Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic acetal of the formula (1) wherein R1 is n-C8-C22-alkyl, iso-C9-C22-alkyl, n-C5-C18-alkylphenyl or iso-C5-C18-alkylphenyl, R2 and R4 are each independently C1-C7-alkyl or have the same meaning as R1, R3 is C1-C7-alkyl, A is a group of the formulae —C2H4— or —C3H6—, and the indices a, b, c and d are each independently from 0 to 50, where at least one of the indices a, b, c or d has to have a value other than 0. The compounds of the invention are suitable as surfactants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, humectants, foamers, or antifoaming agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are a resin composition comprising a polylactic acid resin and a polyacetal resin, and such a resin composition in which the polylactic acid resin and the polyacetal resin are kept miscible with each other. The resin composition has good moldability, workability, mechanical properties, heat resistance and transparency, and may be worked into moldings, films and fibers for practical use.

Abstract: A process is proposed for distillatively working up an aqueous composition which comprises 1,1,2.2-tetramethoxyethane, glyoxal dimethyl acetal and methanol, wherein the workup of this composition is carried out in a dividing wall column to form low boiler, medium boiler and/or high boiler fractions, and a dividing wall is disposed in the longitudinal direction in the dividing wall column to form an upper common column region, a lower common column region, a feed section having rectifying section and stripping section and a withdrawal section having stripping section and rectifying section, and the aqueous composition is fed into the middle region of the feed section.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing diacetals of glyoxal by reacting from 40 to 75% by weight aqueous glyoxal with monohydric alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, which comprises leaving a liquid mixture which, at the beginning of the reaction, comprises alcohol and glyoxal in a molar ratio of at least 15:1 and also water in a concentration of not more than 8% by weight in contact with the acid catalyst until concentration in the reaction mixture of the diacetal formed reaches at least 70% of the equilibrium concentration without more than 5% by weight of the alcohol used having already been distilled off.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-2-butene by reacting 2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran with methanol in the presence of acids comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of solid catalysts having acidic centers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-2-butene by reacting 2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran with methanol in the presence of acids comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of solid catalysts having acidic centers.

Abstract: A process directed to the preparation of acetals of malondialdehyde by reacting alkylvinyl ethers or esters with ortho formates in the gas phase with a heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of malondialdehyde-derivatives by reacting vinylesters with orthoesters in the presence of a precious metal catalyst.

Abstract: Fluoropolyethers having functional groups, consisting of randomly distributed sequences of perfluoropolyoxyalkylene units selected from: ##STR1## where X is F or CF.sub.3 T, T', T"=a perfluoroalkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and one or two atoms of Cl, Br or I;R, R'=halogen atoms;Y=a functional group;o, q=numbers, zero included, such that o+q=1-20;n=a number ranging from 1 to 15;m/n=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.5;p=a number ranging from 1 to 20;s/p=a number ranging from 0.5 to 2; andz/o+p=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.05.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a thermally very stable polyacetal copolymer having very small unstable terminals even at a high polymerization yield, by the copolymerization of trioxane as the principal monomer with a comonomer copolymerizable therewith, wherein an isopolyacid or an acidic salt thereof is used as a polymerization catalyst; the catalyst can simply be deactivated in a small amount of a deactivator solution after the polymerization; and a washing step is not required. The copolymerization is effected with an isopolyacid or an acidic salt thereof used as a polymerization catalyst until the remaining monomers account for at most 10% by weight of all the fed monomers, and a solution containing a deactivator for the above catalyst is added in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the resulting crude polymer to deactivate the catalyst, followed by subjecting the crude polymer intact to a heat-melting treatment without washing it.

