Abstract: Methods for preparing 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorodimethylolbenzene, an intermediate for the preparation of pyrethroids, are disclosed. A method for preparing 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorodimethylolbenzene includes the reduction of tetrafluoroterephthalate. Various reduction processes are disclosed, which are simple and safe and can afford the product in high yield and purity. Processes for preparing tefluthrin from 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorodimethylolbenzene, by halogenation, hydrogenation, and esterification, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple and efficient method for producing high-purity 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene on an industrial scale. The method for producing 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene comprises reacting catechol with peroxide.

Abstract: We describe a process for the preparation of polyurethane polyol from CARDANOL 3-(8pentadecenyl)phenol, derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a renewable resource material. The polyol is made by oxidation with peroxy acid generated in situ to give epoxidised CARDANOL 3-(8-pentadecenyl)phenol and the epoxy derivative is converted to the polyol in the presence of the organic acid. The cardanol-based polyol may be reacted with isocyanate to form polyurethane. Alternatively blowing agents are included with the cardanol-based polyol before it is reacted with the isocyanate. These polyols are especially suitable for making rigid foams of very low density and high compressive strength.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for selective molecular recognition, the device comprising a sensing portion, wherein said sensing portion includes a substrate having coated thereon a layer comprising a non-volatile, small molecule compound having at least two pendant and terminal unsaturated groups, each being functionalized with at least one halogen substituted alcohol or phenol functional group. The compound of the invention preferably has one of the following general formulae: wherein A is a core moiety; B is a pendant and terminal unsaturated group; q is at least 1; r is at least 2; X is a linking group; and n is an integer designating the number of repeating units from 1 to 3, with the proviso that, if n is greater than 1, then the B groups differ from each other in at least two of the repeating units. The device is used to detect the molecules of a hydrogen bond accepting vapor such as an organophosphonate or nitroaromatic vapor.

Abstract: In a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of a polymethylolalkanal or a monomethylolalkanal of the formula (I) where R may be identical or different and are each a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an aryl or arylalkyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a methylol group, in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, the hydrogenation feed comprising the polymethylolalkanal or monomethylolalkanal has a total content of metal ions of groups 3 to 14 of the Periodic Table of the Element of up to 5 ppm.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing regioselectively an optically active 1-halogeno-2-hydroxypropyl compound of the following formula; wherein X is halogen atom and Nu is a heteroatom having a substituent, and an optically active glycidyl compound of the formula; which comprises reacting an optically active epihalohydrin of the formula; with a neucleophilic agent, in the presence of a metal complex of the formula; wherein n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2, Y1, Y2 and Y3 are hydrogen atom, etc., and Y2 and Y3 may form a ring such as benzene, A is a counterion and M is a metal ion, and further subjecting the compound (4) to reaction with a base to prepare the optically active glycidyl compound (5).

Abstract: A fluorine-containing styrene monomer of the formula (2) is produced by a first, second or third process. The first process includes (a) reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (3), in the presence of a metal catalyst; (b) reacting the product of the step (a) with a base; and (c) reacting the product of the step (b) with hydrogen, in the presence of a metal catalyst and a phosphine or amine, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The second process includes reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (12), in the presence of a metal catalyst, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The third process includes reacting a compound of the formula (13) with a compound of the formula (14) or (15), in the presence of a base, thereby producing the target styrene monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates, as novel and useful industrial products, to triaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogues, of general formula (I): and also to a method for preparing them and to their use in pharmaceutical compositions intended for use in human or veterinary medicine, or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Water tolerant Lewis acids are used in a process for the preparation of alkylene glycols by catalytic hydration of the corresponding alkylene oxide. The water tolerant Lewis acids can be a metal salt of a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion and a Group IIIB, rare earth or lanthanide, actinide or Group IVB cation. Optionally, carbon oxide may also be present. Examples of such water tolerant Lewis acids are scandium triflate, europium triflate, hafnium triflate, yttrium triflate, lanthanum triflate and ytterbium triflate. The catalyst may contain a coordinating anion instead, examples of which are scandium sulfate [Sc2(SO4)3], scandium chloride [ScCl3], scandium acetate [Sc(OAc)3] and scandium nitrate [Sc(NO3)3].

