Abstract: 1,4 fullerene deriatives useful for solar cells are provided, where their structures allow for straightforward functionalizations to tune their properties in terms of solubility and LUMO energy levels.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene, functionalized graphenes, and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol, functionalized graphenes, and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making indeno-fused naphthol materials, that involves, with some embodiments, forming an indanone acid intermediate, represented by the following general Formula V, With Formula V, m is from 0 to 4, and R1 for each m, Rg and Rh can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen and hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are a monomer for a hardmask composition represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, a hardmask composition including the monomer, and a method of forming a pattern using the same. In Chemical Formula 1, A, A?, L and n are the same as in the detailed description.

Abstract: A chromene compound having a short fading half period, especially, a short fading half period even at a low temperature in a general-purpose polymer solid matrix. The chromene compound is represented by the following formula (1). wherein R1 is a hydroxyl group or the like, R2 and R3 are each an aryl group or the like, C* is a spiro carbon atom, a spiro ring A represented by the following formula is a saturated hydrocarbon ring having 4 to 12 ring member carbon atoms or the like, and at least one ring member carbon atom constituting the ring A is a group represented by the following formula (4), and X is a divalent group such as arylene group, wherein R7 and R8 are each a cycloalkyl group or the like.

Abstract: Compounds of structure (I): including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2 and A are as defined herein are disclosed. Such compounds have enhanced water solubility and have activity as SHIP1 modulators, and thus may be used to treat any of a variety of diseases, disorders or conditions that would benefit from SHIP1 modulation. Enantioselective methods for preparation of compounds of structure (I), compositions comprising a compound of structure (I) in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluents and methods of SHIP1 modulation by administration of such compounds to an animal in need thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A first precipitate is formed by mixing graphite and an oxidizer containing an alkali metal salt in a solution. Next, a second precipitate is formed by ionizing the oxidizer which is included in the first precipitate, with an acid solution, and removing the oxidizer from the first precipitate. Then, a dispersion liquid in which graphene oxide is dispersed is prepared by mixing the second precipitate and water to form a mixed solution and then applying ultrasonic waves to the mixed solution or mechanically stirring the mixed solution, so that the graphene oxide is separated from graphite oxide that is the graphite which is included in the second precipitate and oxidized. Next, graphene oxide salt is formed by mixing the dispersion liquid, a basic solution, and an organic solvent and reacting the graphene oxide included in the dispersion liquid and a base included in the basic solution to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of making fused ring compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthols, and fused ring indenopyran compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthopyrans, that each employ an unsaturated compound represented by the following Formula II. Referring to the unsaturated compound of Formula II: Ring-A can be selected from optionally substituted aryl (e.g., phenyl); m can be, for example, from 0 to 4; R1 for each m can be selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl (e.g., C1-C6 alkyl) optionally interrupted with at least one linking group (e.g., —O—); and R3 and R16 can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, such as C1-C8 alkyl. When Ring-A is a phenyl group, the unsaturated compound represented by Formula II can be referred to as an unsaturated indanone acid/ester compound, or an indenone acid/ester compound (depending on whether R16 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making indeno-fused naphthol materials, that involves, with some embodiments, forming an indanone acid intermediate, which can be represented by the following general Formula V, With Formula V, m is from 0 to 4, and R1 for each m, Rg and Rh can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen and hydrocarbyl. The present invention also relates to a method of making an indeno-fused naphthopyran that involves an indanone acid intermediate synthetic route.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formulas (I) and (II), Ring-A of Formulas I and II can be, for example, an aryl group, and Q? and Q?? can each be independently selected from groups, such as, halogen, —OH, —CN, amine groups, amide groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, carboxylic acid groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, carbonate groups, sulfide groups, and sulfonic acid ester groups. The present invention also relates to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles that include one or more photochromic compounds, such as represented by Formula II.

