Abstract: A method for producing hemp oil, comprising decarboxylation of CBDA in hemp oil; short-path evaporation of CBD from the decarboxylated hemp oil to produce CBD oil; selective THC to CBN conversion performed on the decarboxylated hemp oil.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing small molecular weight organic compounds from carbonaceous material comprising a step of contacting the carbonaceous material with carbon monoxide (CO) and steam in presence of a shift catalyst at a predetermined temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Alkoxy aromatic compounds are conveniently dealkylated to the corresponding phenolic compounds by treatment with aluminum chloride/N,N-dimethyl aniline complex. Aromatic poly O-demethylation is a unique feature of this invention. This process is applicable to the manufacture of polyphenols such as Resveratrol, Oxyresveratrol, Gnetol.

Abstract: A method for producing 4,4′-biphenol, comprising the steps of: preparing serially arranged reaction bathes for two or more steps; and carrying out a debutylation reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol sequentially in the presence of an acid catalyst in a reaction solvent by supplying at least one kind of phenols selected from the group consisting of phenol, monoalkylphenols, dialkylphenols, and trialkylphenols, in a proportion of at least 0.5 mole part relative to one mole part of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol, to each reaction bath as a solvent for addition, wherein the number of carbon atoms of alkyl groups in alkylphenols consisting of the monoalkylphenols, dialkylphenols, and trialkylphenols, is each independently in the range of 1 to 4, and wherein a solvent for addition to a reaction bath for the latter step has a smaller average number of alkyl groups than a solvent for addition to a reaction bath for the former step.

Abstract: A new process for preparing a compound of the general formula ArOH (I) in which Ar represents an aryl or heteroaryl group substituted by at least one electron-donating group.

Abstract: A process for producing &agr;-amino-dihalogenated methyl ketone derivatives by reacting an N-protected &agr;-amino acid ester with a dihalomethyl lithium is provided. This process is suitable for the production on an industrial scale and by this process, &agr;-amino-dihalogenated methyl ketone derivatives and &bgr;-amino-&agr;-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives can be obtained efficiently and economically advantageously.

Abstract: By bringing a p-butylphenol compound or m-butylphenol compound in the gas phase into contact with a solid acid catalyst, i.e., a silica-alumina catalyst or alumina catalyst while heating, butyl groups are removed from the butylphenol compound and at the same time, highly purified isobutylene is recovered.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2,6-dimethylphenol from 2,4,6-trimethylphenol is provided. The process includes two steps: (1) selective oxidation of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol to 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and (2) deformylation of the resulting benzaldehyde to 2,6-dimethylphenol. In step (1), the 2,4,6-trimethylphenol is reacted with oxygen-containing gases at temperatures of 20 to 200° C. in the presence of an iron-containing catalyst, which has higher 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde selectivity than the known copper-based catalysts. In step (2), a copper-containing catalyst is used to replace the customarily used precious metal catalysts for the effective deformylation of the 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to 2,6-dimethylphenol.

Abstract: For the preparation of 3,5-dimethylphenol by catalytic demethylation of isophorone in the gas phase in the presence of a metal or a metal alloy as catalyst, an isophorone-containing process stream is guided through reaction zones that contain said catalyst, whereby the reactivity of the catalyst varies in the reaction zones and the process stream between these reaction zones is thermostated in zones that do nor contain any catalyst, whereby the residual isophorone is greatly reduced, and the yield of 3,5-dimethylphenol is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cleaving arylethers such as arylethers represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; each A is independently NO.sub.2, hydroxy, halo, or methoxy; n is an integer from 0 to 5; and x is 1 or 2, comprising contacting the arylether with an amide hydrohalide salt under conditions sufficient to cleave the ether group(s) of the arylether and form a phenol or substituted phenol. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, which is a monomer used for making polybenzoxazoles (PBO).

Abstract: 4,4'-Biphenol is prepared through debutylation of 3,3', 5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-biphenol in an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst wherein the debutylation is carried out continuously using at least two reactors aligned in series, with a high yield and high purity on an industrial level.

Abstract: Purification of cresylic acid by guaiacol removal from lignite-based feed as well as other naturally occurring sources of cresylic acid is accomplished by catalytic demethylation in the presence of an alumina catalyst. In the process of this invention, de-pitched, dephenolated creyslic acid is vaporized and passed over a high surface area, alumina catalyst at temperature ranges of between 350.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. and at vapor flow rates measured as liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), of about 1 hr..sup.-1 to demethylate the guaiacol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the preparation of p,p'-biphenol by simplified processes achieved by batch or continuous operations which comprises using phenol and isobutylene as starting materials, allowing phenol to react with isobutylene in the presence of aluminum phenoxide, oxidizing the resulting reaction liquid in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, and debutylating the reaction liquid in the presence of a debutylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is disclosed, which comprises debutylation of 3,3', 5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl in an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein said debutylation is carried out in the presence of water and/or a lower alcohol. The desired product can be obtained at a high purity in a high yield.

Abstract: The substituent X in the phenols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, and X is secondary or tertiary alkyl of 3 to 9 carbon atoms, can be removed by heating said phenols in the presence of an alkali metal hydrogensulfate.

