Abstract: A polyfluoroiodide is produced by reacting an acid halide of a polyfluorocarbon in a perhalogenated solvent with I.sub.2 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate and an alkaline earth metal carbonate.

Abstract: There is provided a novel perfluorochemical represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkyl group, a perfluoro alkoxyalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyloxy group, X and X' are same as or different from each other and are a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and Y is a perfluoroalkyloxy group or a perfluoro dialkylamino group, the total number of the carbon atoms contained being an integer of 8 to 11 inclusive. The perfluorochemical is prepared by perfluorinating the corresponding partially fluorinated compound which may have unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety, only with molecular fluorine in a stoichiometric excess amount in an inert solvent.The perfluorochemical is used for preparing a stable emulsion as blood substitutes or perfusion media.

Abstract: A method of breaking down perfluoropolyethers into lower molecular weight fragments by pyrolysis is disclosed. The perfluoropolyethers are pyrolyzed generally at above about 350.degree. C. Volatile lower molecular weight components are condensed and collected. Various molecular weight fractions can be obtained by taking appropriate distillation cuts.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for being used as lubricants, having general formula:(I) RO--(C.sub.3 F.sub.6 O).sub.m --(CFXO).sub.n --CFX--L, or(II) R"CFXO--(C.sub.3 F.sub.6 O).sub.x (CFXO).sub.y --(C.sub.2 F.sub.4 O).sub.z --CFX--L, whereR=--CF.sub.3, --C.sub.2 F.sub.5, --C.sub.3 F.sub.7X=F, --CF.sub.3R"=F, --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.2 F.sub.5m=an integer from 3 to 100n=a finite integer, or =zero, wherefore m+n ranges from 3 to 100, provided that, if n is finite, m/n ranges from 5 to 20 and R is preferably =CF.sub.3, if n=zero, R is preferably --C.sub.2 F.sub.5 or --C.sub.3 F.sub.7x=a finite integer, or =zeroy, z=finite integers, such that x+y+z ranges from 5 to 200, while (x+z)/y ranges from 5 to 0.5, provided that when x=zero, z/y ranges from 1 to 0.5 and y+z ranges from 5 to 200 n while X is preferably F, and R"=LL=group Y-Z, where:Y=--CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 --OCH.sub.2, --CF.sub.2, --CF.sub.

Abstract: The direct fluorination of ethers in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) scavengers such as sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride is disclosed. Ethers (liquid or solid) are either mixed with the HF scavenger, coated onto the HF scavenger or placed separately with the HF scavenger into a fluorination reactor and fluorinated by exposure to elemental fluorine. The HF scavenger permits use of more severe fluorination conditions than would be possible in the absence of the scavenger, i.e. higher initial fluorine, less gradual increases in fluorine gas concentrations and greater fluorine gas flow rates.

Abstract: N-(3-Dialkylamino-2-propenylidene)-N-alkylalkanaminium salts substituted in the 2-position with an ether or thioether and having the formula ##STR1## are active as hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for neutralizing perfluorinated carboxylic acids to make fluorocarbon polyethers in which the acid is heated with fluorine in the presence of a metal fluoride.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyethers containing high concentrations of difluoromethylene oxide units in the polymer chain are disclosed.

Abstract: The direct fluorination of ethers in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) scavengers such as sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride is disclosed. Ethers (liquid or solid) are either mixed with the HF scavenger, coated onto the HF scavenger or placed separately with the HF scavenger into a fluorination reactor and fluorinated by exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of fluorine gas. The HF scavenger permits use of more severe fluorination conditions i.e. higher initial fluorine, less gradual increases in fluorine gas concentrations and greater fluorine gas flow rates.

Abstract: 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyfor, lHOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF(CF.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF(CF.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O].sub.n H,which is prepared by reacting the diol with formaldehyde in 80-90 percent sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Perfluorinated polyethers comprising copolymers of hexafluoroacetone and epoxide and/or oxetanes are described. The perfluorinated polyethers are useful as lubricants.

Abstract: A semi-continuous process for the manufacture of acetals of alpha-halogenated aldehydes is described. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal is prepared by introducing chlorine and a mixture of vinyl acetate and an excess of methanol through separate inlets into a reaction site of a vertical packed column and collecting a low boiling distillate formed from by-product vapors and separately collecting the crude acetal product flowing downward from the reaction site.

Abstract: A semi-continuous process for the manufacture of acetals of chloroacetaldehyde is described. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal is prepared by introducing chlorine and vinyl acetate through separate inlets into the upper opening of a cooled vertical packed column to form an intermediate product. The intermediate flows through the column, and optionally a static mixer, into a cooled batch reactor precharged with an excess of methanol to form the crude acetal product. Isolation and purification of the product is accomplished by known batch-type procedures.

Abstract: Waste oils of synthetic lubricants containing fluorine atom are admixed with a solvent containing fluorine atom compatible with the waste oils thereby causing contaminants contained in the waste oils to float up into the upper region on the mixed solution. The solvent containing fluorine atom is removed from the solution of the lower layer by way of evaporation, distillation or the like. The regenerated oils of the synthetic lubricants containing fluorine atom thus obtained are completely colorless and transparent in appearance, and they have properties and performances quite similar to those of the fresh oils.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal in which low-boiling constituents are distilled off completely or partially from the reaction mixture obtained by the reaction of vinyl acetate and chlorine in stoichiometric amounts in the presence of excess methanol, when the addition of chlorine is complete. The remaining liquid residue is neutralized with solid substances, such as oxides or carbonates of calcium and magnesium, while maintaining a temperature of from 20.degree. to 60.degree. C., until the aqueous extract has a pH of greater than 5. When neutralization is complete, the reaction mixture is in the form of two separate liquid phases. Once the upper organic layer has been separated off, it is fractionally distilled, pure chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal being obtained as the main fraction yields of more than 90%, calculated on the vinyl acetate used.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the synthesis of perfluorodialdehydes from the corresponding perfluorodiesters and with intermediates useful in the preparation of the perfluorodialdehydes.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyether oils containing traces of H.sub.2 O molecularly dissolved therein are rendered anhydrous and hyperpure by treatment with chlorine trifluoride or monofluoride at a pressure of 1-5 atm. and a temperature of 0.degree.-50.degree. C. after which the treated oil is selectively fractionated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of valuable chemical intermediates in the preparation of 2(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is lower alkyl is useful as an intermediate to prepare a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, NH.sub.4.sup.+, NH(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3.sup.+, and lower alkyl, branched or straight chain, with up to about C.sub.20 in the chain. The ester can be converted to the corresponding salt, useful as a detergent builder.

Abstract: Production of chloroacetaldehydedimethyl acetal by the reaction of a vinyl halide with chlorine and methanol in contact with an acid binding material in an approximately anhydrous system. Co-produced dichloroethyl, methyl ether is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoro-3-oxaheptan,7-diol polyformal by the following steps in order:(1) reacting 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol with formaldehyde in 80-90% (w/w) sulfuric acid in the presence of methylene chloride to produce 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal;(2) treating the reaction mixture with aqueous H.sub.2 O.sub.2 to destroy free formaldehyde;(3) removing methylene chloride from the reaction mixture;(4) extracting the product 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal from the reaction mixture with ether;(5) agitating the ether extract with an aqueous solution of (a) H.sub.2 O.sub.2, (b) KOH or NaOH, and (c) NaCl or KCl to convert hemiformal end groups into hydroxy end groups; and(6) isolating the product 2,4,4,5,5,6,6-heptafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-oxaheptane-1,7-diol polyformal.