Abstract: Fluoropolyethers having functional groups, consisting of randomly distributed sequences of perfluoropolyoxyalkylene units selected from: ##STR1## and included in one of the following formulas: ##STR2##T'--O--(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.p (CF.sub.2 O).sub.s --CRR'--Y(II) ##STR3## where X is F or CF.sub.3 T, T', T"=a perfluoroalkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and one or two atoms of Cl, Br or I;R, R'=halogen atoms;Y=a functional group;o, q=numbers, zero included, such that o+q=1-20;n=a number ranging from 1 to 15;m/n=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.5;p=a number ranging from 1 to 20;s/p=a number ranging from 0.5 to 2; andz/o+p=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.05.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a perfluoropolyether having a general formula: ##STR1## as defined hereinbefore, which process includes the direct fluorination with elemental fluorine of a polyether having a general formula: ##STR2## as defined hereinbefore, wherein the fluorination is carried out in the presence of a solvent which is an ether having at least one substituent R.sub.F, wherein R.sub.F is a fluorinated hydrocarbon group. The said solvent ether is preferably a fluorinated volatile ether. The said solvent ether preferably has at least two groups R.sub.F which may be the same or different groups. Each group R.sub.F preferably has from two to four carbon atoms and at least two fluorine atoms. The said solvent ether may be an alicyclic ether having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms in its alicyclic ring.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers are disclosed that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: 1) New fluorine-containing compounds having polyacetalic structure, of general formula:(I)[Rf.sub.m --CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2 O).sub.c --CH.sub.2 ].sub.nwhere:Rf=a perfluorooxyalkylene chain having Mn from 500 to 5,000;m=4-25;c=1-10;n=2-100.2) A process for preparing them, which comprises carrying out the polycondensation of diols having formula:(II) HORfOHwith formaldehyde, in mass or in the presence of solvents, in an acid medium. The compounds of formula (I) can be oligomeric compounds (polymerization degree x.sub.n from 2 to about 20) or polymeric compounds (x.sub.n from about 20 to about 100). They exhibit a high stability to heat and to chemical agents, and Tg values slightly different from the ones of the diols utilized for preparing them.

Abstract: Fluoropolyethers having functional groups, consisting of randomly distributed sequences of perfluoropolyoxyalkylene units selected from: ##STR1## and included in one of the following formulas: ##STR2## where X is F or CF.sub.3 T, T', T"=a perfluoroalkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and one or two atoms of Cl, Br or I;R, R'=halogen atoms;Y=a functional group;o, q=numbers, zero included, such that o+q=1-20;n=a number ranging from 1 to 15;m/n=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.5;p=a number ranging from 1 to 20;s/p=a number ranging from 0.5 to 2; andz/o+p=a number ranging from 0.01 to 0.05.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing E,Z-butenedial bis(dialkyl acetals) by reacting the corresponding 2,5-dialkoxy-2,5-dihydrofurans with the corresponding lower alkanols in the presence of an acid at elevated temperature entails carrying out the reaction in the presence of approximately equimolar amounts of a trialkyl orthoformate and in the presence of catalytic amounts of a strong mineral acid or of a strong organic acid.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes containing acid and/or ketonic groups are neutralized by reacting same in the liquid phase with elemental fluorine at temperatures of from -20.degree. to +150.degree. C. in the presence of a supported catalyst consisting of fluorides of Ag, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, V, Cr, or Fe.In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of fluorides of the above mentioned metals and of fluorides, or fluoride precursors, of an alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal is used as catalyst, optionally supported on a suitable carrier.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: Oligomeric formal diols are prepared by coupling segments of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycols, each having a molecular weight of 650-3000, with formaldehyde in the presence of a granular acidic catalyst, to yield poly(tetramethylene ether) formal glycols of 1,400-12,000 molecular weight.Oligomeric formal diols of a second type can also be prepared by coupling with formaldehyde segments of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycols mixed with segments of other polymeric glycols, as for example polyethylene oxide glycol of 200 molecular weight, to yield poly(ether formal) glycols of substantially higher molecular weight than either of the starting polyether glycols, and having properties significantly different from the parent polyether glycols that may affect the performance as soft or elastomeric segments of derived polyurethanes, polyetheresters, and polyureas.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel tri-acetal polyol compounds and to a crystalline polyolefin composition having dispersed therein a nucleating agent composed of one or more of said polyol acetals.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyethers containing high concentrations of difluoromethylene oxide units in the polymer chain are disclosed.

Abstract: The use of acetals as aldehyde generators in foodstuff applications is disclosed.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkylorthocarbonates and perfluoropolyalkoxypropanes are disclosed. The perfluoro compounds are synthesized by direct fluorination procedures. The perfluoro compounds are useful lubricants, heat exchangers, vapor phase soldering fluids, solvents, and oxygen carriers.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: A method of breaking down perfluoropolyethers into lower molecular weight fragments by pyrolysis is disclosed. The perfluoropolyethers are pyrolyzed generally at above about 350.degree. C. Volatile lower molecular weight components are condensed and collected. Various molecular weight fractions and collected. Various molecular weight fractions can be obtained by taking appropriate distillation cuts.

Abstract: A class of compounds, namely 1-fluoro-1-halo-3,6-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes and a process using these compounds in the preparation of fluoromalonaldehyde acetals. The 1-fluoro-1-halo-3,6-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane is brought into contact with an alcohol in an acid medium. The fluoromalonaldehyde acetals obtained are also new products, which are useful for the synthesis of alkyl fluoromalonates or of fluorinated nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Abstract: A polyfluoroiodide is produced by reacting an acid halide of a polyfluorocarbon in a perhalogenated solvent with I.sub.2 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate and an alkaline earth metal carbonate.

Abstract: The acetals, 2,3-dihydroxy-1,1,4,4-tetramethoxybutane, 3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran, and glyceraldehyde dimethylacetal, when applied to cotton fabric by conventional pad-dry-cure procedures using special combined acid catalysts, were found to crosslink cellulose hydroxy groups at a very rapid rate (e.g., 20 seconds at 160.degree. C.), thereby imparting improved wrinkle recovery in the range of that required for durable press finishing. Cotton fabrics treated with these acetals have the advantage of no formaldehyde release.

Abstract: A method of breaking down perfluoropolyethers into lower molecular weight fragments by pyrolysis is disclosed. The perfluoropolyethers are pyrolyzed generally at above about 350.degree. C. Volatile lower molecular weight components are condensed and collected. Various molecular weight fractions can be obtained by taking appropriate distillation cuts.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for being used as lubricants, having general formula:(I) RO--(C.sub.3 F.sub.6 O).sub.m --(CFXO).sub.n --CFX--L, or(II) R"CFXO--(C.sub.3 F.sub.6 O).sub.x (CFXO).sub.y --(C.sub.2 F.sub.4 O).sub.z --CFX--L, whereR=--CF.sub.3, --C.sub.2 F.sub.5, --C.sub.3 F.sub.7X=F, --CF.sub.3R"=F, --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.2 F.sub.5m=an integer from 3 to 100n=a finite integer, or =zero, wherefore m+n ranges from 3 to 100, provided that, if n is finite, m/n ranges from 5 to 20 and R is preferably =CF.sub.3, if n=zero, R is preferably --C.sub.2 F.sub.5 or --C.sub.3 F.sub.7x=a finite integer, or =zeroy, z=finite integers, such that x+y+z ranges from 5 to 200, while (x+z)/y ranges from 5 to 0.5, provided that when x=zero, z/y ranges from 1 to 0.5 and y+z ranges from 5 to 200 n while X is preferably F, and R"=LL=group Y-Z, where:Y=--CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 --OCH.sub.2, --CF.sub.2, --CF.sub.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for neutralizing perfluorinated carboxylic acids to make fluorocarbon polyethers in which the acid is heated with fluorine in the presence of a metal fluoride.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyethers containing high concentrations of difluoromethylene oxide units in the polymer chain are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing an acetal or a ketal comprises contacting an olefin with an alcohol at elevated temperature in the presence of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide and a catalyst comprising palladium and a copper compound. The process is preferably carried out in the presence of an amine which is unable to coordinate to the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for converting an allylic ether to its corresponding acetal is disclosed. In this process an allylic ether is contacted with an organic hydroxy compound and a catalytically effective amount of a cobalt compound to produce the corresponding acetal.

Abstract: 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyfor, lHOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF(CF.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF(CF.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O].sub.n H,which is prepared by reacting the diol with formaldehyde in 80-90 percent sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Perfluorinated polyethers comprising copolymers of hexafluoroacetone and epoxide and/or oxetanes are described. The perfluorinated polyethers are useful as lubricants.