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1) can be used as a material for a radiation-sensitive composition capable of forming a resist film which effectively responds to electron beams or the like, exhibits low roughness, and can form a high precision minute pattern in a stable manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adamantane derivative which provides a cured product excellent in optical characteristics such as transparency and light resistance, long-term heat resistance, electrical characteristics such as and dielectric constant, and low water absorption. Also disclosed are a resin composition containing the adamantane derivative, a sealing agent for electronic circuits, optical electronic member, semiconductor device and copper-clad laminate all using the resin composition, and a radiation-sensitive resin composition which contains the above-mentioned adamantane derivative as a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: 1,4 fullerene deriatives useful for solar cells are provided, where their structures allow for straightforward functionalizations to tune their properties in terms of solubility and LUMO energy levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of pelorol analogs of Formula, (I) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof as modulators of SHIP 1 activity. A compound or a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of an inflammatory, neoplastic, hematopoetic or immune disorder or condition in addition to other disorders and conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formulas (I) and (II), Ring-A of Formulas I and II can be, for example, an aryl group, and Q? and Q?? can each be independently selected from groups, such as, halogen, —OH, —CN, amine groups, amide groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, carboxylic acid groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, carbonate groups, sulfide groups, and sulfonic acid ester groups. The present invention also relates to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles that include one or more photochromic compounds, such as represented by Formula II.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, systems and methods for the chemical and electrochemical modification of the electronic structure of graphene and especially epitaxial graphene (EG) are presented. Beneficially, such systems and methods allow the large-scale fabrication of electronic EG devices. Vigorous oxidative conditions may allow substantially complete removal of the EG carbon atoms and the generation of insulating regions; such processing is equivalent to that which is currently used in the semiconductor industry to lithographically etch or oxidize silicon and thereby define the physical features and electronic structure of the devices. However graphene offers an excellent opportunity for controlled modification of the hybridization of the carbon atoms from sp2 to sp3 states by chemical addition of organic functional groups.

Abstract: A method of increasing the density of carbon nanotube fibres or films containing carbon nanotubes to at least 50% w/w, said method including the steps of exposing the fibre or film to suitable density enhancing agent, or to electromagnetic radiation, or by applying heat, or by mechanical compaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to relates to methods for producing gossypol acetic acid co-crystals and (?)-gossypol acetic acid co-crystals. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising gossypol acetic acid co-crystals and (?)-gossypol acetic acid co-crystals and the use of gossypol acetic acid co-crystals and (?)-gossypol acetic acid co-crystals for inducing apoptosis in cells and for sensitizing cells to the induction of apoptotic cell death.

Abstract: Described are naphthols useful in the manufacture of novel indeno-fused photochromic naphthopyran materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyl-oxybenzylbenzene derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a carbamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group etc.; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkylthio) group etc., or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, diabetic complication or obesity, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzylphenol derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group; and R12 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkoxy) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkylthio) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkyl) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkoxy) group or a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkylthio) group; with the proviso that R12 is not a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group or a methoxy group when R11 is a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof, which are used as intermediates for making glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene compounds having inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful in treating diseases associated with hyperglycemia, such as diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process wherein (+)-2-carene epoxide is coupled with a compound X—Y that contains nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties, to produce a compound of formula (5). The reaction mixture consists essentially of a source of (+)-2-carene epoxide, compound X—Y, optionally an inert solvent and optionally a pH buffer. No acid catalyst is used in the process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing a calix[4]hydroquinone organic nanotube and a method for synthesizing an ultrathin, stable nanowire using said organic nanotube as a template.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an epoxy resin composition which has high flexibility, can be molded to a thin membrane, and can become a noninflammable cured product. The present invention comprises a polyphenol compound obtained by reacting to condense phenol with bischloromethyl biphenyl or bismethoxymethyl biphenyl, removing unreacted phenol and then reacting with BCMB again, wherein the polyphenol compound has a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000 or more as determined by GPC, and using the polyphenol compound as an agent for curing an epoxy resin.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide a perylene derivative preparation process featuring satisfactory yields and improved preparation efficiency, a perylene derivative obtained by the process, and an organic EL device using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel naphthopyran-type compounds, which are annelated in position C5-C6 with a seven-membered carbocycle, and which are of formula (I) given below: These compounds (I) possess interesting photochromic properties. The invention also relates to their preparation, their applications as photochromes as well as the compositions and (co)polymer matrices containing them.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of ER&bgr;-selective ligands for production of medicaments for regulating fertility without additional use of a progestin.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing a calix[4]hydroquinone organic nanotube and a method for synthesizing an ultrathin, stable nanowire using said organic nanotube as a template.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (also referred to as triflic acid) and a sufficient quantity of a substance (also referred to as a retarder) to decrease but not eliminate the catalytic activity of the acid is disclosed. Also disclosed, is a method and composition for condensing a hydroxyaryl with a diene by use of the catalyst composition. The method is capable of producing condensates having: a mole ratio of 1 mole of the diene to one mole of the hydroxyaryl; one mole of diene to two moles of the hydroxyaryl as well as higher molecular weight products such as resins by changes in temperature, time of reaction, type and quantity of retarder and other variables.