Abstract: A process for catalyzing asymmetric dihydroxylations of olefins employs an Os(VI) complex as a catalytic intermediate in the formation of chiral vicinal diol products. The process requires a chiral bidentate ligand that favors diol formation in the “second cycle” of asymmetric dihydroxylation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supported osmate useful as a reusable catalyst in the preparation of vicinal diols. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of supported osmates of the formula (S—NR3)2OsO4.nH2O wherein S is a support, R is an alkyl group, n is the number of water molecules and use thereof in the preparation of vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing water-insoluble epoxides, and more particularly to a process for preparing diols. Specifically disclosed is a method for preparing 4-vinylcyclohexane-1,2-diol, 1,2-cyclohexane diol and 1,2-cyclododecane diol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional reusable catalyst and to a process for the preparation thereof on a single matrix of the support to perform multicomponent reaction in a single pot. The multifunctional catalysts of the invention are useful for the synthesis of chiral vicinal diols by tandem and/or simultaneous reactions involving Heck coupling, N-oxidation and AD reaction of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds both as an native one and immobilized one in the said matrix support. This invention also relates to a process for preparing vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds employing reusable multifunctional catalysts as heterogeneous catalysts in place of soluble osmium catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of diols by a Lewis acid-catalysed aldehyde addition reaction on hydroxyalkynes followed by hydrogenation is described. The process provides a wide range of diols from simple, readily available starting materials. In particular the process is suitable for preparing chiral 1,4-diols suitable for the preparation of chiral phospholane ligands for use in asymmetric catalysis.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, the catalyst used is 0.01 to 50% by weight of rhenium and 0 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, of at least one further metal chosen from Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Fe, Cr, V on oxidatively pretreated activated carbon as support.

Abstract: A novel process allows a simple preparation of highly pure halogen-substituted dibenzyl alcohols by reduction of the corresponding halogen-substituted terephthalic acids and reaction with an alkylating agent, sulfuric acid, alkyl- or arylsulfonic acids. The highly pure halogen-substituted dibenzyl alcohols obtained are suitable in particular for preparing pharmaceutically or agrochemically active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidene compounds of formula (I) where each Hal is independently fluorine or chlorine, and X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, —O—R, or —O—C(═O)R, where R is hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C1-C12-alkyl- or a C6-C14-aryl radical, by reacting 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidenediamines of formula (II) with an alkyl nitrite and/or nitrous acid in HX as a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a novel heterogeneous osmate catalyst of the general formula (S—NR3)2OsO4.nH2O wherein S is a support, R is an alkyl group, n is the number of water molecules by reacting potassium osmate with supported quaternary ammonium species in an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a 5-phthalancarbonitrile compound, which comprises the use of a novel compound of the formula [I] 1

Abstract: The invention concerns novel bi-aromatic compounds having the formula: which are analogs of vitamin D, the process of preparing them, as well as their use in pharmaceutical compositions in human or veterinary medicine, particularly in dermatology, cancer treatment, treatment of auto-immune diseases, and in organ or tissue transplants. Cosmetic compositions and methods of use are also included.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supported osmate useful as a reusable catalyst in the preparation of vicinal diols. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of supported osmates of the formula (S—NR3)2OsO4.nH2O wherein S is a support, R is an alkyl group, n is the number of water molecules and use thereof in the preparation of vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process by a series of reactions using tetrafluorocyanobenzens as material for producing tetrafluorobenzenemethanols, tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehyde dialkylacetals and tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehydes in a high purity and a high yield which are useful as intermediates in the production of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters having insecticidal action, and also relates to a novel tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehyde dimethylacetal.

