Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for treating phenol tar, and, more particularly to a method for separating valuable products from phenol tar by treating the tar with steam.

Abstract: A method for reduction of salt content in phenol tars with no additional solvent which washes the tars with water alone in a countercurrent flow extractor and substantially reduces the level of salt in the tar.

Abstract: Phenol dissolved in an aqueous sulphatic stream discharged from a reactor in which cumene hydroperoxide is oxidized to phenol and acetone is recovered by extracting phenol present in said aqueous sulphatic stream containing phenol, Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and organic impurities, in a multi-step extractor with an organic solvent, thereby forming an extracted product organic phase and a refined aqueous product phase, the ratio of the extracted product phase to the refined product phase ranging from 0.1 to 1 v/v at a temperature ranging from 20.degree.-70.degree. C., and obtaining phenol by distillation or re-extraction of the recovered extracted product organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of separating and purifying phenol in a simple and economical manner, by employing a step of adding high pressure carbon dioxide to the aqueous phenol solution to form a solid clathrate of phenol. According to the method of separating phenol of the present invention, phenol can be separated from the highly concentrated phenol solution without employing solvent or post-treatment step, finally to give 100 mole % of a solid phenol and 0.6 mole % of an aqueous phenol solution by employing only one step. Moreover, since the method is carried out at the temperature of below room temperature without excess energy consumption, the separation of phenol can be made in a simple and economical manner.

Abstract: Zeolite catalysts useful for the production of phenol and its derivatives by oxidative hydroxylation of benzene and its derivatives by nitrous oxide, e.g. at temperatures of 225.degree.-450.degree. C., having substantially enhanced process characteristics resulting from hydrothermal treatment using a gas containing from about 3 to 100 mole percent water vapor, e.g. in nitrogen, at a temperature ranging from about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Two hours of hydrothermal treatment has been shown to be effective.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of cresols, including the steps of: (a) conducting oxygenation of cymene with oxygen gas or an oxygen-containing gas, thereby obtaining a solution of oxygenation products containing tertiary and primary hydroperoxides of cymene; (b) reacting the solution of oxygenation products obtained in the step (a) with an organic quaternary ammonium salt and an alkali, or with an organic quaternary ammonium hydroxide, thereby decreasing the content of primary hydroperoxide; (c) subjecting the reaction mixture in the step (b) to decomposition in the presence of a catalyst; and (d) subjecting the decomposition mixture in the step (c) to hydrogenation, thereby obtaining the desired cresols.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby phenol is separated from 1-phenyl ethanol, acetophenone or mixtures by extractive distillation with sulfolane as extractive distillation agent which decreases phenol volatility relative to 1-phenyl ethanol and acetophenone.

Abstract: An assembly for removing hydrophilic contaminants and a method of removing hydrophilic contaminants such as sodium included in an oil-state liquid using the removing assembly, which is able to remove positively the hydrophilic contaminants such as the sodium included in the oil-state liquid in each process of the plant such as a phenol producing apparatus as well as maintain a certain level of the removing performance for a long duration, consisting of: a coalescing element for coalescing and separating from the oil-state liquid the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants such as sodium by being penetrated the fiber layer having the characteristics of alkali resistance and solvent resistance, typified by a carbon fiber; a liquid feeding means for feeding and supplying a mixed liquid of the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants and the oil-state liquid; a water collecting means for collecting the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants which is coalesced and separated; and a oil colle

