Abstract: Disclosed herein are solder mask formulations that include a liquid photo imageable solution and a solution of functionalized diamondoids. Also disclosed are semiconductor fabrication methods that include applying a described solder mask formulation to a semiconductor device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an adamantane polyol by reacting an adamantane with a ruthenium compound and a hypochlorite in a biphasic water/organic solvent system. The process includes the steps of adding an inorganic adsorbent to a reaction system; and adding an alkali to a reaction mixture to separate the ruthenium compound together with the inorganic adsorbent, and reusing the separated ruthenium compound and inorganic adsorbent in a subsequent reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an adamantane polyol by reacting an adamantane with a ruthenium compound and a hypochlorite in a biphasic water/organic solvent system. The process includes the steps of adding an inorganic adsorbent to a reaction system; and adding an alkali to a reaction mixture to separate the ruthenium compound together with the inorganic adsorbent, and reusing the separated ruthenium compound and inorganic adsorbent in a subsequent reaction.

Abstract: To provide a resist polymer comprising, as a structural unit, an acid-decomposable unit having a structure represented by formula (1) or (2) which exhibits a small line edge roughness and produces little defects in DUV excimer laser lithography or the like.

Abstract: Provided is a molecular rectifier comprised of a diamondoid molecule and an electron acceptor attached to the diamondoid molecule. The electron acceptor is generally an electron accepting aromatic species which is covalently attached to the diamondoid.

Abstract: A rust inhibitor usable for metal surface coating includes, as an effective component, a compound containing a chelate group, and a long chain alkyl group and/or a cyclic alkyl group, which are bonded by an ester bond or other bonds.

Abstract: This invention is related to heteroatom containing diamondoids (i.e., “heterodiamondoids”) which are compounds having a diamondoid nucleus in which one or more of the diamondoid nucleus carbons has been substitutionally replaced with a noncarbon atom. These heteroatom substituents impart desirable properties to the diamondoid. In addition, the heterodiamondoids are functionalized affording compounds carrying one or more functional groups covalently pendant therefrom. This invention is further related to polymerizable functionalized heterodiamondoids. In a preferred aspect of this invention the diamondoid nuclei are triamantane and higher diamondoid nuclei. In another preferred aspect, the heteroatoms are selected to give rise to diamondoid materials which can serve as n- and p-type materials in electronic devices can serve as optically active materials.

Abstract: The invention at hand provides at least dinitroxylated diamantanes. In addition, it provides methods for producing substituted diamantanes with high yields and selectivity. According to the invention, dinitroxylated diamantanes are suitable for being reacted with nucleophiles to form the corresponding disubstituted diamantanes. Surprisingly, it was discovered that at least dinitroxylated or hydroxylated diamantanes are rearranged in the presence of a strong acid, creating at least 4,9-nitroxylated or hydroxylated diamantanes. On the basis of this, 4,9-substituted diamantanes are able to be produced in a targeted manner by reaction with further nucleophiles.

Abstract: To provide a novel fluoroadamantane derivative, a novel polymerizable fluoroadamantane derivative and a novel fluoropolymer, and processes for production thereof. To provide the following compound (3), the following compound (4), a polymer obtained by polymerizing the compound (4) and processes for production thereof: provided that Q represents —CHF— or —CF2— (provided that six Qs may be the same or different), Z represents —H, —F or —CH2OH (provided that three Zs may be the same or different), W represents —H or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, R represents —H, —F, —CH3 or —CF3, and J represents —H, —F, —CHWOH or —CHWOCOCR?CH2 (provided that three Js may be the same or different).

Abstract: To provide a novel fluoroadamantane derivative, a novel polymerizable fluoroadamantane derivativeand a novel fluoropolymer, and processes for production thereof. To provide the following compound (3), the following compound (4), a polymer obtained by polymerizing the compound (4) and processes for production thereof: provided that Q represents —CHF— or —CF2— (provided that six Qs may be the same or different), Z represents —H, —F or —CH2OH (provided that three Zs may be the same or different), W represents —H or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, R represents —H, —F, —CH3 or —CF3, and J represents —H, —F, —CHWOH or —CHWOCOCR?CH2 (provided that three Js may be the same or different).

