Abstract: The use of compounds in the treatment of skin disorders is described. In particular, compounds having the general formula (I): are described. A process for preparing such compounds and their cosmetic or dermatological use are also described. The described compounds can act as bactericides. As a result, they can be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with the presence of bacteria, more specifically of P. acnes.

Abstract: An additive of an electrolyte of a lithium battery at least includes an initiator, where the initiator is decomposed at a temperature higher than a default temperature to generate free radicals. Also disclosed is an electrolyte of a lithium battery, at least including the above additive, carbonates, and a lithium salt.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a preparation method of parylene AF4, which provides a reactant and a reducing agent with the use of catalyst or exposure to UV light with photo-initiator, to shorten the reaction time as a result of minimized the byproduct(s) formation, and obtain high purity (>99.0%) of parylene AF4 product under high concentrated reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of making crystalline benzoyl peroxide particles having a particle size no greater than 25 microns and formed by wet milling in the absence of solvents and wherein the crystalline benzoyl peroxide is not irritating to the skin. A method of making a therapeutic or cosmetic composition comprising a water-based gel containing the crystalline benzoyl peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for topical use (including also dermatological compositions), for treating skin conditions and afflictions, such as rosacea and symptoms and conditions associated there from.

Abstract: Compounds of the following general formula (I): are described. Also described, are methods of preparing the compounds and their use in therapeutics.

Abstract: Crystalline benzoyl peroxide particles having a particle size no greater than 25 microns and formed by wet milling in the absence of solvents and wherein the crystalline benzoyl peroxide is not irritating to the skin. A therapeutic or cosmetic composition comprising a water-based gel containing the crystalline benzoyl peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a preparation method of parylene AF4, which provides a reactant and a reducing agent with the use of catalyst or exposure to UV light with photo-initiator, to shorten the reaction time as a result of minimized the byproduct(s) formation, and obtain high purity (>99.0%) of parylene AF4 product under high concentrated reaction mixture.

Abstract: Intermediate compositions, and in particular gels and suspensions for preparing foam compositions, are described. The compositions can include benzoyl peroxide. Also described, is the dermatological use of such compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficient and reliable preparation of organic peroxides, preferably dialkyl peroxides, peroxycarboxylic acids, peroxycarboxylic esters, diacyl peroxides, peroxycarbonate esters, peroxydicarbonates, ketone peroxides and perketals with the aid of at least one static micromixer and an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: This application refers to Organic Peroxides of the Dialcyl, Perester, Perketal, and Dialkyl classes, which were modified to resist to oxygen, destined to be used in the process of production of Power Wires and Cables, Shapes, flocculated, compact and spongeous, used for the assembly of sealing of doors, trunks and windows in the automobile industry and civil construction, and also in the process of continuous vulcanization in hot air tunnel, in presence of oxygen, with the application of modified Organic Peroxides.

Abstract: A method for functionalizing the wall of single-wall or multi-wall carbon nanotubes involves the use of acyl peroxides to generate carbon-centered free radicals. The method allows for the chemical attachment of a variety of functional groups to the wall or end cap of carbon nanotubes through covalent carbon bonds without destroying the wall or endcap structure of the nanotube. Carbon-centered radicals generated from acyl peroxides can have terminal functional groups that provide sites for further reaction with other compounds. Organic groups with terminal carboxylic acid functionality can be converted to an acyl chloride and further reacted with an amine to form an amide or with a diamine to form an amide with terminal amine. The reactive functional groups attached to the nanotubes provide improved solvent dispersibility and provide reaction sites for monomers for incorporation in polymer structures. The nanotubes can also be functionalized by generating free radicals from organic sulfoxides.

Abstract: The stabilization of benzoyl peroxide for extended periods of time is disclosed. The stabilized solution contains from between 0.5% and 20% organic peroxide and a stabilizer for preventing degradation of said peroxide in the solution.