Abstract: Reducing 3,3', 5,5'-tetra-t-butyldiphenoquinone with 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, in the melt, in the presence of a 4-dialkylaminopyridine, and then dealkylating the intermediate formed, in the melt, by adding a phosphorus-containing acid or its derivative provides 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl of high purity in high yield.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which is capable of producing p,p'-biphenol of high purity by the dealkylation reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and which yet allows isobutene to be recovered in high yield. The process performs the dealkylation reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl in the presence of an acid catalyst using as a solvent a saturated hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 190.degree. C. or above, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 190.degree. C. or above, a hydrocarbon with an iodine value of no more than 1, sulfolane, or a mixture of these solvents. Also disclosed is a process for producing p,p'-biphenol from a mixture of 2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol and 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone or from a mixture of 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone and 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl.

Abstract: A meritorious, commercially successful process for the recovery of a high-purity m-ethylphenol from ethylphenol mixtures containing m- and p-ethylphenols as the major components is disclosed. As it is well known in the art, the ethylphenol mixtures containing m- and p-ethylphenols as the major components can easily be prepared by ethylation of phenol with ethylene or ethanol by a simple operation. Accordingly, a process for the recovery of high-purity m-ethylphenol from ethylphenol mixtures containing m- and p-ethylphenols as the major components can give great influences in the commercial production of high-purity m-ethylphenol. m-Ethylphenol is a useful intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. The process comprises simply contacting an ethylphenol mixture containing m- and p-ethylphenols as the major components with a specific crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst under heating.

Abstract: Alkylenebisphenols and alkyltrisphenols are dearylated under mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the absence of HF to obtain alkyl and/or alkenyl substitute or phenols and other related polymer products.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the dealkylation of alkylaryl ethers by reaction with aluminum triodide under reflux. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary ammonium iodide in a substantially non-aqueous organic solvent. The reaction product is then hydrolyzed with water. The quaternary ammonium iodide can be of the formula R.sub.4 N.sup.+ I.sup.-, wherein R is alkyl, and the solvent is preferably benzene or cyclohexane.

Abstract: An improved process for the dealkylation of alkyl aryl ethers to aryl phenols is provided. In this process, an alkyl aryl ether, such as a methyl ether of an opioid, is contacted with an aqueous acid selected from HBr, HCl, or HI which contains at least one equivalent weight, based on the ether, of boric acid or an inorganic salt of a metal selected from Li, Na, K, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn and Ni. MgBr.sub.2 in aqueous HBr is preferred in dealkylating an N-substituted 14-hydroxydihydronorcodeine.

Abstract: Phenol is prepared from mixed phenols derived from coal or biomass by separation of the mixed phenols, isomerization of m- and/or p-cresols to o-cresol, demethylation of o-cresol, dealkylation of xylenols and other alkyl phenols, recycling of products other than phenol, and, optionally, reducing phenol to cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol, followed by oxidation thereof to adipic acid.

Abstract: Alkylated hydroxyaromatic compounds, particularly alkylated phenols such as mesitol and 2,4-xylenol, are selectively ortho-dealkylated by contact at a temperature within the range of about 350.degree.-500.degree. C. with a catalyst comprising a combination of at least one chromium oxide and at least one of the oxides of zinc, iron, magnesium and manganese, with zinc and iron being preferred.

Abstract: Selective catalytic steam dealkylation of ortho- and para-positions of alkylated phenols is accomplished by reacting ortho- and/or para-alkylated phenols with steam in the presence of a catalyst comprised of magnesium oxide, optionally manganese oxide and optionally an organic binder; said reaction may preferably takes place in the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere to extend catalyst life. High degrees of conversion are obtained without loss of the hydroxyl radical of the alkylated phenols.

Abstract: Selective catalytic steam dealkylation of ortho- and para-positions of alkylated phenols is accomplished by reacting ortho- and/or para-alkylated phenols with steam in the presence of a catalyst comprised of zinc oxide, optionally manganese oxide and optionally an organic binder and preferably an oxidizing atmosphere. High degrees of conversion are obtained without loss of the hydroxyl group of the alkylated phenols.

Abstract: At least one of the other functions comprising an aryl-aliphatic ether, e.g., veratrol, is catalytically hydrolyzed with water, e.g., to guaiacol, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for thermal dealkylation of alkylated phenols feedstocks, which comprises reacting a feed mixture containing mono and poly-alkylated phenols and gaseous hydrogen at temperature ranging from about 900.degree. to about 1100.degree. F. at hydrogen partial pressure of 300 to 1600 psig, and space velocity of 0.2 to 3.0 volume feed/hr/volume of reactor to produce a phenol-containing product at increased selectivity and yield of phenol. For feedstream mixtures containing more than about 10 W % phenols, a prior distillation step is preferably used to remove the excessive phenol as product and thus avoid undesired dehydroxylation reactions in the hydrodealkylation step to which the feed phenol concentration is usually about 2-8 W %.