Abstract: To provide a polymerizable group-containing and fluorine-containing adamantane derivative capable of affording a cured product having good heat resistance, good mechanical properties such as mar resistance and a low refractive index, a resin composition containing such a polymerizable group-containing adamantane derivative, and a fluorine-containing adamantane derivative which is useful as a reaction intermediate used for the production of the polymerizable group-containing and fluorine-containing adamantane derivative. Specifically provided are a fluorine-containing adamantane derivative represented by the general formula (I) below, a polymerizable group-containing and fluorine-containing adamantane derivative represented by the general formula (II) below, and a resin composition containing such a polymerizable group-containing and fluorine-containing adamantane derivative.

Abstract: Adamantane derivates which can be material compounds of a polymer excellent in etching resistance and having improved transmittance to light having a short wavelength, are produced by an economically advantageous process from readily available materials. A compound (10) is subjected to esterification reaction with a compound (11) to obtain a compound (12), which is subjected to fluorination in a liquid phase to obtain a compound (13), which is then subjected to hydrolysis or alcoholysis to obtain a compound (2), which is then reacted with a compound (15) thereby to obtain a compound (1).

Abstract: A method of generating light through chemiluminescence involves providing a stable 1,2-dioxetane of the formula: Wherein (a) R1 and R2 are each, individually, a chemical reactive site or when fused together form a chemical reactive site, and R3 and R4 are each, individually, a chemical reactive site or when fused together form a chemical reactive or (b) R1 has at least two hetero atoms with chemical reactive site and R3 and R4 are inactive site and R2 is a chemical reactive site.

Abstract: Adamantane derivates which can be material compounds of a polymer excellent in etching resistance and having improved transmittance to light having a short wavelength, represented by the formula (2A?) wherein Y1F is a fluorine atom or a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Adamantane derivates which can be material compounds of a polymer excellent in etching resistance and having improved transmittance to light having a short wavelength, are produced by an economically advantageous process from readily available materials. A compound (10) is subjected to esterification reaction with a compound (11) to obtain a compound (12), which is subjected to fluorination in a liquid phase to obtain a compound (13), which is then subjected to hydrolysis or alcoholysis to obtain a compound (2), which is then reacted with a compound (15) thereby to obtain a compound (1).

Abstract: Novel positive-working photoresist compositions are disclosed. The monomers of the base resin of the resist contain diamondoid-containing pendant groups higher than adamantane in the polymantane series; for example, diamantane, triamantane, tetramantane, pentamantane, hexamantane, etc. The diamondoid-containing pendant group may have hydrophilic-enhancing substituents such as a hydroxyl group, and may contain a lactone group. Advantages of the present compositions include enhanced resolution, sensitivity, and adhesion to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3(4),8(9)-dihydroxymethyltricyclo[5.2.102.6]decane by hydrogenating the hyd roformylation products of d icyclopentad lene. The process comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in the presence of water, optionally after addition of water.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing adamantanol and adamantanone which comprises reacting adamantane and oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst constituted of a rare earth metal salt and a promoter containing an element selected from group 4 to group 10 of the new Periodic Table, and it is made possible through the production process according to the present invention to produce 2-adamantanol and 2-adamantanone in a high selectivity, high efficiency and safety by oxidizing adamantane under a mild reaction condition.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing adamantanol and adamantanone which comprises reacting adamantane and oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst constituted of a rare earth metal salt and a promoter containing an element selected from group 4 to group 10 of the new Periodic Table, and it is made possible through the production process according to the present invention to produce 2-adamantanol and 2-adamantanone in a high selectivity, high efficiency and safety by oxidizing adamantane under a mild reaction condition.