Abstract: A process for producing organic peroxide initiators useful in the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The process for making the organic peroxides includes forming an aqueous emulsion of the organic peroxide. The organic peroxide is dispersed as small droplets of from 1 to 10 microns in size in the aqueous emulsion. The organic peroxide may be added to a polymerization reactor containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The organic peroxide functions as a free radical initiator to polymerize the monomer. The organic peroxide may be substantially free of organic solvents and plasticizers. The resulting polymers are of high quality.

Abstract: Methods of making compositions including fluorinated peroxides are disclosed. The compositions are useful, for example, for reacting with organic compounds. In one embodiment, novel peroxides are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of diacyl peroxide by contacting acyl halide and peroxide complex in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Perfluoroether acylperoxides having an average equivalent weight in the range of 350-5000, and of the following formulae: Y′—(CF2—CF(CF3)O)m—(CX′FO)n—CF2CO—O—O—CO—CF2—(OCX′F)n—(OCF(CF3)—CF2)—Y′  (I) wherein Y′=Cl, ORf wherein Rf is a C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl; m, n are integers such that the average equivalent weight of (I) is in the range of 350-5000 and m/n≧40; X′=F, CF3; T—CF2—O—[(CF2CF2O)p—(CF2O)q—CF2—CO—O—O—CO—CF2(OCF2)q—(OCF2CF2)p]y—OCF2—COOH  (II) wherein y is an integer comprised between 1 and 5; p and q are integers such as to give the above mentioned EW and p/q=0.5 to 2.0; T=COOH, F with the proviso that when T=COOH y=1-5, when T=F then y=1, and processes for manufacturing them.

Abstract: A process for the faster manufacturing of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon and chlorocarbon acyl peroxides is disclosed wherein a hydroxide, a peroxide and an acyl halide are reacted under continuous vigorous agitation conditions so as to bring the reaction to substantial completion is less than one minute.

Abstract: A process for the faster manufacturing of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon and chlorocarbon acyl peroxides is disclosed wherein a hydroxide, a peroxide and an acyl halide are reacted under continuous vigorous agitation conditions so as to bring the reaction to substantial completion is less than one minute.

Abstract: Organic peroxide compositions which contain a cyclic .alpha.-diketone compound to retard the rate of decomposition of the peroxide compound are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacylperoxide vinyl ester of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkylene residue which can be straight-chained, branched or cyclic and which can contain 2 to 10 C atoms or R is an aryl residue, suitable for copolymerization with olefinic unsaturated monomers under conditions in which they do not yet radically decompose.

Abstract: Stable, solid acetyl peroxyborate compounds which are active oxygen-containing compounds derived from acetic acid and boron-oxygen compounds. The compounds of the invention have a peracetic acid content which can be liberated instantly and directly in water with only minor formation of hydrogen peroxide The acetyl peroxyborates of the invention are useful in washing, bleaching and cleaning agent and disinfectant applications and as oxidizing agents in organic synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface-active peroxides which can be employed as emulsifying initiators for the preparation of low-electrolyte polymer dispersions having a low tendency to foam.

Abstract: An ester type polymeric peroxide; has a peroxide group of the formula (I): ##STR1## a group of the formula (I') ##STR2## a group of the formula (II) ##STR3## wherein X stands for one member selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --C.tbd.C-- and ##STR4## continuously bound such that I and I' occur randomly in alternation with II, having a (I):(I') molar ratio in the range of from 9:1 to 1:9 and the [(I)+(I')]:(II) molar ratio in the range of from 6:4 to 4:6, and having an average molecular weight in the range of from 1,000 to 20,000, a polymerization initiator for vinyl type monomer comprising said ester type polymeric peroxide and method for the production of a block copolymer of vinyl type monomer by said polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Multifunctional cyclobutarene peroxide polymerization initiators comprising at least one cyclobutarene moiety linked through the aromatic ring to at least one peroxide containing group which catalyze free radical polymerizations, as well as participate in cyclobutarene initiated ring opening polymerizations. The cyclobutarene peroxides of this invention are useful for the production of cross-linked, branched and graft polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A polyfluoroalkanoyl peroxide has the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 each represent an integer of 0 to 8 and n.sub.1 plus n.sub.2 is 1 or larger.

