cyclopentene derivatives of the formula (IX): by acidolysis of an intermediate epoxide of formula (VIII): is described.

Abstract: Amino-amide ruthenium complexes of the general formula RuH(L′{—H})(Y) and RuX(L′{—H})(Y) wherein X signifies chlorine, bromine or iodine, Y signifies a neutral ligand, L′ signifies a monosulphonylated diamine of the general formula R1SO2—HN—CH2—(CH2)n—CH2—NHR4  II′ R1 signifies optionally mono- or multiply fluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, optionally mono- or multiply-substituted aryl, heteroaryl or camphor-10-yl, R4 signifies hydrogen or alkyl, and n signifies 0, 1, 2 or 3. is described.