Abstract: Described is a process for the alkoxylation of alcohols with I, Cl, or CH3CO2 endgroups, using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal that has a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy and a suitable elastic constant K33, and further has a large negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with any other liquid crystal compound. The invention provides the compound (1): wherein, for example, R1 and R2 are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons, alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 9 carbons or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 carbons; when one of the ring A1, the ring A2 and the ring A3 is 1,4-phenylene or 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, the other two are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene; and Z1 is a single bond, —(CH2)2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —COO— or —OCO—.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new pharmaceutical application of a 15,15-difluoroprostaglandin F2? derivative. As a result of intensive studies in order to find a new pharmaceutical application of a 15,15-difluoroprostaglandin F2? derivative, it was found that, in a European Phase III clinical trial for tafluprost, one of the 15,15-difluoroprostaglandin F2? derivatives, with patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, tafluprost has actions of growing eyelashes, making eyelashes thicker, and changing the color thereof, that is, has an effect of promoting the growth of hair (eyelashes). Therefore, a 15,15-difluoroprostaglandin F2? derivative is useful as a hair growth promoting agent, and is expected to be useful as an active ingredient of a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease associated with hair such as alopecia and a hair care product or a hair cosmetic product for regrowing hair, growing hair, increasing hair density, nourishing hair, or the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition comprising the compound, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the composition: For example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20; ring A1, ring A2, ring A3, ring A4, ring A5, and ring A6 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6 is a single bond; X1 is hydrogen or halogen; l, m, n, o, p, and q are 0 or 1, and l+m+n+o+p+q is 3.

Abstract: A process, advantageous in producibility, for the production of a vinyl compound containing very small amounts of ionic impurities and hydrolysable halogens, which is capable of curing by means of heat and/or light and giving a cured product having excellent dielectric characteristics and heat resistance, which process can efficiently remove a generated salt and comprises reacting a non-protonic polar solvent solution of a specific bifunctional phenylene ether oligomer with a vinylbenzyl halide in the presence of an alkoxide of an alkali metal, wherein the thus-obtained reaction solution is acidified with a specific amount of an acidic substance, then a salt generated is removed, an alkali substance containing a specific amount of an alkali metal is added to the thus-obtained solution, then a salt generated is removed, and the thus-obtained solution is mixed with water or a water-alcohol mixed solution, to precipitate a solid.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy and a suitable elastic constant K33 (K33: bend elastic constant), and further having a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and provides a liquid crystal composition including the compound, wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen, alkyl or the like, ring A1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like, L1 to L4 are hydrogen or fluorine, and at least three of them are fluorine; when the ring A1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or the like, Z1 is a single bond, —(CH2)2— or the like, when ring A1 is 1,4-phenylene, Z1 is —(CH2)2— or the like.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing resveratrol-based oligomers are provided. In addition, resveratrol-based oligomer compounds free of plant extract are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, A1, A2, A3, A4, Z1, Z2, Z3, V, a, b and c have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one compound having a fluorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane skeleton represented by formula (I) below is disclosed. A fluorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane compound represented by formula (II) below is also disclosed. In the formulae, Y represents a hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.

Abstract: Combretastatin derivatives of formula (I), preparation and use thereof are disclosed, wherein: Rf is alkyl with 1-8 carbon atoms and 1-17 fluorine atoms, R is amino, substituted amino, hydroxyl, nitro, halo, alkyloxy, phosphate or amino acid side chain. Said derivatives have a capability to inhibit the polymerization of microtubules and are useful in treatment against tumor and neovascularization.

Abstract: Novel vitamin D analogs, markedly active in the fields of cell proliferation and differentiation, are selected from among (4E,6E)-7-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-3-ethylnona-4,6-dien-3-ol, (E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)phenyl]1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, (3E,5E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)-phenyl]-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, (E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl}-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, and (3E,5E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, and the geometric isomers thereof and these compounds in which one or more of the hydroxyl functions are protected by a protective group —(C?O)—R, in which R is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl radical having from 7 to 11 carbon atoms, the aryl radical or the aralkyl radical optional

Abstract: Disclosed are nordihydroguaiaretic acid derivative compounds including various end groups bonded by a carbon atom or heteroatom though a side chain bonded to the respective hydroxy residue O groups by an ether bond or a carbamate bond, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of making them, and methods of using them and kits including them for the treatment of diseases and disorders, in particular, diseases resulting from or associated with a virus infection, such as HIV infection, HPV infection, or HSV infection, an inflammatory disease, such as various types of arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, a metabolic disease, such as diabetes, a vascular disease, such as hypertension and macular degeneration, or a proliferative disease, such as diverse types of cancers.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1), a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition: all the symbols in the formula (1) are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention includes one or at least two compounds represented by general formula (I) as a first component; and one or at least two compounds represented by general formula (II) as a second component, wherein a dielectric anisotropy is negative. The use of this nematic liquid crystal composition can provide a highly reliable liquid crystal display element capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio even in a high temperature region, and achieving quick responsiveness without reducing the cell gap.

Abstract: A series of Z-stilbenes derivatives are disclosed, which have the structure as shown by formula 1. In the structure of formula 1, X is hydrogen, NHR, or nitro group, and R is hydrogen. Y and Z is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C10 alkyl, or C1-C10 alkoxyl. Furthermore, A is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or amino group. The compounds of the present invention have both aqueous solubility and anti-tumor activity. The Z-stilbenes derivatives of the present invention can further include a pharmaceutical carrier to form pharmaceutical compositions as potent anti-mitotic agents and anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention includes 10 to 80% by mass of either one or at least two compounds represented by general formula (I) as a first component; and 20 to 70% by mass of either one or at least two compounds represented by general formula (II) as a second component, wherein a dielectric constant anisotropy is negative. The use of this nematic liquid crystal composition can provide a highly reliable liquid crystal display element capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio even in a high temperature region, and achieving quick responsiveness without reducing the cell gap.

Abstract: Combretastatin derivatives of formula (I), preparation and use thereof are disclosed, wherein: Rf is alkyl with 1-8 carbon atoms and 1-17 fluorine atoms, R is amino, substituted amino, hydroxyl, nitro, halo, alkyloxy, phosphate or amino acid side chain. Said derivatives have a capability to inhibit the polymerization of microtubules and are useful in treatment against tumor and neovascularization.

Abstract: The invention is a flame retardant for styrene foams. The flame retardant contains both aromatic bromine and an olefin. The olefin is an internal olefin. Desirable flame retardants are selected from: formula I: wherein R1 is C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; R2 is C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; and R3-R12 is H, C1-C6 (optionally containing a heteroatom), or halogen; and further wherein the compound of formula I is present in a concentration of at least 50 percent of a trans isomer; formula II: wherein R1 is Halogen, C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; R2 is Halogen, C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; and R3-R7 is H, C1-C6 (optionally containing a heteroatom), or halogen; and formula III: wherein R1 is Halogen, C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; R2 is Halogen, H, C1-C6 and optionally containing a heteroatom or olefin; and R3-R6 is H, halogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to bimesogenic compounds of formula (I): R1-MG-X-Sp-X2-MG-R2 wherein R1, R2, MG1, MG2, X1, X2 and Sp have the meaning given in claim 1, to the use of bimesogenic compounds of formula (I) in liquid crystal media and devices, in particular in flexoelectric liquid crystal devices, to liquid crystal media and devices, in particular flexoelectric devices, comprising bimesogenic compounds of formula (I) and to improvements in flexoelectric devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy whose absolute value is large, and a low viscosity, and also provides a VA type liquid crystal element using the same. Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition containing a compound represented by the general formula (I) and an alkenyl compound represented by the general formula (II): By combining the liquid compounds according to the present invention, a liquid crystal composition having a low viscosity and a negative dielectric anisotropy could be obtained while nearly maintaining physical properties such as refractive anisotropy. By using the composition, a liquid crystal element having excellent reliability, capable of maintaining a high voltage retention until a high temperature region, is provided, and the display is very applicable as a VA type, ECB type, or IPS type liquid crystal display, and is particularly effective for speeding up response without thinning cell gaps.