Abstract: The present invention is an improved method for the recovery of phenol from a cleavage mass resulting from the sulfuric acid cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide comprising neutralizing the cleavage mass, forming an aqueous phase and an organic phase, separating the organic phase into an acetone-rich stream and a phenol-rich stream, removing phenol tars from the phenol-rich stream and cracking the phenol tars wherein the improvement comprises maintaining the pH of the cleavage mass during neutralization between 4.0 and about 4.9 whereby the sulfuric acid is converted to the bisulfate salt and substantially no free sulfuric acid remains in the cleavage mass and corrosion of process equipment is reduced.As a result of this improved process, a phenol tar waste stream containing less than about 4 parts per million by weight of chromium is obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to processing of a mixture of tars produced in phenol manufacture and in bisphenol manufacture. The heating of a bottom liquid from a bisphenol-A process together with phenol tar from in a cumene-to-phenol process in a distillation column-type thermal cracking reactor at 290.degree.-360.degree. C. at a mass ratio of 1:(1-10) is employed. The process is carried out by feed entering into the middle of the column and valuable products removed as overhead.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purification of phenol and specifically to a method for purification of phenol produced within the process of joint phenol and acetone production by cumene method.The aim of the invention is to develop a catalyst which has high activity for phenol purification from organic mico-impurities with regeneration of the catalyst and which has high mechanical strength and stability with long catalyst life.This result is obtained by phenol purification using a heterogeneous zeolite catalyst. The acidity of the catalyst measured by butane cracking (K.sub.A) is more than 10.It is preferable to use zeolites which are designated according to the classification of the International Zeolite Association by indices FAU (zeolites X, Y), MFI (for example, ZSM-5), MOR (mordenite), MAZ (omega), BEA (beta), FER (ferrierite) and others. These zeolites can be used with binders (aluminum oxide, silica gel, aluminosilicates or aluminophosphates) and without them.

Abstract: A process for purifying phenol, phenol-type compounds, and substituted phenol and phenol-type compounds of contamination by components more acidic than the phenol component comprising treating a phenol containing process stream by contacting the stream with an amphoteric porous inorganic oxide.

Abstract: A process to separate in a fractionation zone an admixture comprising phenol, alpha-methylstyrene and water to produce an alpha-methylstyrene stream containing a minimum of phenol. The pH of the overhead aqueous phase is adjusted with a base to greater than about 6.

Abstract: An improved phenol tar cracking process using a rectification column as a hydrocracker obtains an increased yield of valuable products, phenol, cumene and alpha-methylstyrene, by taking from 50 to 100% of the acetophenone in the reactor overhead with the cracked product stream.

Abstract: A procedure for the recovery of phenol from its mixtures containing cumene and alpha-methylstyrene, is based on the extractive distillation of the mixtures with acetophenone.

Abstract: The present invention provides in a particular embodiment an improvement in the process for producing phenol by the acid-catalyzed cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The reactant stream fed to the cleavage reactor also includes the contaminant by-product dimethyl benzyl alcohol (DMBA) formed during the direct oxidation of cumene to CHP. This contaminant DMBA further reacts in the cleavage reactor to reduce the yield of phenol and produce undesirable and unreclaimable by-products. The improvement provided herein comprises performing the cleavage reaction at a reduced residence time of generally from one-half to five minutes, whereby the formation of .alpha.-methyl styrene from DMBA is promoted and the formation of the undesirable and unreclaimable by-products is reduced; .alpha.-methyl styrene is not only a useful by-product, but can be recycled and hydrogenated to the cumene starting material.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of methylbenzofuran (MBF) impurities in phenol obtained from the decomposition product of cumene hydroperoxide requires treating the phenol to reduce the level of acetol, contacting the phenol containing a low level of acetol with an acid resin at sufficient temperature and residence time to reduce the level of MBF by conversion to higher boiling compounds, then distilling the phenol to separate phenol from higher boiling compounds. The phenol may be treated in known ways, such as by treatment with an amine, to reduce the level of acetol. The phenol containing a low level of acetol is contacted with a strong acid resin to reduce the level MBF.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of cresols, including the steps of: (a) conducting oxygenation of cymene with oxygen gas or an oxygen-containing gas without any addition of an alkali, thereby obtaining a solution of oxygenation products containing tertiary and primary hydroperoxides of cymene; (b) washing the solution of oxygenation products obtained in step (a) with an aqueous alkali solution at a temperature in the range of from 10.degree. to 95.degree. C.; (c) subjecting the solution of oxygenation products obtained in step (b) to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of from 60.degree. to 100.degree. C. to decrease the content of primary hydroperoxide in such a manner that the weight ratio of primary hydroperoxide to tertiary hydroperoxide is not greater than 1/25 (w/w); (d) subjecting the solution treated in step (c) to decomposition in the presence of a catalyst; and (e) subjecting the solution treated in step (d) to hydrogenation to obtain cresols.