Abstract: Pyrogallol, and analogues thereof having an alkyl, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent in the benzene ring, and their salts, are prepared by oxidizing, preferably by hydrogen peroxide, the corresponding compounds in which 1 or 2 of the OH groups are replaced by --COR.sup.5 groups where R.sup.5 represents hydrogen, alkyl or phenylalkyl. The production of intermediates is also described and some of these are novel.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the selective dealkylation of alkylated phenols, which method comprises reacting a feed solution comprising a mixture of alkylated phenols with steam in the presence of a catalyst comprising a hydrous carrier, at least one catalyst deactivation suppressor, and at least one promoter. A salt of an alkali metal may be added to the feed to enhance the selectivity of phenol in the product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process, for the thermal dealkylation of alkylated phenols, which process comprises reacting a feed solution containing alkylated phenols and gaseous hydrogen in the presence of water vapor, the reaction being carried out at total pressure of 400 to 800 psig, temperature ranging from about 1000 .degree. to about 1500.degree. F., and the weight percent water vapor in the reaction being from about 10 to about 40 Wt % of the alkylated phenol feedstock.

Abstract: A method is described for the selective dealkylation of 4-tertiary-alkyl-2,5-xylenol while it is admixed with 6-tertiary-alkyl-2,4-xylenol by contacting the mixture of alkylated xylenols with a polymer-bound sulfonic acid catalyst at temperatures of 60.degree. C. or less and pressures of from about 0.5 to 5 atmospheres. The method is useful in separating 2,4-/2,5-xylenol mixtures.

Abstract: A process for preparing p,p'-biphenol is provided which comprises heating a 4,4'-bis(substituted phenol) at elevated temperatures below the decomposition temperature of p,p'-biphenol in the absence of a catalyst under an inert, non-reactive atmosphere for the length of time sufficient to obtain a reaction product containing a substantial amount of p,p'-biphenol while, preferably, removing the olefin by-product formed and then recovering the p,p'-biphenol product.

Abstract: Hydrodealkylation of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds by contacting with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst of manganese oxide and a Group IIA metal oxide such as magnesium oxide, optionally promoted with a Group VIII hydrogenation metal such a nickel oxide and an alumina-containing isomerization component.

Abstract: Substituted aromatic compounds are hydrodealkylated in the presence of hydrogen and a low sodium content chromia-alumina catalyst under conditions of temperature and pressure such that a small amount of nonrecyclable dehydroxylated products such as benzene, toluene and xylenes are obtained.

Abstract: Halogenated alkyl substituted phenols may be dealkylated by treating a compound such as 5-t-butyl-2-fluorophenol with a diealkylation catalyst such as an acid acting compound at dealkylation conditions whereby the t-butyl substituent is removed and the resulting compound comprising 2-fluorophenol is recovered.

Abstract: A process for the tertiary dealkylation of a tertiary alkyl containing m- and/or p-cresol wherein a tertiary alkyl containing m- and/or p-cresol is continously introduced into a reaction vessel with a small amount of sulfuric acid or an quivalent amount of a sulfonic acid and the reaction vessel contains a high concentration of m- and/or p-cresol or a high boiling phenol which under the prevailing reaction conditions is not substantially vaporized from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature of no greater than 230.degree. C. The reaction products are withdrawn continuously from the reactor (and separated into its components) and at the same time a small amount of the reaction mixture being withdrawn intermittently or continously from the reactor.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an aromatic amines synthesis process, fundamentally characterized by the fact that it consists of carrying out the ammonolysis of phenols under pressure in liquid phase by ammonia in aqueous solution.

Abstract: Polyphenols of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a readily cleavable ether group and R' represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxycarbonyl, such as the methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl group, and of phloroglucinol, are made by heating a compound of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R and R' have the same significance given above, with an alkali metal alcoholate and, if desired, converting the resulting compound of formula I into pholoroglucinol by ether-cleavage and removal of any ester group denoted by R' which may be present in accordance with methods known per se.

Abstract: A method of preparing hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols is disclosed. The method comprises heating a mixture of mono- or di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols and an alcohol, which is benzyl alcohol or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 aliphatic alcohol, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of alumina. The product contains at least one hydrocarbyl substituent corresponding to the hydrocarbon moiety of the alcohol used in the process. A typical process employs 4,6-di-t-butyl-m-cresol and isopropanol to prepare a product mixture containing a substantial amount of thymol.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the disproportionation of highly alkylated phenols with phenol using an improved magnesium oxide catalyst promoted with tungsten oxide, silica sol, and sodium silicate. The method provides a catalyst having a high reactivity, high surface area, and high crush strength compared to known magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide catalysts. The catalyst is useful in phenol methylation and disproportionation. The effect of silica sol and sodium silicate is synergistic since these materials alone will not catalyze these reactions. Surprisingly, the catalyst will not disproportionate olefins.

Abstract: A process for preparing cresols from di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols, wherein the hydrocarbyl groups contain from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, is disclosed. In the process the di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresol is contacted with a catalyst (e.g. alumina) in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures and pressure. 4,6-di-t-butyl-m-cresol is a typical feedstock.

Abstract: A method of preparing methyl-substituted phenols is disclosed. The method comprises heating a mixture of mono- or di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols and methanol at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of magnesium oxide.