Abstract: A series of Z-stilbenes derivatives are disclosed, which have the structure as shown by formula 1. In the structure of formula 1, X is hydrogen, NHR, or nitro group, and R is hydrogen. Y and Z is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C10 alkyl, or C1-C10 alkoxyl. Furthermore, A is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or amino group. The compounds of the present invention have both aqueous solubility and anti-tumor activity. The Z-stilbenes derivatives of the present invention can further include a pharmaceutical carrier to form pharmaceutical compositions as potent anti-mitotic agents and anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stilbene and quinone compounds related to combretastatin A-4 and their use as anticancer compounds and prodrugs. The compounds include those with an alkyl group on the double bond of cis or trans-stilbenes, compounds with one or more (and preferably 2 or 3) alkyl group substituents on the stilbene A ring, compounds with an alkoxy group other than methoxy at position 3, 4, and/or 5 of the stilbene A ring, compounds (or prodrugs) in which BOC amino acid esters are formed with the phenolic hydroxyl at the 3-position of the B ring and compounds (or prodrugs) based on a benzoquinone B ring. The present invention further relates to the photochemical reactions of stilbene compounds, either the above compounds disclosed for the first time herein or compounds based on prior art stilbenes.

Abstract: A process for the production of a vinyl compound of the formula (1), which process comprises reacting a bifunctional phenylene ether oligomer of the formula (2) with a vinylbenzyl halide in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of an alkali metal alkoxide and then adding the reaction solution to water or a water/alcohol mixed solution to precipitate a solid

Abstract: Methods and compounds for reversing pathological vasodilation of blood vessels, for example vasodilation caused by activation of CB1-like receptors, by administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound sufficient to induce vasoconstriction, the compound comprising: wherein dashed lines independently represent either a single or a double bond, R1 is a lower alkyl, R2 is a lower alkyl, R3 is a lower alkyl or halogen, R4 is a lower alkyl or hydrogen, R5 is a lower alkyl or hydrogen, R6 is a hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen, and R7 is a hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen. The vasoconstrictor can be used for a variety of purposes, including hemostasis or the treatment of shock, for example vasodilatory shock syndromes such as septic shock.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,2-di(4-hydroxyaryl)tetrafluoroethanes of the general formula (I) wherein R are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, COOR2, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-perfluoroalkyl, C1-C4-perfluoroalkoxy, C1-C4-perfluoroalkylthio, C1-C4-polyfluoroalkyl, C1-C4-polyfluoroalkoxy, or C1-C4-polyfluoroalkylthio, R2 is C1-C4-alkyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 4. This invention further relates to the preparation of such compounds as well as to precursors and intermediates that can be used in their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a difluoromethyl ether derivative simple and efficient process for producing the difluoromethyl ether derivative represented by Formula (1d?) or a difluoromethyl ether derivative represented by Formula (1c?): wherein all the variables are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to the biphenyldiols of the formula (V) The corresponding racemic and enantiomerically pure triflate compounds thereof, where R1 and R2 are H, R3 is chlorine, and R4 is methoxy. In an alternate embodiment, R1 and R2 are hydrogen and R3 and R4 are C1-C4-alkoxy, fluorine, or chlorine.

Abstract: Benzhydryl derivatives of the formula I, where the index and the variables are as defined below: X is oxygen or sulfur; R1, R3 are halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, formyloxy, alkylthio, alkenylthio, alkynylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylcarbonyl or formyl, where the carbon atoms in the radicals mentioned may be partially or fully halogenated; R2 is halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy, where the groups R2 may be different if n=2; R4 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, where the carbon atoms in these radicals may be unsubstituted or partially or fully halogenated; R5, R6 are hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkoxy or cycloalkylalkoxy; n is 0, 1 or 2; processes for preparing the compounds I, compositions comprising them and their use for con

Abstract: The invention concerns novel bi-aromatic compounds having the formula: which are analogs of vitamin D, the process of preparing them, as well as their use in pharmaceutical compositions in human or veterinary medicine, particularly in dermatology, cancer treatment, treatment of auto-immune diseases, and in organ or tissue transplants. Cosmetic compositions and methods of use are also included.