Abstract: This invention is related to heteroatom containing diamondoids (i.e., “heterodiamondoids”) which are compounds having a diamondoid nucleus in which one or more of the diamondoid nucleus carbons has been substitutionally replaced with a noncarbon atom. These heteroatom substituents impart desirable properties to the diamondoid. In addition, the heterodiamondoids are functionalized affording compounds carrying one or more functional groups covalently pendant therefrom. This invention is further related to polymerizable functionalized heterodiamondoids. In a preferred aspect of this invention the diamondoid nuclei are triamantane and higher diamondoid nuclei. In another preferred aspect, the heteroatoms are selected to give rise to diamondoid materials which can serve as n- and p-type materials in electronic devices can serve as optically active materials.

Abstract: Adamantanediols are produced by the hydroxylation of adamantane compounds in a water/organic solvent two-phase system in the presence of a ruthenium compound and a hypochlorite. Throughout the hydroxylation, the hypochlorite concentration in the water phase is regulated within a narrow limited range, for example, by monitoring the pH of the reaction system. With such a control of the hypochlorite concentration, the adamantanediols are produced in a high selectivity and a high yield.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer for optical compensatory films for display panels. The repeating unit of the polymer contains the derivitives of 2,2-Bis-(4-aminophenyl)adamantane). The structure of the monomer is not polar and it is able to straighten and harden the structure of the polymerized high molecular polymers and it exhibits excellent transmittance. The polymer is obtained by introducing 2,2-Bis-(4-aminophenyl)adamantane) in a high molecular chain.

Abstract: A method for separating an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation reaction product and a reaction solvent from a reaction mixture obtained by oxidizing a substrate in the presence of an oxidation catalyst containing an aromatic N-hydroxyimide compound and a transition metal, the method including (i) distilling the reaction solvent from the reaction mixture in the presence of an organic solvent which is immiscible with the reaction solvent to obtain the reaction mixture containing the reaction solvent in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less per one part by weight of the N-hydroxyimide compound, and the oxidation catalyst precipitated, and (ii) separating the reaction mixture obtained in the step (i) by a solid-liquid separation method into the oxidation product and the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders. Especially useful are CCKB antagonists such as CI-988.

Abstract: An acylating agent of the invention includes (A) a 1,2-dicarbonyl compound or its hydroxy reductant, (B) oxygen, and (C) at least one compound selected from (c1) a metallic compound and (C2) N-hydroxyphthalimide or another imide compound. As the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound or its hydroxy reductant (A), biacetyl, 2,3-butanediolor the like canbeused. As the metallic compound (c1), cobalt acetate, or another cobalt compound, for example, can be employed. By reacting an adamantane derivative or another compound having a methine carbon atom with the acylating agent, an acyl group can be introduced to the methine carbon atom with efficiency.

Abstract: In the presence of an imide compound (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) shown by the formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group; or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; Y is O or OH and n=1 to 3; or the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound), an adamantane derivative having a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is oxidized with oxygen. According to the above method, an adamantane derivative having a hydroxyl group together with a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is efficiently obtained.

Abstract: An adamantanemethanol derivative of the invention is represented by the following formula (1), wherein Ra is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Rb is a hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom, to which carbon atom at least one hydrogen atom is bonded, at a bonding site with the adjacent carbon atom; Rc, Rd and Re are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group which may be protected by a protective group or the like; provided that a hydroxyl group protected by a protective group or the like is bonded to at least one carbon atom constituting the adamantane skeleton when Ra is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and Rb is a methyl group; and at least one substituent, in addition to the HO—C(Ra) (Rb)— group indicated in the formula (1), is bonded to the adamantane ring when one of Ra and Rb is a methyl group and the other is an ethyl group.