Abstract: A process for resolving racemic diesters of (R,S)(.+-.)-5-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindane is disclosed. The process utilizes a microbial enzyme derived from Chromobacterium viscosum to catalyze the enantioselective and regioselective hydrolysis of the (S)(-)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture to its corresponding monoester at a faster rate than the (R)(+)-enantiomer. A substantially pure (S)(-)-indane monoester is thereby formed, while the (R)(+)-indane diester remains unreacted. The (S)(-)-monoester and the (R)(+)-diester can then be hydrolyzed using conventional techniques to form optically active (R)(+)- and (S)(-)-5-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindane enantiomers for use as monomers in the synthesis of chiral polymers.

Abstract: Dioxetanes which couple with organic and biological molecules of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a leaving group which is removed by an activating agent to produce light, wherein A is a coupling substituent, Ar is a substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl and naphthyl to provide a label are described. R.sub.1 is an optional linker substituent and can have between 1 and 30 carbon atoms with some of the carbon atoms being oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus. Ar as phenyl is preferred. The dioxetane coupled molecules are useful in assays of all types where luminescence can be used as an indicator.

Abstract: The invention provides dihydronaphthofluorene compounds, formulations, and methods of inhibiting bone loss or bone resorption, particularly osteoporosis, and cardiovascular-related pathological conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel classes of anti-androgens including dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, their method of synthesis and their use in treating disorders associated with excessive androgenic activities.

Abstract: Diaromatic compounds, characterized in that they correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COR.sub.8 or --CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.9, R.sub.8 is H, OH, --OR.sub.10, --N(rr') or alkyl, R.sub.10 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, r and r' being H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, etc., r and r' together form a heterocycle, R.sub.9 is alkyl, alkenyl or a sugar residue, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --OR.sub.11 or --OCOR.sub.11, R.sub.11 is H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R.sub.3 in addition being H, R.sub.4 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, F, Cl or --CF.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 are H, OH, alkoxy, .alpha.-substituted alkyl or .alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted alkyl, etc., R.sub.6 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, etc., R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be OH or alkoxy and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be H, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 or R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: A phenolic compound is provided which can be described by the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is a C.sub.6-20 aromatic moiety, L is a cyclohexanenorbornane linking moiety, L' is a divalent cycloaliphatic moiety, and each of m and n is a number within the range of 0 to about 10. Such phenols include the product of the addition reaction of phenol with a cyclohexenenorbornene compound such as 5-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene.

Abstract: A novolac resin is prepared by reacting a phenolic compound, an aldehyde or a ketone, and a hydroxyl-substituted benzocyclobutene compound wherein the hydroxyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. The benzocyclobutenes are connected to the phenolic rings through an oxygen or oxyaryl bridge, or the cyclobutene is fused directly to a phenol ring. The novolac resin cures without evolution of volatiles and, when cured, provides a polymer which has a high glass transition temperature and which is essentially insoluble in organic solvents.

Abstract: A fluorided silica-alumina catalyst, particularly one with a silica:alumina ratio in the range of 1:1-9:1 containing from 1 to 6 weight percent fluoride, is particularly effective in the liquid phase alkylation of benzene by linear olefins to produce linear alkyl benzenes at temperatures no greater than 140.degree. C. These catalysts also are effective in the liquid phase alkylation of alkylatable aromatics generally with a variety of alkylating agents, including olefins, alcohols, and alkyl halides.

Abstract: A process for microbial conversion of benzocyclobutene to the corresponding 3,4-dihydrodiol followed by acid catalyzed dehydration to 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene.

Abstract: Silica-aluminas having a sodium content less than about 0.1 weight percent show increased stability when used as a catalyst for the alkylation of aromatic compounds. Where such silica-aluminas are used as the catalyst in detergent alkylation their increased stability permits continuous alkylation to be performed at lower temperatures, as a result of which the detergent alkylate product shows an incrementally higher linearity. Fluorided silica-aluminas having a sodium content of under 0.05 weight percent are particularly advantageous.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 3- or 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene comprises reacting a 3- or 4-halogenzocyclobutene reactant with an alkali metal hydroxide by heating in an aqueous alcohol medium at a temperature from about 50.degree. C. to a temperature at which dimerization or oligomerization of a benzocyclobutene reactant or product is a significant side reaction, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst, for a time sufficient to convert the halobenzocyclobutene reactant to the hydroxybenzocyclobutene product.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel classes of anti-androgen including dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, their method of synthesis and their use in treating disorders associated with excessive androgenic activities.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) ##STR1## its isomers and its salts in which R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -acyloxy or hydroxyl;R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl;R" is either a polyene chain or a benzene ringare useful in cosmetics and in the treatment of various dermatological and other complaints.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel fluorescent compositions having the potential for absorption of visible and UV radiation and for re-emitting the radiation at longer wavelengths. The compositions comprise rare earth chelates containing a phenalenone nucleus.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives which are inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis. The compounds of the invention are useful as inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis, per se, and as analgesic, antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives; to methods of inhibiting prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and biosynthesis of interleukin-1; and to treating chronic inflammatory diseases in a mammal with said compounds. Further, this invention relates to certain novel carboxylic acids useful as intermediates in the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives of this invention and to a process for the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-adamantane derivatives characterized by the fact that a 1-acyloxyadamantane, in which the acyl group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is reacted with a receptor compound in a linear aliphatic or cycloaliphatic type solvent in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and at ambient temperature.

Abstract: 3,5-di-alkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-substituted aromatics are made in improved yield by co-feeding 2,6-di-alkyl-4-alkoxymethyl phenol and sulfuric acid to a benzene compound, e.g. mesitylene, in an inert solvent at -10.degree. to 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of optically active (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-binaphthol and catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis of corresponding racemic (R,S)-(.+-.)-binaphthol an (R,S)(.+-.)-spirobiindanol diesters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of the formula (II) ##STR1## and the corresponding isomers and salts, in which formula: a and b are integers which independently of one another can assume the values 0 or 1,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy radical,R.sub.6 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical,R.sub.5 and R.sub.12 represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical, with the proviso that R.sub.5 cannot represent hydrogen if a=b=0 andR.sub.11 has various meanings.These compounds have useful dermatological properties.

Abstract: A novel compound, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol, and a novel preparation process of 4,4'-biphenol by using the novel compound as the raw material.4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol can be obtained by conducting a thermal decomposition reaction of 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol. 4,4'-Biphenol can be industrially manufactured by conducting a dehydrogenation reaction of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol.

Abstract: 1,4-dihydroxy, 5,8-dihydronaphthalene and related compounds are provided from benzoquinone, and 1,3-butadiene which may be substituted with halogen, acyl, and alkyl, in a one step reaction in the presence of a ferric salt catalyst.