Abstract: Multifunctional cyclobutarene peroxide polymerization initiators comprising at least one cyclobutarene moiety linked through the aromatic ring to at least one peroxide containing group which catalyze free radical polymerizations, as well as participate in cyclobutarene initiated ring opening polymerizations. The cyclobutarene peroxides of this invention are useful for the production of cross-linked, branched and graft polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A novel peracid ester represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## is useful as a polymerization initiator for vinyl chloride monomer, a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resin or a crosslinking agent for polymers.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system is provided which includes peroxyacid precursors and a source of peroxygen. Upon dissolution in water these compositions provide high yields of a novel peroxyacid having the structure ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or an alkyl of not more than 5 carbon atoms. The precursor may include hydroxyl nitrogen derivatives as leaving groups, since the .alpha.-substituted phenoxy moiety enhances carbonyl reactivity toward perhydroxyl anion.

Abstract: A peroxide having an aromatic radical and an unsaturated group has the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents linear or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl having 5 to 21 carbon atoms or cycloalkenyl having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, n is 1 or 2 and R' represents hydrogen, halogen, --CF.sub.3, methoxy, ethoxy or acyl having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.The peroxide is employed in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions for the treatment of various dermatoses, and especially for the treatment of acne.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement for the continuous preparation of lauroyl peroxide in the absence of organic solvents from crude lauroyl chloride, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen peroxide by continuously adding the reaction components to a reaction stirrer vessel and carrying out the reaction with an average residence time of 15 to 30 minutes, the improvement comprising maintaining the temperature in the raction vessel between 0.degree. and 20.degree. C. by cooling, adding 1.0 to 3% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, referred to the total amount of the reaction mixture, and sodium hydroxide in such amount that the concentration thereof in the reaction mixture run off is 0.15 to 0.30N, withdrawing the reaction mixture from the reaction vessel and heating the reaction mixture by the addition of water of a temperature of from 70.degree. to 90.degree. C., to above the melting point of lauroyl peroxide, and separating off the molten lauroyl peroxide in a separator.

Abstract: This invention relates to bleaching compounds and compositions that provide effective and efficient surface bleaching of textiles over a wide range of bleach solution temperatures. The bleaching compounds of the invention yield a peroxyacid with a polar amide link in the hydrophobic chain when used in the bleaching composition. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching compositions of the invention are also detergent compositions.

Abstract: A composition for the alkaline bleaching of textiles during washing comprising a washing product and at least one peroxide derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, a linear alkyl radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl or branched alkyl radical containing from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; said radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, fluorine, a nitro group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, ethylenic derivatives, or carboxylic ester and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, respectively, capable of forming only a single linear or branched radical having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and the process of alkaline bleaching using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision in solid form of the magnesium salt of certain aromatic, cycloaliphatic or conjugated aliphatic compounds containing a peroxycarboxylic acid group and a carboxylate group, and optionally also an alkyl, carboxylate, sulphonate, nitro, chloro or bromo group, which can be employed as bleaching agents. One especially referred example is magnesium monoperoxyphthalate having the formula: ##STR1## The invention also provides processes for the preparation of the salts, by reaction between a magnesium compound and the organic peroxyacid/carboxylate compound in a solvent from which the salt precipitates, the latter preferably being obtained by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding anhydride under controlled reaction conditions of temperature and reagent ratios.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision in solid form of the magnesium salt of certain aromatic, cycloaliphatic or conjugated aliphatic compounds containing a peroxycarboxylic acid group and a carboxylate group, and optionally also an alkyl, carboxylate, sulphonate, nitro, chloro or bromo group, which can be employed as bleaching agents. One especially referred example is magnesium monoperoxyphthalate having the formula: ##STR1## The invention also provides processes for the preparation of the salts, by reaction between a magnesium compound and the organic peroxyacid/carboxylate compound in a solvent from which the salt precipitates, the latter preferably being obtained by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding anhydride under controlled reaction conditions of temperature and reagent ratios.