Abstract: An adamantanemethanol derivative of the invention is represented by the following formula (1), wherein Ra is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Rb is a hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom, to which carbon atom at least one hydrogen atom is bonded, at a bonding site with the adjacent carbon atom; Rc, Rd and Re are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group which may be protected by a protective group or the like; provided that a hydroxyl group protected by a protective group or the like is bonded to at least one carbon atom constituting the adamantane skeleton when Ra is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and Rb is a methyl group; and at least one substituent, in addition to the HO—C(Ra)(Rb)— group indicated in the formula (1), is bonded to the adamantane ring when one of Ra and Rb is a methyl group and the other is an ethyl group.

Abstract: A process for efficiently separating and recovering a ruthenium compound used as the catalyst in the production of adamantanols. The adamantanols are produced by hydroxylating an adamantane compound in the presence of a ruthenium compound and a salt of hypochlorous acid in a water/organic solvent two-phase system. The hydroxylation product liquid is added with an oxidizing agent to allow the ruthenium compound to be extracted into the organic phase. The ruthenium compound is separated and recovered from the organic phase. Alternatively, the ruthenium compound is back-extracted into the aqueous phase by adding an aqueous alkali solution to the organic phase. Then, the ruthenium compound is separated and recovered from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A novel process for producing alcohols, characterized by reacting an organic halide represented by the formula R—X (wherein R means an organic residue and X means a halogen atom) with oxygen molecules in the presence of an organotin compound and a reducing agent and optionally in the presence of a free-radical inhibitor in an amount up to 0.3 equivalent based on the organic halide to obtain an alcohol represented by the general formula R—OH (wherein R has the same meaning as the above).

Abstract: A substrate is contacted with oxygen in the presence of the imide compound shown by the following formula (1) (N-hydroxyphthalimide) and a strong acid, or the imide compound, the strong acid and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound) to oxygenate the substrate with high conversion and selectivity: wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group, or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or nonaromatic ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: Adamantanols are produced in high selectivity and high yields by hydroxylation of adamantane compounds in a specific two-phase solvent system of water and an organic solvent in the presence of a ruthenium compound and hypochlorous acid or its salt. Adamantanediols transfer into the organic phase by adding a specific alcohol to a reaction liquid containing the adamantanols, thereby facilitating extraction of the adamantanediols. The ruthenium compound transfers into the water phase by treating the reaction liquid with alkali prior to the addition of the alcohol and precipitates therein, thereby facilitating the recovery of the ruthenium compound.

Abstract: With the use of an aqueous solvent containing at least water (e.g. water), and at least one organic solvent selected from esters or ketones and separable from the aqueous solvent, the processes of the invention separate (1) an adamantanediol and an adamantanepolyol having three or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, from a group of adamantanepolyols having plural hydroxyl groups per molecule, distributing the former into an organic solvent layer and the latter into an aqueous solvent layer. Further, (2) an adamantanemonool and the group of adamantanepolyols can be separated from a group of adamantanols having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule with using an aqueous solvent (e.g. aqueous solution of acetic acid) for crystallization of the adamantanemonool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxidative processes for substrates such as olefins, alkanes, aromatics and alcohols using metallic porphyrin or salen catalytic complexes which have been specifically designed to maximize catalytic activity, thereby enhancing efficiency, selectively and speed of oxidation of these substrates. The choice of the substituents in the metallic complexes may be varied, but must be chosen to prevent specific ligand set arrangements known to be stable and therefore less catalytically efficient. Coordination complexes, particularly porphyrins and salens having nitrosyl axial ligands and electron-withdrawing peripheral substituents are preferred. Ruthenium coordination metals are the preferred metal center, with the highly reactive catalytic species found to be Ru.sup.III.