Abstract: The present invention provides in a particular embodiment an improvement in the process for producing phenol by the acid-catalyzed cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The reactant stream fed to the cleavage reactor also includes the contaminant by-product dimethyl benzyl alcohol (DMBA) formed during the direct oxidation of cumene to CHP. This contaminant DMBA further reacts in the cleavage reactor to reduce the yield of phenol and produce undesirable and unreclaimable by-products. The improvement provided herein comprises performing the cleavage reaction at a reduced residence time of generally from one-half to five minutes, whereby the formation of .alpha.-methyl styrene from DMBA is promoted and the formation of the undesirable and unreclaimable by-products is reduced; .alpha.-methyl styrene is not only a useful by-product, but can be recycled and hydrogenated to the cumene starting material.

Abstract: A process for purifying and recovering phenol present in a mixed solution containing phenol and one or more compounds capable of forming azeotropic mixtures with phenol wherein an additive which is at least one compound belonging to the following groups 1 to 5 is added to the mixed solution and the resulting mixture is distilled:group 1: dialkylene glycols having 2-10 carbon atoms, polyalkylene glycols having 2-10 carbon atoms, and the ethers thereof,group 2: alkanediols having 2-20 carbon atoms,group 3: ethanolamine-type compounds represented by the formula (1) shown below,group 4: lactam compounds represented by the formula (2) shown below,group 5: quinoline, sulfolane, and N,N-dimethylimidazolidinone, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a monohydroxyalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, m represents an integer of 1-4, and X represents a hydroxyl group, an amino group or a hydrogen atom provided that R.sub.

Abstract: sec-Butylbenzene hydroperoxide obtained by oxidizing sec-butylbenzene is decomposed into phenol and methyl ethyl ketone, a resulting liquid comprising a methyl ethyl ketone as the main component is washed with an aqueous alkali solution to remove carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, unsaturated ketones, and aldehydes, and the washed liquid is further subjected to neutralization, dehydration, and distillation.A methyl ethyl ketone can be obtained which has a high quality with regard to purity and potassium permanganate fading.

Abstract: The invention is related to petrochemistry and is useful in the process of combined production of phenol and acetone by the cumene method. The method is a two stage process which minimizes waste water volume, diminishes equipment corrosion and minimizes consumption of cumene. In the first stage, the phenol tar is treated with a 2-5% water solution of a water soluble amine at a ratio of 1:1.5-1:4.0 to produce two layers, water and organic. At the second stage the water layer from the first stage is thermotreated. As a result, water soluble amino phenate decomposes to amine and phenol. Gaseous amine is removed from the system and then recycled to the first stage. The phenol water solution obtained from the thermotreatment is extracted by standard extraction agents (e.g. diisopropylether, cumene).The water layer from the phenol extraction is about 50-95% of the original water solution employed in the first stage and is then saturated with the amine and recycled to the first stage.

Abstract: Process for oxidizing aromatic and aliphatic compounds, by using, in aqueous solution, an enzymatic system constituted by hydrogen, peroxide as the oxidizer compound, peroxidase and activated oxygen, or an enzyme which releases activated oxygen from H.sub.2 O.sub.2.In the preferred process, the enzymatic system is a double-enzyme one, in which peroxidase and catalase are used as enzymes.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly pure phenol, in which a crude phenol obtained from an acid-decomposition product of cumene hydroperoxide and having an .alpha.-methylstyrene content of 15% by weight or less is catalytically treated with an acidic .gamma.-alumina catalyst having a specific surface area of 80 to 400 m.sup.2 /g and an acid strength, according to Hammett's acidity function (Ho), of 3.ltoreq.Ho.ltoreq.6.8, in order to convert aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds contained in the crude phenol into high-boiling compounds without causing the substantial formation of a dimer of .alpha.-methylstyrene contained in the crude phenol, and then, a phenol and the so-formed high-boiling compounds were separated by distillation.