Abstract: A 2,6-dichlorophenol compound of formula (1): wherein R represents a 3,3-dihalo-2-propenyl group or a benzyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), can be produced by making a phenol compound of formula (2): wherein R has the same meaning mentioned above, react with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of a secondary amine in high yield. The obtained 2,6-dichlorophenol compound of formula (1) is useful as intermediate for producing dihalopropene compounds having insecticidal/acaricidal activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-1-buten-3-ol compounds of the structural formula I a method for the preparation of those formula I compounds, and the use of those formula I compounds in the preparation of 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-1,3-butadiene compounds of formula II and 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-2-butene compounds of formula III

Abstract: A method for purifying a bromine compound by depositing the bromine compound represented by the following general formula (1) as solid particles from a crude solution containing the bromine compound: wherein (i) the crude solution is supplied into the slurry containing the particles of the bromine compound; (ii) the concentration of the particles of the bromine compound in the slurry is maintained at a predetermined range; (iii) the solvent contained in the slurry is a mixed solvent of a good solvent and a poor solvent and the ratio of the good solvent to the poor solvent is maintained at a predetermined value; and (iv) the solid particles of the bromine compound are separated from the slurry.

Abstract: An electroclinic device having two spaced cell walls each bearing electrode structures and treated on at least one facing surface with an alignment layer, a layer of a smectic liquid crystal material enclosed between the cell walls, where the liquid crystal material contains one or more of the compounds described by formula I as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula wherein Hal represents chlorine, bromine or iodine and preferably chlorine, wherein Ra represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula, from compounds wherein R2 represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula by reaction with gaseous hydrogen halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic acid; process for the preparation of epoxy compounds starting from the reaction to produce a compound of formula (III) which is converted to a compound of formula (A) that is dehydrohalogenated to form the epoxy rings of a diepoxy compound.

Abstract: Arylmetal compounds are prepared by deprotonation of aromatics which have a hydrogen atom in the ortho position relative to a halogen atom or a trifluoromethoxy group, using a suitable base or by halogen-metal exchange of haloaromatics using a suitable metalating reagent. The arylmetal compounds are prepared in a continuous-flow reactor. The arylmetal compound can be further reacted with an electrophilic reagent.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.c represents a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula: ##STR2## by heating a compound of the formula (A) ##STR3## at a temperature in the range of from 120 to 220.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen halide addition salt of tertiary amine;process for the preparation of epoxy compounds starting from the reaction of a polyphenol compound and glycidol; andepoxy resins obtained by this process showing a significantly lower content of intermingled clorine and being substantially free of usual build-up products.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Hal represents chlorine, bromine or iodine and preferably chlorine, wherein R.sub.a represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula, ##STR2## from compounds ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula ##STR4## by reaction with gaseous hydrogen halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic acid. Epoxy resins are prepared via the reaction of a compound of formula (A) in the presence of a basic compound.

Abstract: A mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) according to Claim 1 characterized by having at least two ether groups between alkylene groups in a specific alkoxy perfluoroalkyl terminal group is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device is used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

