Abstract: The invention provides a transition metal complex of formula (3) below: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atom(s); R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atom(s); X1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atom(s); L represents a balancing counter ion or neutral ligand similar to X1 that is bonding or coordinating to metal M; and q represents an integer of 0 or 1, and G20 represents any one of G21 to G26 below: where A1 represents an element of Group 15 of the periodic table, wherein A1 in G23 represents an anion of an element of Group 15 of the periodic table, and A1 in G21 represents a nitrogen atom; R9, R14, R12, R13, R19, R20, R10, R11, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21 and R22 ea

Abstract: A method is provided for the efficient, low cost removal of acetol from a phenol stream. The method results in removal of substantially all of the acetol from the phenol stream without the formation of substantial amounts of additional methylbenzofuran. The method also avoids the use of expensive reagents and capital intensive distillation equipment.

Abstract: A tar desalting process wherein the tar containing salts is mixed with dilute aqueous orthophosphoric acid in either a batch or continuous process, allowed to settle into two phases, an organic phase and an aqueous phase containing most of the salts which is then removed from the organic phase. The process removes a high percentage of the salts from the tar and reduces fouling and corrosion of downstream equipment.

Abstract: A class of asymmetric monobenzoxanthene compounds useful as fluorescent dyes are disclosed having the structure ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.1, and Y.sub.2 are individually hydroxyl, amino, imminium, or oxygen, R.sub.1 -R.sub.8 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, alkyl alkene, alkyne, sulfonate, amino, amido, nitrile, alkoxy, linking group, and combinations thereof, and R.sub.9 is acetylene, alkane, alkene, cyano, substituted phenyl and combinations thereof The invention ftrther includes novel intermediate compounds useful for the synthesis of asymmetric benzoxanthene compounds having the general structure ##STR2## where substituents R.sub.3 -R.sub.7 correspond to like-referenced substituents in the structure of described above, and Y.sub.2 is hydroxyl or amine. In another aspect, the invention includes methods for synthesizing the above dye compounds and intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting nitrohydroxyaromatics from aqueous solutions. In this process, the extracting agent used is an amine salt which comprises an aliphatic amine having a total carbon number of 10 to 75 and a strong acid. The amine salt can be employed undiluted or diluted with an organic solvent.

Abstract: Product losses and color formation are sometimes encountered in the synthesis of bisphenol A from phenol and acetone in the presence of a cation exchange resin, particularly in the crude product stream from which bisphenol A has been separated via its phenol adduct. Such losses are suppressed and the crude product stream stabilized and decolorized by contact with an anion exchange resin.

Abstract: Phenol feed to a steam distilling column, containing alpha-methylstyrene and mesityl oxide, is treated with a base, without acidification, and the heavy phenol product is acidified and distilled in a high purity column to recover high purity phenol as a sidestream and lighter components as overhead. Acidification after steam distilling, rather than prior to steam distilling, increases phenol recovery by reducing the overhead pasteurizing cut from the high purity column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting phenols from aqueous solutions. The extractant used is a salt of an aliphatic amine, having a total carbon number of at least 10, and a strong acid.

Abstract: In removing a phenol from an aqueous solution containing the phenol, the phenol could be extracted quite effectively regardless of concentration of the phenol by using, as extracting solvent, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having a total carbon number of 9 or more either alone or in the state of a dilution with a water-insoluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A method of eliminating color-causing impurities in mixtures of t-butyl alkylphenols by treatment with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine at 90.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressure is described. These phenols are used as peroxide inhibitors in polyoxyalkylene glycols for polyurethane foams. Discoloration of the polyol occurs if the phenol mixture is not treated with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine. The t-butyl alkylphenol mixture is derived from an alkylphenol made over an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A trisubstituted phosphate is employed as extractive distillation solvent in the separation of cumene and phenol.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a phenol compound prepared by decarboxylative oxidation of a benzoic acid to a phenol compound, including treating the phenol with a countercurrent flow of phosphoric acid and a temperature gradient to remove substituted and unsubstituted benzaldehyde and related compounds.

Abstract: Phenol-, cyclohexanone-, and cyclohexylbenzene-containing mixtures are extractively distilled to provide overhead of cyclohexanone and a kettle product substantially free of cyclohexanone by employing an N,N-disubstituted amide. When substantially no cyclohexylbenzene is present in the mixture to be extractively distilled, the kettle product will be essentially composed of the amide and phenol.

Abstract: Phenol-, cyclohexanone-, and cyclohexylbenzene-containing mixtures are extractively distilled employing an N-substituted lactam to provide overhead a high purity cyclohexanone and a kettle product containing phenol, cyclohexylbenzene when it is present in the mixture treated, and the N-substituted lactam.

Abstract: Phenol-, cyclohexanone-, and cyclohexylbenzene-containing mixtures are extractively distilled to provide overhead of cyclohexanone and a kettle product containing phenol and, when present, cyclohexylbenzene by employing a trisubstituted phosphate agent or solvent.