Abstract: A process for separating phenol obtained by the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide from high boiling impurities, includes the following steps:a) feeding phenol rectification bottoms comprising phenol, acetophenone, cumylphenol, alpha-methylstyrene dimers and high boiler residues to a first phenol freeing distillation column A;b) feeding concentrated bottoms with substantially reduced phenol content from column A to a second residue concentration distillation column B;c) withdrawing a stream rich in compounds boiling between phenol and residue, particularly cumylphenol, from said column B from a point below the feed and returning at least a portion of said stream to said column A at a point above the feed;d) recovering overheads from column A comprising at least 95 weight percent phenol; ande) recovering acetophenone-rich overheads from column B comprising at least 70 weight percent acetophenone.

Abstract: Caustic requirements are substantially reduced in the treatment of epoxidate from olefin/ethylbenzene hydroperoxide epoxidation by treating the epoxidate products with an aqueous stream comprised of alkali metal carbonate, separating a phenol-containing 1-phenyl ethanol fraction from the treated expodiate, separating phenol from the 1-phenyl ethanol fraction by treatment with basic anion exchange resin, regenerating the resin with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, and converting alkali metal hydroxide from the resin regeneration to alkali metal carbonate for use in the epoxidate treatment.

Abstract: Phenol production process wherein:1) benzene is reacted with propene and isopropylic alcohol by contacting a catalyst based on a dealuminized Y zeolite with a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio ranging from 8 to 70, then the obtained product is fractionated into a first fraction comprising non converted benzene, a second fraction comprising cumene and a third fraction comprising polyisopropylbenzenes,2) said third fraction is reacted with benzene by contacting a catalyst based on a dealuminized Y zeolite with a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio ranging from 8 to 70 or based on a dealuminized mordenite with a total Si/Al atomic ratio ranging from 20 to 60, and cumene is collected,3) the obtained cumene is converted into a mixture of acetone and phenol,4) the obtained acetone is at least partly hydrogenized into an isopropylic alcohol which is then recycled at least partly to stage 1.

Abstract: The process for rectification of phenol prepared from crude phenol being the product of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide and having previously been distilled to remove large portions of acetone, cumene and alpha methylstyrene which includes:feeding the column overhead vapors to a condenser, thereby condensing a major portion of the overhead vapors;withdrawing a small portion of the overhead vapors from the condenser while still in a vapor state, the small portion being relatively enriched in lights and laden with light acids;returning the condensate from the condenser to the phenol distillation column as reflux; andwithdrawing product phenol from at least one-theoretical stage below the top of the phenol distillation column, the product phenol having improved clarity when dispersed in water, clarity being at least 93 percent light transmission as measured by an electrophotometer in a water light test.

Abstract: This invention is a continuous process for preparing phenol having improved clarity when dispersed in water. The phenol is prepared from crude phenol being the product of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide and having previously been distilled to remove large portions of acetone, cumene and alphamethyl styrene.

Abstract: High purity phenol is obtained from cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide by treating the crude phenol product stream in a first treatment zone with an amine, a coarse distillation to obtain an overhead stream comprising phenol, alpha-methyl styrene, cumene, and impurities, and steam distillation of the overhead stream in combination with addition of an amine to the steam distillation column for a second amine treatment step.

Abstract: Phenol/substituted phenols are prepared by directly hydroxylating an aromatic substrate with nitrous oxide, in vapor phase, in the presence of a modified (acidified) ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 zeolite, containing such elements as Ga, Fe, B, In, Cr, Sc, Co, Ni, Be, Zn, Cu, Sb, As or V.

Abstract: In a first form, a process is provided for preparing phenol by converting acetone by-produced by the cumene process into isopropanol, and alkylating benzene with the isopropanol and optional propylene, thereby forming phenol without acetone by-product. And cumene is prepared by alkylating benzene in the presence of a zeolite catalyst using isopropanol or a mixture of isopropanol and propylene as an alkylating agent. Further provided is the continuous alkylation of benzene with isopropanol wherein a reaction mixture is divided into first and second portions, with the first portion being recycled to the reactor and the second portion being taken out as a reaction product.

Abstract: A process for recovering phenol from a rectification purge containing various organic foreign matters, which includes the steps of subjecting the purge to an extraction operation, using, as an extracting solvent, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal phenate.

Abstract: The catalysts for use in pyrolytic decomposition of the phenol distillation residue in accordance with the present invention are used in pyrolytically decomposing a distillation residue resulting from the separation by distillation of cumene, phenol and acetone from a reaction mixture obtained by oxidizing cumene with molecular oxygen followed by acid cleavage, and the present catalysts are characterized by comprising oxygen containing metallic compounds having a particle diameter of 0.002-100 .mu.m.Furthermore, the processes for recovering useful substances from a phenol distillation residue containing the same in accordance with the present invention are characterized by allowing said phenol distillation residue to undergo pyrolytic reaction at a temperature of 200.degree.-350.degree. C., preferably 250.degree.-300.degree. C., in the presence of the above-mentioned oxygen containing metallic compound catalysts having a particle diameter of 0.002-100 .mu.

Abstract: Crude phenol containing methyl benzofuran and other impurities is distilled in the presence of water to recover a phenol bottoms having a reduced quantity of impurities. The water-phenol overhead is cooled to separate a water phase essentially free of methyl benzofuran, which is recycled to the distillation. The organic phase may then be further distilled, in the presence of water, as previously described, to eventually recover a reduced quantity of phenol in which impurities are concentrated.

Abstract: Crude phenol, containing AMS by-product, and MBF impurity, is distilled in the presence of water to separate MBF impurity.

Abstract: A process for improving the quality of phenol which comprises(a) introducing a liquid phenol composition comprising above about 95 weight percent phenol on a dry basis, organic acid contaminants, and organic ketone contaminants;(b) introducing water into the distillation tower, together with the phenol stream or in a separate stream;(c) heating the phenol composition and water to a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize the water;(d) allowing the organic acid contaminant to build to a concentration whereby sufficient acid is present to catalyze a reaction between an organic ketone contaminant and phenol, thereby forming a new compound(s) and;(e) removing the said formed compound(s) from the distillation tower by hydroextractive steam distillation.

Abstract: Phenol feed to a steam distilling column, containing alpha-methylstyrene and mesityl oxide, is treated with a base, without acidification, and the heavy phenol product is acidified and distilled in a high purity column to recover high purity phenol as a sidestream and lighter components as overhead. Acidification after steam distilling, rather than prior to steam distilling, increases phenol recovery by reducing the overhead pasteurizing cut from the high purity column.

Abstract: Phenol containing MBF impurity is distilled in the presence of water and an extraction solvent for MBF (preferably AMS and/or cumene) to recover a phenol bottoms having reduced impurities. The use of solvent permits a reduction in the amount of water used, which reduces the amount of phenol in the overhead, thereby lowering costs.

Abstract: In the production of high purity phenol, a water-phenol mixture recovered from the top of a distillation column is contacted with a water immiscible solvent to extract methyl benzofuran and other by-products and impurities in phenol production therefrom, with the extraction being accomplished at a temperature at which the water-phenol mixture is present as a single phase liquid. The remaining mixture of phenol and water is recycled to the distillation.

Abstract: Phenol and acetone are produced by the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of a solid heterogeneous catalyst with acidic activity comprising zeolite beta.

Abstract: Phenol and acetone are produced by the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of a solid heterogeneous catalyst with acidic activity comprising an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5.

Abstract: In a method for producing phloroglucin by a decomposition of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene trihydroperoxide (hereinafter referred to as THPO), a method for producing phloroglucin wherein an acid catalytic decomposition is carried out under the condition that:(1) at least one member selected from the group consisting of perchloric acid, sulfuric anhydride and boron trifluoride be used as a catalyst,(2) the amount of the catalyst above in the reaction solution be 1 to 100 ppm,(3) the water content in the reaction solution be not more than 2% by weight, and(4) the total amount of the carbinol group of carbinols (having a structure in which part or all of the three hydroperoxy groups of THPO have been replaced by hydroxyl groups) contaminating the raw material for reaction be not more than 1/5 equivalent based on THPO.The phloroglucin is useful as a starting material of medicines and photosensitizers.