Abstract: A solid organic peroxide composition comprises from 50% to below 70% by weight of a solid organic peroxide, such as benzoyl peroxide, at least 10% preferably at least 15% of a liquid desensitizer such as a liquid ester of phthalic acid, benzoic acid or phosphoric acid, a silicone oil or a liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon and a solid organophilic compound such as a solid ester of phthalic acid, benzoic acid or phosphoric acid a solid chlorinated hydrocarbon or a salt of a higher fatty acid in, preferably, less than 20% by weight. The compositions are particularly insensitive to impact.

Abstract: Diperoxyacids are unstable compounds, and processes for their production have normally provided relatively low product throughputs per reactor vessel volume. The present invention is a method for making diperoxyacids in which formation of the diperoxyacids is controlled and a high solids throughput may be achieved. The inventive method includes a controlling step wherein a reaction solids phase is maintained at not greater than about 36 wt. % of a reaction system, more preferably maintained at about 12 wt. % to about 36 wt. %.

Abstract: Polymers of the formula [(A.sub.n.sbsb.1 -R-D.sub.n.sbsb.2).sub.v P.sub.n.sbsb.3 ].sub.w Z.sub.n.sbsb.4 where A is a peroxy-containing group; R is a 2-4 valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical; P is a polyvalent polymeric residue; D is a carbonyl-containing connecting group; and Z is a terminal group, such polymers being useful with vinyl monomers in the formation of block and graft polymers.

Abstract: A process for preparing peroxidic mixtures, more particularly mixtures of ketone peroxides useful as polymerization initiators for unsaturated polyester resins, is disclosed. The process comprises in situ peroxidation of one or more ketone compounds with hydrogen peroxide, in a solvent which is a ketone peroxide formulation.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical diperoxides of the general structure: ##STR1## for example, 4-(t-butylperoxycarbonyl)-3-hexyl-6-[7-(tbutylperoxycarbonyl)heptyl] cyclohexene, are useful for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers (such as styrene). The polymerizations can be carried out at higher temperatures and in shorter times than with conventional initiator systems, without detrimental decrease in polymer molecular weight or significant change in molecular weight distribution. The unsymmetrical diperoxides are also useful as catalysts for curing unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: Benzoyl peroxide compounds containing reactive substituents are used to initiate the formation of telechelic polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides bleaching and detergent compositions containing a diacyl peroxide of general formula ROOR.sup.1 in which R represents a phthaloyl radical and R.sup.1 a radical such that ROOR.sup.1, ROOR and R.sup.1 OOR.sup.1 are all soluble in mildly alkaline aqueous solutions. The compositions, optionally containing a persalt such as sodium perborate, preferably in a mole ratio of one mole per mole of diacyl peroxide, are particularly suitable for washing or bleaching at a temperature of from 30.degree.- 60.degree. C. The invention also provides diacyl peroxide compositions desensitized to impact or abrasion by intimate contact with a diluent, e.g. magnesium sulphate, lauric acid or sodium tripolyphosphate and protected against destructive interaction with other components of the bleaching on detergent composition during storage. Preferred diacyl peroxides include diphthaloyl peroxide, especially for colored fabrics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of uniform, stable diacyl peroxide compositions is disclosed. The process comprises reacting the corresponding acyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline aqueous medium in the presence of a desensitizing agent.

Abstract: Cross-linkable organopolysiloxane compositions are disclosed, consisting essentially of an organopolysiloxane and bis(o-chlorobenzoyl)peroxide.