Abstract: In an assay method in which a member of a specific binding pair is detected by means of an optically detectable reaction, the improvement wherein the optically detectable reaction includes the reaction, with an enzyme, of a dioxetane having the formula ##STR1## where T is a cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl group bonded to the 4-membered ring portion of the dioxetane by a spiro linkage; Y is a fluorescent chromophore; X is H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, or enzyme-cleavable group; and Z is H or an enzyme-cleavable group, provided that at least one of X or Z must be an enzyme-cleavable group, so that the enzyme cleaves the enzyme-cleavable group from the dioxetane to form a negatively charged substituent bonded to the dioxetane, the negatively charged substituent causing the dioxetane to decompose to form a luminescent substance that includes group Y of said dioxetane.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting viruses in which a virus is contacted with diamondoid alcohol, ketone, ketone derivative, adamantyl amino acid, quaternary salt or combinations thereof which have antiviral properties. These diamondoid derivatives are shown to have antiviral activity against HIV.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for selectively hydroxylating a diamondoid compound to an alcohol of the diamondoid compound comprising contacting the diamondoid compound with an oxygen-containing gas under hydroxylation conditions including temperature of at least about 70.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a propargylcarbinol compound of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein. The process comprises reacting a haloallycarbinol compound of formula (II) with a base. The present invention also relates to a process for producing the haloallylcarbinol compound. The above propargylcarbinol compound is useful as an intermediate for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, resin monomers, and the like.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ligand-metal complexes and their use for the activation of hydrogen peroxide and dioxgen are disclosed. Processes whereby activated hydrogen peroxide or dioxygen are used to transform various organic substrates are also disclosed. In particular, processes for the conversion of methylenic carbons to carbonyls, for the dioxygenation of aryl olefins, acetylenes and aryl-.alpha.-diols, for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes and for the removal of mercaptans from gaseous streams and for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from liquid streams are disclosed.

Abstract: Described are hydroxy adamantane compounds and derivatives thereof and a process for preparing same.

Abstract: Described are adamantane derivatives defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 ' is hydrogen or acetyl; R.sub.2 ' is hydrogen or lower alkyl and the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond as well as uses thereof for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, perfumed articles, colognes, smoking tobacco compositions, smoking tobacco articles, deodorizing articles, doedorizing compositions and malodor maskants.

Abstract: The novel compound provided by the invention is a higher carboxylic acid triester of adamantane triol such as adamantane-1,3,5-triol tricaprylate not known in the prior art. The compound has a high kinematic viscosity at elevated temperatures despite the low pour point and has high thermal stability in an oxidizing atmosphere so that it is useful as an ingredient of a high-performance lubricating oil.

Abstract: Described are adamantane derivatives defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or acetyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methylene (CH.sub.2) and wherein the dashed line represents a carbon-hydrogen single bond or a carbon-methylene double bond with the provisos that when R.sub.2 is methyl R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are both hydrogen and when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, R.sub.3 is methylene and the dashed line is a carbon-methylene double bond and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles.

Abstract: Described are hydroxy adamantane compounds and derivatives thereof and a process for preparing same.

Abstract: Azadecalins and C-7 substituted decalins with squalene oxide cyclase inhibitory activity are useful as inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and hence may be used in pharmaceuticals for regulating cholesterol levels in a mammal.

Abstract: Biologically active substituted spiro[azetidin-2-one-4,2'(or 3,2')adamantanes] of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, --SO.sub.2 Cl, or alkyl, and one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is an adamantyl group which shares a ring carbon with the lactam group and the other is alkyl, substituted alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Quinone diazide derivatives of adamantane, and especially quinone diazide derivatives of 1,3-dialkyl-5,7-bis(hydroyphenol) adamantanes, have been found to provide unique properties when coated on metal substrate in the preparation of both positive and negative working lithographic plates. The improved lithographic plates are characterized by enhanced speed, coating oleophilicity, alkali resistance, developer latitude and development speed.

Abstract: Perfluoroadamantane and 1-hydropentadecafluoroadamantane are prepared by perfluorinating adamantane and/or bromoadamantane by contacting CoF.sub.3 at an elevated temperature. The fluoroadamantanes have utility as synthetic blood substitutes or perfusion media.

Abstract: In the presence of an imide compound (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) shown by the formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group; or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; Y is O or OH and n=1 to 3; or the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound), an adamantane derivative having a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is oxidized with oxygen. According to the above method, an adamantane derivative having a hydroxyl group together with a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is efficiently obtained.