Abstract: A refrigerant and oil treatment composition for introduction into a vapor-compression system such as a refrigerator, heat pump, freezer, air conditioner, thermal control device, and refrigerant recovery apparatus has a composition alcohol and a drying agent. The drying agent is 2,2 -dimethoxypropane which can react with moisture in the system to form an alcohol as a reaction product. The alcohol reaction product along with the composition alcohol separates any acid in the system from oil, refrigerant and hard surfaces of the system to form an acid-containing solvent composition. The quantity of the composition introduced into the system is based on the adsorption capacity of the filter-drier.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for preparing acetals and ketals which comprises (i) reacting an aldehyde or ketone with an alcohol in the presence of a solid acid at a temperature of below ?40° C., and (ii) removing water and lower aliphatic alcohol and/or sugar alcohol from the reaction product by pervaporation.

Abstract: A polyoxymethylene polymer is disclosed that contains long-chain alkyl end groups. The polyoxymethylene polymer may be formed by using a Bis-alkylformal as a chain transfer agent during production of the polymer. In one embodiment, the Bis-alkylformal is dissolved in a monomer, such as trioxane, during production of the polymer. In one embodiment, a branching agent may also be present with one or more monomers for producing a branched polyoxymethylene polymer. In this manner, greater amounts of alkyl end groups can be incorporated into the polymer. The resulting polymer has excellent flow characteristics. The polymer may be used to form various molded articles with excellent tribological properties.

Abstract: Acetals are formed from an aldehyde hydrogenation product mixture comprising alcohols and at most 2% of alde-hydes and the product is distilled to yield purified alcohols and a second stream containing acetals and/or unsaturated ethers.

Abstract: Acetals are formed from a mixture comprising alcohols and aldehydes and the product is distilled to yield purified alcohols and/or acetals and/or unsaturated ethers.

Abstract: The present invention is an industrial process for the preparation of acetals using a simulated moving bed (SMB) reactor system to accomplish the conversion of reactants (aldehyde and alcohol) and simultaneously, the separation of the reaction products (acetal and water) by selective adsorption. The SMB reactor consists of a set of interconnected columns packed with an acid solid (or mixture of acid solids: catalysts and adsorbents) effective for catalyzing the reaction between aldehydes and alcohols and for separating the reaction products by selective adsorption of at least one product.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following process for producing and the like, which enables the production of an ether compound, which is useful for chemical amplification type resist compositions, synthetic intermediates of pharmaceuticals, paints, or the like, with less side reaction and in high yield. A process for producing an ether compound having a group represented by the general formula (II) wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different, and represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or R1 and R2 form cycloalkyl together with an adjacent carbon atom, which comprises allowing a compound having a hydroxyl group (including a carboxyl group) to react with an alkenyl ether represented by the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the same significances as defined above, respectively.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acetals and ketals by reacting an aldehyde or ketone with an alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst and removing water by pervaporation. Manufacturing equipment for the preparation of acetals and ketones is also provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-2-butene by reacting 2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran with methanol in the presence of acids comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of solid catalysts having acidic centers.

Abstract: A process for producing oxygen-containing compounds containing at least one oxygen atom bonded to two distinct carbon atoms which are not bonded together and not comprising a multiple bond comprises a step a) for hydroformylation of a feed comprising at least one olefin containing four to seven carbon atoms to at least one aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst and a synthesis gas under hydroformylation conditions, a step b) for hydrogenation of this aldehyde to at least one corresponding alcohol, and a step c) for transforming at least one alcohol obtained from step b) in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for producing a mixture containing at least one ether or at least one acetal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleophilic reagent which is useful for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound containing at least one electrophilic function, or for the synthesis of oxysulphide-containing and fluorine-containing organic derivatives, wherein said reagent comprises:

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran copolymers, diesters or monoesters of these polymers are prepared by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer on a heterogeneous carrier catalyst which contains on an oxidic carrier material as active mass a catalytically active amount of at least one oxygenous molybdenum and/or tungsten compound and, when the precursor compounds of the active mass have been applied to the carrier material precursor, has been calcined at temperatures of between 500° C. and 1000° C. The catalyst used contains a promotor which comprises at least one element or a compound of an element of the 2nd, 3rd including the lanthanides, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th or 14th group of the periodic system of elements.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,3-trialkoxypropane by acid-catalyzed reaction of acrolein with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alcohol, which can be carried out well on a large scale and leads to a higher selectivity. The process involves (a) the reaction, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst which is insoluble in the reaction mixture, (b) a partial neutralization of the reaction mixture, using an amine or basic ion exchanger, and (c) specific recovery by distillation of the reaction mixture and recirculation of fractions containing useful materials; aqueous fractions containing recyclable useful materials are largely dehydrated by pervaporation prior to being recirculated.