Abstract: To provide a novel method for producing a fluorinated benzenedimethanol compound useful as a starting material or an intermediate in the production of agricultural or medicinal chemicals in an industrially advantageous manner.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes with donor molecules selected from ketones and nitroalkyl compounds. The reactions employ as catalyst a Group 2A or Group 2B metal complex of a ligand of formula I, as defined further herein.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group V elements, Group VI elements, Group VII elements, Group VIII elements, Group IX elements, Group X elements, and Group XI elements in the periodic table, and is to be used for subjecting an epoxy alcohol represented by a general formula (1) to a hydrogenolysis reaction in the presence of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. By use of such a catalyst, a both end-hydroxyl group-terminated diol having a high purity can be produced efficiently.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a novel heterogeneous osmate catalyst of the general formula (S—NR3)2OsO4.nH2O wherein S is a support, R is an alkyl group, n is the number of water molecules by reacting potassium osmate with supported quaternary ammonium species in an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active secondary alcohols of the general formula (3), [wherein R1 is linear lower alkyl, an aromatic ring group, or the like; A is CH2NR2R3 or the like; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom] by asymmetrically hydrogenating a ketone compound of the general formula (1) having nitrogenous or oxygen functional group at any of the a-, &bgr;- and &ggr;-positions, with selectivity among functional groups by the use of a ruthenium/optically active bidentate phosphine/diamine complex as the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen alone or together with a base. The optically active secondary alcohols obtained by the process are useful as drugs and intermediates for the preparation of drugs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclic compounds which are of the class of compounds of formula I wherein X and Y represent an oxygen atom and to processes for preparing such compounds. The compounds are useful in the treatment of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins using osmium catalysts to obtain monofunctional, bifunctional, and/or polyfunctional chiral 1,2-diols of the formula (I) R1R2C(OH)—C(OH)R3R4  (I) where R1 to R4 are defined herein, by reacting an olefin of the formula (II) R1R2C═CR3R4  (II) where R1 to R4 are defined as for formula (I), with molecular oxygen in the presence of an osmium compound and a chiral amine ligand in water or a water-containing solvent mixture at a pH of from 8.5 to 13.

Abstract: A novel process allows a simple preparation of highly pure halogen-substituted dibenzyl alcohols by reduction of the corresponding halogen-substituted terephthalic acids and reaction with an alkylating agent, sulfuric acid, alkyl- or arylsulfonic acids. The highly pure halogen-substituted dibenzyl alcohols obtained are suitable in particular for preparing pharmaceutically or agrochemically active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyols having 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups, from an aldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of water, followed by hydrogenation of the aldolisation product in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at an elevated temperature. The aledhyde is obtained by an aldolisation reaction of an aldehyde having at least two &agr;-hydrogen atoms and a formula according to R1CH2CHO, wherein R1 is selected from a group comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups having 1-7 carbon atoms which can have cycloalkyl substituents, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups and aralkyl groups with 1-7 carbon atoms is the alkyl chain, with formaldehyde in the presence of water in an amount of 20-70 wt %, preferably 40-60 wt % and in the presence of an anion exchange resin. The hydrogenation is preferably carried out in the presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a 5-phthalancarbonitrile compound, which comprises the use of a novel compound of the formula [I] 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a 5-phthalancarbonitrile compound, which comprises the use of a novel compound of the formula [I] 1

Abstract: (1) Methods for producing isochromanone compounds from o-xylene compounds as starting compounds through &agr;-halogeno-o-xylene derivatives, &agr;-cyano-o-xylene derivatives, and &agr;-halogeno-&agr;′-cyano-o-xylene derivatives, and (2) methods for producing isochromanone compounds from o-xylene compounds as starting compounds through &agr;,&agr;′-dihalogeno-o-xylene derivatives, &agr;,&agr;′-dihydroxy-o-xylene derivatives, &agr;-halogeno-&agr;′-hydroxy-o-xylene derivatives and &agr;-cyano-&agr;′-hydroxy-o-xylene derivatives, and methods for producing these intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing a compound of the formula and the enantiomer of said compound, wherein the benzoic acid moiety is attached at position 6 or 7 of the chroman ring, and R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. The invention further relates to intermediates that are useful in the preparation of the compound of formula X above.