Abstract: 9-methoxy-7-nonenal may be isomerized in the presence of methanol and ruthenium chloride to provide 1,1,9,9-tetramethoxynonane. The rates of reaction are increased by pre-formation of 1,1,9-trimethoxy-7-nonene and removal of the water generated prior to conducting the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 1,1'-diacetals, which method is also suitable for the stereoselective synthesis of glycosides with the 1,1'-diacetal structure. The process involves reacting a silyl compound of formula (II) with an acetal of formula (III) in the presence of a catalyst of formula (IV) or (V) in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: Novel malondialdehyde tetraalkylacetals and the preparation of malondialdehyde tetraalkylacetals by reacting alkyl formates, oxiranes and alkyl vinyl ethers in the presence of a halide of boron, antimony(V), iron(III), tin(II or IV) and/or zinc.The malondialdehyde tetraalkylacetals obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the preparation of dyes, pest control agents and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Trioxane and other acetals are purified by contacting with an alkali metal superoxide, then isolated in a purified form. Optionally, a phase transfer catalyst can be utilized in the purification. Recovered acetals are sufficiently pure for polymerization to high molecular weight.

Abstract: A prepolymer for use in preparing a binder for low vulnerability gun propellants. The condensation of an alkynediol and formaldehyde produces a prepolymer which is cured with a polyisocyanate. The resulting binder can be combined with 1,3,5,7-tetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) or 1,3,5-trimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and is readily extruded as multi-perforated propellant grains, the extruded material having a greatly reduced tendency to slumping, and an enhanced mass impetus value.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for rapidly obtaining a stable freeze point depressed aqueous solution comprising a dialdehyde and an aliphatic monohydroxyl alcohol and/or polyhydroxyl alcohol by adding thereto a catalytic amount of a strong acid. Also included herein is a method for liberating the dialdehyde in the aqueous solution by dilution with water and the addition of a catalytic amount of a strong acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mixed formal of polyglycol ethers having formulae selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and straight or branched chain alkyl having from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, where the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sup.1 plus R.sup.2 is from 6 to 18, R.sup.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of monoalkylphenyl having from 14 to 26 carbon atoms, dialkylphenyl having from 14 to 26 carbon atoms, trialkylphenyl having from 14 to 26 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkenyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above assigned values, and R.sup.

Abstract: Acetals of malonaldehyde are prepared by reacting an orthoester with a vinyl ether in the presence of a catalytic amount of FeCl.sub.3. The malonaldehyde acetals obtainable by the process according to the invention are valuable intermediates in the preparation of dyes, crop protection agents and drugs.

Abstract: Tert.-butoxybutanals and tert.-butoxybutanols (I) and bis-tert.-butoxypentanals and bis-tert.-butoxypentanols (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, one X is --CHO or --CH.sub.2 OH and the others are H.These compounds, which are valuable as fragrances and for use in organic syntheses are obtained by hydro-formylating the ethers (III) and bis-ethers (IV), respectively, using Rh catalysts.

Abstract: Acetal-coupled non-ionic surfactants are easily degraded into relatively environmentally inoccuous fragments having little or no surface activity. The fragments are sufficiently low in molecular weight to be oxidized when exposed to water and atmospheric oxygen. The surface activity can also be destroyed by lowering the alkalinity of the medium in which the non-ionic surfactant is utilized to below pH 7. The non-ionic surfactants of the invention unexpectedly have very low viscosities as compared to surfactants containing a comparable molecular weight and oxyalkylene residue content.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mono- or poly-alkylene glycol diether which consists of reacting an ether having at least one lower alkyl group with alkylene oxide in the presence of a heteropoly acid or a heteropoly acid acidic salt. Heteropoly acids and their acidic salts whose ratio of the hetero and coordinate atom is 1:6 and 1:12 are preferably used.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoro-3-oxaheptan,7-diol polyformal by the following steps in order:(1) reacting 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol with formaldehyde in 80-90% (w/w) sulfuric acid in the presence of methylene chloride to produce 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal;(2) treating the reaction mixture with aqueous H.sub.2 O.sub.2 to destroy free formaldehyde;(3) removing methylene chloride from the reaction mixture;(4) extracting the product 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal from the reaction mixture with ether;(5) agitating the ether extract with an aqueous solution of (a) H.sub.2 O.sub.2, (b) KOH or NaOH, and (c) NaCl or KCl to convert hemiformal end groups into hydroxy end groups; and(6) isolating the product 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal.