Abstract: Novel polycyclic cannabinoid analogs are presented which have preferentially high affinities for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor sites. The improved receptor affinity makes these analogs therapeutically useful as medications in individuals and animals for treatment of pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, nausea associated with chemotherapy.

Abstract: Described are polyalkylbicylic chemical derivatives for use a fragrance ingredients having the generic structure: wherein m=0 or 1; wherein X is methyl or hydrogen; wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each represents methyl or ethyl with the proviso that when X is methyl, each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is methyl and when X is hydrogen, one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is ethyl; and wherein R6 represents hydrogen or methyl. Methods for using and making these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenyl-substituted cyclopentane- and cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A, B, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, G and m are as defined in the disclosure, to processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides, microbicides and/or herbicides.

Abstract: The compound according to the formula set forth below and the use of the compound in creating fragrances, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the perfumery industry. It concerns more particularly a ?-? unsaturated hindered ketone of formula wherein R represents, simultaneously or independently, a C1 to C4 linear or branched alkyl group, and in the form of any one of its isomers, i.e. optical isomers or diastereoisomers, or of a mixture thereof. The use of the compound as a perfuming ingredient, as well as the perfumed articles or perfuming compositions that contain as an active ingredient a compound of formula (I), are also embodiments of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for producing pseudoionones of general formulas (I) and (I?) as well as isomers thereof, whereby: R1 represents CH3 or (a); R2 and R3 represent hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, and; R4 and R5 represent hydrogen or CH3. These pseudoionones are produced by reacting an aldehyde of formula (II) with an excess of a ketone of general formula (III), whereby R1, R2 and R3 have the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of water and alkali hydroxide at an increased temperature and in a homogeneous solution. The inventive process is characterized in that: a) the intermixing of the homogeneous solution consisting of aldehyde, ketone and aqueous alkali lye occurs at a temperature ranging from 10 to 120° C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel 3-cyclopropyl-1-propanone compounds of the general formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each independently is a hydrogen or a straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon moiety consisting of less then 10, preferably less then 5 carbon atoms and containing single and/or double bonds; wherein m and n each independently is an integer of 0–10; and wherein the dotted line represents a possible double bond.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the catalytic oxidation of an alkane, which comprises contacting the alkane with a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound of the formula (2) where R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group, or R1 and R2 may together form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; Y represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; X represents an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group; m denotes an integer of 0 to 4; and n denotes an integer of 1 to 3. Compounds in accordance with formula (2) possess good catalytic properties, such that when they are employed in a process in accordance with the present invention, they are capable of activating a source of oxygen and promoting the oxidation of an alkane at mild reaction temperatures.

Abstract: A series of aryl piperazine compounds are effective pharmaceuticals for the treatment of conditions related to or affected by the serotonin 1A receptor; the compounds are particularly effective antagonists at that receptor, and are particularly useful for alleviating the symptoms of nicotine and tobacco withdrawal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel compounds of formula (I), wherein the dotted line bond is present or not, and wherein R1 represents: when the dotted line bond is present —CHCH3OH or —CHCH3OCOR or —CHCH3XCH2CHOHR? or —CHCH3OCHR?CH2OH or formula (II) when the dotted line bond is absent —CHCH3OH or —CHCH3OCOR or —COCH3 or formula (II) or —CHCH3XCH2CHOHR? or —CH2CH2XCH2CHOHR? or —CHCH3OCHR?CH2OH or —CHCHCOR? or —CH2CH2CHR?OH or —CH2CH2CHR?OCOR or CHCHCHOHR? or —CHCHCHR?OCOR, wherein R represents H, Me, Et, Pr, isoPr, But, isoBut, CH3CH2)4, (CH3)2CHCH2, CH2CH, (CH3)2CCH, and R? represents H, Me or Et, and X represents O, N or S, and their preparation method. Because of their fragrance, said compounds are highly interesting for the perfume industry, for cosmetic and care products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fragrance precursor of formula I: that is capable of forming a fragrant ketone of formula II: and a fragrant lactone of formula III:

Abstract: A method for liquid phase oxidation of a cycloalkane compound is provided by which the cycloalkane compound intended to be oxidized mixes with water to form an azeotropic mixture, and then an oxygen enriched gas is introduced to perform an oxidation reaction. This method is particularly suitable for liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane by using an oxygen enriched gas or pure oxygen, which not only enhances conversion rate and selectivity of the cyclohexane oxidation process but also improves process safety in the use of an oxygen enriched gas or pure oxygen for cyclohexane oxidation.

Abstract: A method for carrying out a reaction of one substance capable of being activated by a catalyst with another substance capable of reacting with said one substance activated, characterized in that the substance capable of being activated is activated by passing the substance through a diaphragm type catalyst and the reaction is thus performed in one reaction step; a method for producing an aromatic alcohol utilizing the above method; and a reaction apparatus suitable for these reactions. In the method, one substance is activated by passing through a diaphragm type catalyst and an objective reaction is carried out by using the activated substance, and the reaction can be performed in one reaction step and with safety. Moreover, the contact of the above activated substance with a compound to be reacted therewith can be freely controlled, and therefore, over-reaction can be prevented and an objective product can be produced in high yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for producing a the intermediary compound ?,??,dicyano-?,?-pentamethyleneglutarimide. The process includes the steps of reacting a ketone such as cyclohexanone with ethylcyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I: wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, by conversion of a compound of formula II: reaction of that compound with a compound of formula IV: X—C(O)—Q??(IV), wherein X is a leaving group, to form a compound of formula V: and treatment of that compound in the presence of a base with catalytic amounts of cyanide ions.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of a nucleophile, e.g., hydride, to cyclic and acyclic enoates and enones. In certain embodiments of the methods of the present invention, the transition metal catalyst consists essentially of copper and an asymmetric bidentate bisphosphine ligand.

Abstract: Trans-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone, including (1S,6R)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1a): and (1R,6S)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone represented by the formula (1b): are useful components in a perfume composition. A process for producing the same is also described. A unique eucalyptus, mint-like and white floral perfume material is provided using the ketone compounds disclosed in the present invention. The process of the present invention produces the optically active ketone compounds having optical purity up to at least 98.0 % e.e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying aqueous effluents containing in particular peroxidized compounds. It relates more particularly to a method of purifying aqueous effluents comprising a method of anaerobic biological decomposition of the compounds contained in the effluent. The effluents are treated prior to their anaerobic biological decomposition, in a deperoxidation step in order to reduce the concentration of peroxide and to avoid the harmful effect of these compounds on the enzymes or bacteria.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for preparing an oxidic catalyst comprising copper in an oxidation state >0, which comprises treating a solid oxidic support material with an aqueous solution comprising at least one copper salt and at least one organic water soluble polymer which binds copper ions coordinatively in a concentration of from 0.1 to 100 g/l and then calcining, to the catalyst obtainable by this process and also to a process for dehydrogenating secondary alcohols to ketones using the catalysts, especially for dehydrogenating cyclohexanol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP) decomposition using in aqueous alkaline solution in presence of cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides B-ring expanded estra-1,3,5(10)-triene compounds of general formula (1) which modulate the polymerization of tubulin and/or the depolymerization of microtubules. The compounds have anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. The invention also provides methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds for the treatment of cancer or other mammalian diseases characterized by undesirable angiogenesis. The compounds of the invention are also expected to have utility as research tools.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variety of methods that are based on stereoselective epoxidation of an olefin by an epoxidizing agent derived from a reaction between an oxidizing agent and a chiral ketone. For example, present invention provides methods for producing an epoxide from an olefin, for increasing a relative concentration of at least one stereoisomer of an olefin, and for stereoselectively producing an &agr;-acyloxy carbonyl compound. Preferably, the chiral ketone is of the formula: or a derivative thereof which is capable of converting to the chiral ketone of Formula I under the reaction conditions, where a, b, n, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are those defined herein.

Abstract: The compound according to the formula set forth below where A is B is or A and B together form the ring structure and X, R′ and R are independently H and CH3 and m=0 or 1. and the use of the compound in creating fragrances, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for producing a the intermediary compound &agr;,&agr;′,dicyano-&bgr;,&bgr;-pentamethyleneglutarimide. The process includes the steps of reacting a ketone such as cyclohexanone with ethylcyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: Improved, safe process for the purification of ketones obtained by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction of the corresponding terpenes, in which, after the ozonolysis and reduction of acyclic mono-, bi- or tricyclic terpenes with ozonizable double bonds, converting the resulting corresponding crude ketone into a high-purity ketone by means of steam distillation at atmospheric pressure or at reduced pressure, extraction of the steam distillate and subsequent distillation.