Abstract: A method for purifying phloroglucin wherein crude phloroglucin obtained by an acid-decomposition of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene trihydroperoxide in the presence of a solvent and removal of the formed acetone and the solvent by evaporation, is extraction-treated within a pH range of 7.5 to 12 in the coexistence of an aqueous alkali liquor of 4 to 25 times by weight based on the crude phloroglucin and an organic solvent of 0.05 to 6 times by weight based on said aqueous alkali liquor selected from ketones and esters which are separable from the aqueous alkali liquor, and after acidifying the separated aqueous alkali extract, the deposited crystal is recrystalized.The phloroglucin is useful as a starting material of medicines and photosensitizers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the recovery of a phenol-free cumene fraction from a mixture thereof with phenol and water. Said mixture is introduced into a first fractionation column at conditions to separate a bottom fraction comprising a major portion of said phenol and an overhead fraction comprising said cumene and water and a residual portion of said phenol. The overhead fraction is condensed to form an aqueous phase containing a minor portion of the residual phenol and a water-saturated organic phase comprising cumene and the balance of said residual phenol. The water-saturated organic phase is then further treated in a second fractionation column whereby cumene is recovered as an overhead fraction substantially free of phenol.

Abstract: A process for recovery of resorcinol from an aqueous resorcinol solution containing hydroquinone which comprises oxidizing an aqueous resorcinol solution containing about 10 to about 60% by weight of resorcinol and up to about 1% by weight of hydroquinone with molecular oxygen at conditions of pH 6.5 to 9.5, followed by recovering resorcinol from the resultant oxidation product.

Abstract: In an improved process for recovering a phenolic compound, the improvement comprising, subjecting a phenolic containing fraction recovered overhead in an extractive distillation, to a subsequent steam distillation; recovering the phenolic product as a bottoms fraction therefrom, and recycling such product to some point upstream in the process.

Abstract: Phenol pitch obtained as a bottoms fraction in the distillation of phenol deriving from the acid hydrolysis of cumene hydroperoxide is treated to recover therefrom desired products consisting of phenol, alpha-methylstyrene, cumene and acetone, by introducing steam and the phenol pitch, into a reactor in a weight ratio of from 0.01:1 to 1:1, withdrawing from the top of said reactor a vapor phase comprising said desired products, withdrawing from the bottom of said reactor a liquid phase consisting essentially of compounds of higher boiling point than said desired products, and operating at a pressure of 4-12 Kg/cm.sup.2, at a temperature of 320.degree.-400.degree. C., as measured in the liquid phase, and with a residence time of 0.5-10 hours.

Abstract: Ketal and hemiketal found in the reaction mass resulting from the acid catalyzed cleavage of cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide in the presence of alcohol are removed from the reaction mass resulting upon the acid catalyzed cleavage by separating an organic layer from said mass and treating said organic layer with an acid thus improving the yield of cyclohexanone, recovering alcohol and facilitating ensuing purification operations.

Abstract: In a process for producing a phenolic compound which comprises treating an aralkyl hydroperoxide with a mineral acid to cleave it to phenolic compound and a ketone, neutralizing or removing the mineral acid, feeding the resulting acid cleavage mixture containing the salt to a distillation column, distilling it therein to separate it into an overhead fraction consisting mainly of the ketone and a bottom fraction consisting mainly of the phenolic compound, and recovering the phenolic compound from the bottom fraction; the improvement which comprises withdrawing a liquid layer from a site of feeding the acid cleavage mixture in the distillation column or from a site below it but above the bottom of the distillation column, subjecting the liquid layer to an oil-water separating means, recycling the separated oil layer to a site below said site of withdrawal, optionally feeding a hydrocarbon having a lower boiling point than the phenolic compound but a higher boiling point than the keton and/or water to the distil