Abstract: Diaromatic compounds, characterised in that they correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COR.sub.8 or --CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.9, R.sub.8 is H, OH, --OR.sub.10, --N(rr') or alkyl, R.sub.10 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, r and r' being H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, etc., r and r' together form a heterocycle, R.sub.9 is alkyl, alkenyl or a sugar residue, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --OR.sub.11 or --OCOR.sub.11, R.sub.11 is H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R.sub.3 in addition being H, R.sub.4 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, F, Cl or --CF.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 are H, OH, alkoxy, .alpha.-substituted alkyl or .alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted alkyl, etc., R.sub.6 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, etc., R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be OH or alkoxy and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be H, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 or R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula IAr.sub.1 --O--M--O--Ar.sub.2 Iwherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently substituted phenyl or substituted pyridinyl, the substituents on said phenyl or pyridinyl being independently selected from one, two or three of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, halogen, carbamyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl, oxazoyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, hydroxy, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl; ##STR1## (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8) alkylene, (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8) alkenylene or (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8)-alkynylene;O is oxygen;or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating or preventing viral infections, especially picornaviral infections, are disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula I, Ar.sub.1 --O--M--O--Ar.sub.2, wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently substituted phenyl or substituted pyridinyl, the substituents on said phenyl or pyridinyl being independently selected from one, two or three of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, halogen, carbamyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl, oxazoyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, hydroxy, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl; ##STR1## O is oxygen; R' is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or H; A is oxygen or sulfur; Q is selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl, (C.sub.1 C.sub.6) perhaloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkylthio (C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid crystals that are diphenyldiacetylenes of the general formulas: ##STR1## where W, X, Y and Z are, independently of one another, a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a trihalomethyl group, T.sub.1 and T.sub.2, independently of one another can be an alkyl, alkene, alkoxy, alkenoxy, ether, thioalkyl, thioalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or haloalkylether groups having from three to twenty carbon atoms or a silylalkyl, silylalkenyl, silylalkoxy or silylthioalkyl group having from three to twenty-eight carbon atoms and wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 can both be single bonds or one of M.sub.1 or M.sub.2 can be a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or a --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -trans-1,4-cyclohexylene.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising one or more compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1,. A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m, n, L.sup.1, L 2 and L.sup.3 are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of general formulae ##STR1## wherein A is O or S, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms, a hydroxy containing alkyl group, para-alkyl substituted phenyl, para-alkyl substituted biphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, hydroxybiphenyl or tosyl; R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having 2-8 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0-5, n is 0 or 1, where when m=0, n is not 1; p is 0 or 1; q is 0 or 1; D and E are independently H or a halogen atom; R.sub.3 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; and * and ** are asymmetric centers.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula IAr.sub.1 --O--M--O--Ar.sub.2 Iwherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently substituted phenyl or substituted pyridinyl, the substituents on said phenyl or pyridinyl being independently selected from one, two or three of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, halogen, carbamyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl, oxazoyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkyl substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxy, hydroxy, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10) alkoxycarbonyl; M is ##STR1## (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8) alkylene, (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8) alkenylene or (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8)-alkynylene;O is oxygen;or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating or preventing viral infections, especially picornaviral infections, are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein: is an integer of 3 to 8,each of X and Y is independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom,Z is --CF.sub.3, --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5,q is 0 or 5,m is 0 or 1,n is an integer of 2 to 8, andC* is an asymmetric carbon, provided that when m is 0, q is 0 and n is an integer of 4 to 8 and that when m is 1, q is 5 and z is --CF.sub.3,and use of tile above liquid crystal as a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: Substituted phenyl trifluoromethyl ethers of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.n --A.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3 --OCF.sub.3 Iin which R.sup.1, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, n, A.sup.2, Z.sup.2 and A.sup.3 have the meaning given in claim 1, are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkenyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkenyloxy group, an alkenyloxyalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 haloalkoxy group, a haloalkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 haloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 haloalkenyloxy group, a haloalkenyloxyalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkynyloxy group; R.sup.2 is a halogen atom; R.sup.3 groups are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.5 groups are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy group, a C.sub.

Abstract: The subject application discloses a chiral nonracemic composition of the general formula:R.sub.1 --Ar--O--CH.sub.2 --C*HX--C*HY--CH.sub.2 --O--R.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is an achiral tail of two to sixteen carbons; Ar is an achiral FLC core of at least two rings; * denotes a chiral carbon; X and Y are halogens; and R.sub.2 is one to ten carbon atoms. The --O--CH.sub.2 --C*HX--C*HY--CH.sub.2 --O-- segment comprises the chiral proximal segment of the chiral tail; the proximal segment is selected from the enantiomers 2R,3R-dihalo and 2S,3S-dihalo. R.sub.2 is the distal segment of the chiral tail.

Abstract: Anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) specified in claim 1 are suitable, owing to their low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values for liquid crystal displays which have high information densities of for examples up to 10.sup.6 image dots and accordingly need to be highly multiplexible; compared with known compounds they offer improved application properties and are relatively simple to synthesize.