Abstract: An alkali metal compound such as metallic cesium, cesium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide monohydrate, metallic rubidium, rubidium hydroxide or rubidium hydroxide monohydrate is used as a catalyst, crude polyoxyalkylene polyol containing the catalyst is neutralized with a mineral acid or an organic acid, an aqueous solution layer containing an alkali metal salt is brought into contact with an anion exchange resin to adsorb mineral acid anion or organic acid anion, the alkali metal compound catalyst is recovered, alkylene oxide undergoes ring-opening addition polymerization on an active hydrogen compound in the presence of the recovered alkali metal compound catalyst to prepare polyoxyalkylene polyol, the catalyst is thereafter separated, recovered and reused, and such recycle of the alkali metal compound catalyst provides an economical process.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetaldehyde diethyl acetal is provided which involves:reacting acetaldehyde with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst and in the presence of an entrainer having a boiling point of from 25.degree. to 75.degree. C.

Abstract: An alkali metal compound such as metallic cesium, cesium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide monohydrate, metallic rubidium, rubidium hydroxide or rubidium hydroxide monohydrate is used as a catalyst, crude polyoxyalkylene polyol containing the catalyst is neutralized with a mineral acid or an organic acid, an aqueous solution layer containing an alkali metal salt is brought into contact with an anion exchange resin to adsorb mineral acid anion or organic acid anion, the alkali metal compound catalyst is recovered. alkylene oxide undergoes ring-opening addition polymerization on an active hydrogen compound in the presence of the recovered alkali metal compound catalyst to prepare polyoxyalkylene polyol, the catalyst is thereafter separated, recovered and reused, and such recycle of the alkali metal compound catalyst provides an economical process.

Abstract: Ketals of longer-chain or branched alcohols are prepared from dimethyl ketals or their ketones by reaction of the dimethyl ketals and the alcohols at high temperatures of 150.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of acid catalysts. The enol ethers and mixed ketals which are separated by distillation are added to the next reaction batch and also react to form the target product. The starting material, dimethyl ketal, may also be formed during the reaction from the ketone and trimethyl orthoformate.

Abstract: A process for producing acetaldehyde dimethylacetal comprising reacting acetaldehyde and methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed, in which the reaction is carried out in a part of a rectification tower while conducting rectification to withdraw the water by-produced from the bottom of the tower and to recover a distillate containing the acetaldehyde dimethylacetal produced from the top of the tower. The distillate is subjected to azeotropic distillation in the presence of n-hexane or cyclohexane to separate methanol as an azeotrope with n-hexane or cyclohexane and a small amount of the acetaldehyde dimethylacetal and to recover high purity acetaldehyde dimethylacetal as a bottom.

Abstract: A new method of synthesis of a 2,2-dialkoxy-propane e.g. 2,2-dimethoxy-propane, is described through reaction of a cyclic ketal, e.g. 2,2-dimethyl-(1,3)-dioxolane, with a boric acid alkyl ester, e.g. boric acid trimethyl ester, in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The reaction may be carried out either in liquid or in vapor phase. In the latter case, heating of the thus obtained intermediate mixture to the reflux temperature should follow the catalytic step.

Abstract: 9-methoxy-7-nonenal may be isomerized in the presence of methanol and ruthenium chloride to provide 1,1,9,9-tetramethoxynonane. The rates of reaction are increased by pre-formation of 1,1,9-trimethoxy-7-nonene and removal of the water generated prior to conducting the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: A method for promoting the activity and/or extending the life of a cation-exchangeable layered clay catalyst in reactions susceptible to catalysis by protons which method comprises the addition to the catalyst of water as the sole additive. The quantity of water employed is suitably up to 40%, preferably up to 10% based on weight of reactants. The layered clay catalyst can be for example montmorillonite, bentonite or vermiculite. Suitable proton catalyzed reactions include formation of esters, (e.g. by reaction of olefin and carboxylic acid), ethers, aldehydes, thioethers and alkylation and cracking reactions.

Abstract: A method of preparation for acetals utilizing saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, in particular, the preparation of dimethylacetals of acetaldehyde, acrolein and methacrolein. The production of the acetal takes place in a liquid phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, such as a strongly acidic ion exchange resin or zeolite. The conversion mixture is extracted by means of water and by means of water insoluble organic solvents. There is obtained not only the desired acetals, but in addition also the unconverted initial quantities of the starting materials by a simple method and with very good yields.