Abstract: A novel process for producing alcohols, characterized by reacting an organic halide represented by the formula R—X (wherein R means an organic residue and X means a halogen atom) with oxygen molecules in the presence of an organotin compound and a reducing agent and optionally in the presence of a free-radical inhibitor in an amount up to 0.3 equivalent based on the organic halide to obtain an alcohol represented by the general formula R—OH (wherein R has the same meaning as the above).

Abstract: This invention discloses an improved method for the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization reaction in aqueous solutions using a water soluble transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A method for operating an epoxide containing system which contains a catalyst is disclosed. The method comprises feeding carbon dioxide to the epoxide containing system at an amount of from 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent; and maintaining the epoxide containing system at a temperature of from 100° C. to 150° C. The catalyst has a half life of at least 40 days at 120° C. The present invention allows anion exchange resins in the bicarbonate form to be used for the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide at temperatures exceeding 100° C. The rate of catalyst swelling is minimized and lifetime of the catalyst enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid compounds of the formula: wherein Q is dihydroquininyl or dihydroquinindinyl; X is a compound having 4 carbon atoms; and R is methoxy, ethoxy or methyl; and methods of preparation and use thereof. The silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid derivatives of this invention are useful re-useable catalysts for preparing vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins.

Abstract: This invention includes an alkyl 3-oxoalkanoate, and processes for its preparation and use for the synthesis of fatty hydroxylated amino acids, fatty amino alcohols and ceramides.

Abstract: In a process for preparing polyether polyols containing aromatics by molecular addition of alkylene oxides to H-functional initiators at from 70.degree. C. to 135.degree. C. and pressures of from 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa, the alkoxylation is carried out using at least one initiator comprising at least 95% by weight of 2,3 and 3,4 isomers of tolylenediamine, from 0.5 to 4% by weight of 2,4 and 2,6 isomers of tolylenediamine and from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of more volatile fractions from tolylenediamine production. The polyether polyols prepared by this process can be used as component of a polyol mixture for producing rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: There are described novel coupling reactions useful for the preparation of cyclitol and/or carbohydrate conjugates and carbocyclic analogs thereof. Such coupling reactions employ epoxides and/or aziridines described herein as electrophilic recipients of other cyclitol or carbohydrate units. Also provided are certain novel compounds.

Abstract: A process is described for producing acetals comprising reacting an aldehyde or a ketone with an alcohol in the presence of a titanium compound having an acetylacetone as a ligand, or in the presence of a compound selected from the group consisting of stannous chloride dihydrate, cerium chloride hexahydrate and bismuth chloride. The process can be used in the synthesis of unstable acetals or when water exists in the reaction mixture, and therefore the process can be used for a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: Optically active alcohols are prepared by reducing optically active carboxylic acids with hydrogen in the presence of ruthenium catalysts.

Abstract: A process reaction between: (1) a compound that contains one or more epoxide moieties per molecule, and (2) a compound that contains one or more primary aliphatic hydroxyl groups per molecule; is catalyzed by: (3) a catalyst compound containing one or more trifluoromethanesulfonate moieties and one or more silyl moieties and run at a temperature of no more than 130.degree. C., such that the catalyst preferably catalyzes reaction at the primary aliphatic hydroxyl group, so that the resulting resin does not gel.

Abstract: Disclosed are 9-deoxyprostaglandins which are useful in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Some of these 9-deoxyprostaglandins are novel. Also disclosed are ophthalmic, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such prostaglandins.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which: n is 0, 1 or 2, and, if n is 2, the two radicals R.sub.3 are identical or different;R.sub.2 is methyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine;R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, halo-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, halo-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine:R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl andX is methylene, O, S or C(.dbd.O):can be used as intermediates for agrochemical active ingredients.