Abstract: The invention deals with the derivatives of benzilidine having basic formula as follows (I): wherein X can be cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or acetone, while Y and Z can be either electron withdrawing, electron donating or steric group. Y may or may not be the same with Z. Methyl, ethyl, methoxy group or halogen were prefered in the experiment. The benzilidine cyclohexanone, benzilidine cyclopentanone, and benzilidine acetone derivates were found to be novel compounds showing anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities that enable them to be used for drug.

Abstract: The compound according to the formula set forth below 1

Abstract: The present invention is a fragrance precursor of formula I: for a fragrant ketone of formula II: and a fragrant ester of formula III: wherein, R1 to R5 represent independently H, —NO2, linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkinyl or C1-C4-alkoxy, R1 and R2,R2 and R3, R3 and R4, and R4 and R5 may form together one or two aliphatic or aromatic rings, R6 and R7 are independently H, linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkinyl, and R8 and R9 are the residues of an acid R8-COOH and an alcohol R9OH respectively forming the fragrant ester of formula III. A method for providing an odor by admixing with a product a fragrance precursor as detailed above.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of a nucleophile, e.g., hydride, to cyclic and acyclic enoates and enones. In certain embodiments of the methods of the present invention, the transition metal catalyst consists essentially of copper and an asymmetric bidentate bisphosphine ligand.

Abstract: The novel ketones having the structure in which R is H or an alkyl group and X is a hydrocarbon group having between 4 and 12 carbon atoms, the ring being saturated or unsaturated, excluding 4-(1-ethylpropylidene)-1-cyclohexanone, 4-cyclohexylidene-1-cyclohexanone, 4-butylidene-1-cyclohex-2-enone, 4-(1-ethylpropylidene)-1-cyclohex-2-enone, 4-(2-methylpropylidene)-1-cyclohexanone, 4-cyclohexyliden-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 4-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenylidene)-1-cyclohexanone, 4-[4-(cyclohexyliden)cyclohexyliden]-1-cyclohexanone, 4-[4-(tert-butyl)cyclohexyliden]-1-cyclohexanone, 4-[-(cyclohexyl)cyclohexyliden]-1-cyclohexanone, 4-(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyliden)-2-cyclohexen-1-one and 4-(3-phenylpropylidene)-1-cyclohex-2-enone exhibit interesting odor characteristics, generally aldehydic in nature, and so find use in perfumes and in perfumed products.

Abstract: Enzymatic processes can produce intermediates for manufacturing retiferol derivatives that are useful for treating or preventing hyperproliferative skin diseases and for reversing conditions associated with photodamage. These processes can use as a starting material trihydroxycyclohexane, which can be chemically modified by a process that includes an enzymatic step, typically involving lipases of EC-class 3.1.1.3 or 3.1.1.34.

Abstract: Lower alkyl- and lower alkylidene-substituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclohexadecanones are grand fragrances with muscone note with which perfumes with new odor notes can be prepared.

Abstract: Catalyst mixtures are comprised of zinc oxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide, and an amount of chromium (III) oxide in an amount sufficient to improve conversion and/or selectivity of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone under cyclohexanol dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention is a process for the reduction of a carbonyl compound. More precisely, the invention relates to a process for reduction of an aldehyde and/or of a ketone. The reduction process of the invention, which consists of reacting a carbonyl compound with an alcohol in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, is characterized by the fact that it comprises: mixing, in any manner whatever, the carbonyl compound and the alcohol, passing said mixture over a catalyst bed containing at least one zeolite, subjecting the reaction mixture leaving the catalyst bed to recirculation over the catalyst bed, for a number of times that is sufficient to obtain the desired degree of conversion of the substrate.

Abstract: A stereospecific method for accomplishing the below reaction: results in the compound of formula 2 having the same stereochemistry at both carbon 1 and carbon 3 as that in the compound of formula 1. Thus, if carbon 3 is in the R-configuration in the compound of formula 1, then carbon 3 will be in the R-configuration in the compound of resulting formula 2. In the above process, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl that can be straight-chain or branched. The process functions using a fluorinated alcohol having a pKa less than about 9, in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The compounds of formula 1, as well as novel intermediates in this process, are useful in manufacturing vitamin D analogs.

Abstract: A process for the selective enzymatic hydroxylation of aldehydes and ketones using chiral anchor-protective groups.

Abstract: An improved process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides to form a decomposition reaction mixture containing the corresponding alcohol and ketone. The improvement relates to decomposing the hydroperoxide by contacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of a heterogenous catalyst of Au, Ag, Cu or a sol-gel compound containing particular combinations of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Zr, Ta, Si, Mg, Nb, Al and Ti wherein certain of those metals have been combined with an oxide, such as an inorganic matrix of hydroxides or oxides, or combinations thereof. The catalysts may also optionally be supported on a suitable support member and used in the presence of an additional metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketones of formula I. The new compounds exhibit an intense, very long lasting green galbanum-type odor with fruity undertones. Compositions containing these novel compounds are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns monomers with dilactonic cycle and the corresponding polymers, their preparation, and materials containing these polymers. The monomers are of formula (IIIa) ##STR1## in which R is the residue of an acid derived from an ose such as glyconic, gylcuronic or glycaric acid and X represents in particular a methylene or ethylene group optionally substituted by at least an alkyl, allyl, aryl or aralkyl. The corresponding polymers are in the form of degradable non-toxic products and are used for example for packaging (films) or in medicine (implants).

Abstract: Disclosed is the compound valiolone, which has the formula (I): ##STR1## a method of preparing valiolone, and a method of using valiolone to prepare acarbose and voglibose.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aminomethylene derivative represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is a cyclic oxo group selected from the group consisting of following general formulae (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent H, an alkyl group or the like; R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each independently represent an alkyl group or the like; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 may combine with each other to form a tetramethylene group or the like; R represents an alkyl group optionally containing OH or O; and n is an integer of 0 to 4, a process for the same, and the use thereof. The derivatives have an excellent ultraviolet absorption ability and a high optical stability.

Abstract: Spirocyclic compounds of the general formula (I) are provided which are powerful odorants. Compositions which include these compounds are also provided. They can be used, for instance, in perfumery.

Abstract: The invention relates to cinnamylidenecamphor derivatives of the formula (1) ##STR1## where the diene system is in the Z,Z, Z,E, E,Z or E,E configuration and R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, halogen, NR.sup.3 H, NR.sup.3.sub.2,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl,n is 1, 2,and to its use.

Abstract: In a process for preparing oxidation products of cyclohexane by catalytic oxidation with oxygen-containing gases in the liquid phase, where the gases are brought into contact essentially uniformly with the liquid cyclohexane in a reaction zone, liquid cyclohexane and the oxygen-containing gases are passed in countercurrent through the reaction zone.

Abstract: Unsubstituted or substituted cyclohexanones are advantageously prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding phenols in the presence of a palladium-on-carbon catalyst at from 100 to 250.degree. C. and from 1 to 20 bar of hydrogen pressure if the catalyst is mixed with a base component and from 20 to 200% by weight of water (based on the base component) and this mixture is used in the hydrogenation. For identical batches, this gives virtually identical hydrogenation times and virtually equally good yields of cyclohexanones.

Abstract: The compounds of formula ##STR1## in which R stands for a methyl or ethyl group, are used as perfume ingredients for the preparation of perfuming compositions and perfumed articles, to which they confer aromatic and thujonic notes. The compounds can be used in the form of a mixture of enantiomers or in an enantiomerically pure state. The invention also comprises original processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: Substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexanones are advantageously prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding phenols in the presence of a palladium-on-carbon catalyst at from 100 to 250.degree. C. and from 1 to 20 bar of hydrogen pressure if the reaction is carried out in the presence of straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkanes having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of over 70.degree. C. as solvents. This makes it possible to obtain substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexanones in short hydrogenation times and in high yields using low-toxicity, physically problem-free solvents which are easy to handle from a safety point of view.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of .alpha.-hydroxyketoalkyl derivatives as light protection filters for cosmetic or pharmaceutical products, the .alpha.-hydroxyketoalkyl group being linked, if appropriate via a spacer, to a chromophoric group which has an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of between 280 and 400 nm and has a conjugated .pi.-electron system of at least 8 .pi.-electrons, and to new .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl derivatives, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations comprising these derivatives as light protection substances.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds in which at least one hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring comprises bringing at least one of these compounds into contact with free hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises ruthenium and, if desired, at least one metal of transition groups I, VII and VIII in an amount of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, where the support has a mean pore diameter of at least 0.1 .mu.m, preferably at least 0.5 .mu.m, and a surface area of at most 15 m.sup.2 /g, preferably at most 10 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds corresponding to formulae (1a) and (1b) ##STR1##