Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting at least one low molecular weight alkane, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine, under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2+ alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, and (d) cracking at least part of the C2+ alkanes in an alkane cracking system to produce ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting one or more low molecular weight alkanes, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine, under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting a first portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2-5 alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, (d) reacting a second portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce ethylene and/or propylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a 2-fluoro-6-halophenol as an intermediate; a process for producing a 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol and further a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene from the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol; a second process for producing a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene from the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol; and a 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol. The 2-fluoro-6-halophenol can be obtained using a 2-fluorophenol as a starting material and through a sulfonation reaction, a halogenation reaction, and a deprotection reaction. The 2-fluoro-6-halophenol is alkyl-etherified, and subsequently the halogen atom is converted into a hydroxyl group to obtain the 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol, which is further alkyl-etherified to thereby obtain the 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene. Alternatively, a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene is also obtained by converting the halogen atom of the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol into a hydroxyl group to thereby form 3-fluorocatechol and subsequently alkyl-etherifying two hydroxyl groups thereof.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting at least one low molecular weight alkane, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine. under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2+ alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, and (d) cracking at least part of the C2+ alkanes in an alkane cracking system to produce ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the synthesis of aniline derivatives, specifically certain aniline derivatives which have activity as thyroid receptor ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic acetylenes of the formula (I): Ar--C.tbd.C--R.sup.8a, where Ar is: ##STR1## by reacting haloaromatics or aryl sulfonates of the formula (II): Ar--X, with monosubstituted acetylenes of the formula (III): Ar--C.tbd.C--R.sup.8a, where Ar is defined above and X is bromine, chlorine or OSO.sub.2 R, in the presence of a palladium compound catalyst of the formula (IV): ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, hydrogen (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, fluorine, NH.sub.2, NH-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), N(alkyl).sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), CO.sub.2 -alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), OCO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), or phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, and R.sup.7, R.sup.8 are (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of m-alkylphenols, particularly of 3-ethylphenol, from the mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid isomers by selective desulfonation, removal of formed alkylbenzene and caustic fusion. In the present invention the inventive desulfonation is accomplished by addition of steam to the mixture of sulfonic acid in an excess in relation to the amount of evaporable water, simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the mixture above 160.degree. C. until the desired purity of isomers is obtained, and until the content of the sulfuric acid in the mixture is decreased below 40%.

Abstract: An industrially useful process for the production of an aromatic hydroxy compound which comprises reacting an aromatic sulfonic acid alkali metal salt and/or an aromatic sulfonic acid with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a surface active agent, wherein the reaction is effected by uniformly dispersing these-materials in a reaction medium selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. By employing this process, the product can be obtained with high purity, high yield and high selectivity using a minimum amount of the alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is prepared by treating biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonic acid or one of its alkali metal salts in an alkali metal hydroxide melt by a process in which the treatment is carried out in a melt which contains from 7 to 14 moles of potassium hydroxide and from 0 to 8 moles of sodium hydroxide, based in each case on 1 mole of biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonic acid, in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate at from 280.degree. to 360.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates comprising a cation having a hydrocarbyl-containing substituent are disclosed. The vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates can be reacted with water to yield alkylene glycols.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing m-alkylhydroxybenzene which comprises heating alkylbenzene or an isomeric mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid and an inorganic salt at a temperature of from 150.degree. to 210.degree. C. to form an isomeric mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid which is rich in the m-isomer, selectively hydrolyzing the isomers of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid other than the m-isomer, and caustically fusing the unhydrolyzed alkylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl which comprises subjecting to alkali fusion 1 mol of 4,4'-diphenyldisulfonic acid and/or potassium 4,4'-diphenyldisulfonate together with 4 to 10 mol of potassium hydroxide and 0.1 to 2 mol of potassium sulfate. Alternatively, the process may comprise subjecting to alkali fusion 4,4'-diphenyldisulfonic acid in the presence of potassium hydroxide, controlling to 20 to 25% the potassium hydroxide concentration in the reaction mixture, and separating dipotassium salt of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl.