Abstract: A permanent magnet is fabricated such that it has a magnetically hard core surrounded by a thin magnetically soft shell. The magnetically hard core provides a relatively high intrinsic coercivity (Hci), and the magnetically soft shell provides a relatively high magnetic flux density (B). Due to magnetic exchange coupling between the core and shell, a relatively high maximum energy product (BH)max is achievable over a wide temperature range, including temperatures above 150° C. Further, such effects can be achieved without using rare-earth metals or precious metals helping to keep the manufacturing costs of the magnet low. To allow sufficient exchange magnetic coupling between the core and shell, the width of the shell is less than about 40 nanometers, and the overall dimensions are controlled such that the width of the shell is less than two times the Bloch domain wall thickness of the core.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds from the soft coral and the generation thereof. The invention also relates to the uses of the compounds from the soft coral in inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase and/or cyclooxygenase-2 and in treating the diseases associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase and/or cyclooxygenase-2.

Abstract: The invention relates to fused cyclooctyne compounds, and to a method for their preparation. The invention also relates to a conjugate wherein a fused cyclooctyne compound according to the invention is conjugated to a label, and to the use of these conjugates in bioorthogonal labeling, imaging and/or modification, such as for example surface modification, of a target molecule. The invention further relates to a method for the modification of a target molecule, wherein a conjugate according to the invention is reacted with a compound comprising a 1,3-dipole or a 1,3-(hetero)diene.

Abstract: A process for preparing a deperoxidation catalyst comprising chromium as the main catalytic element is described. Also described, is a process for preparing an organic solution of a chromic acid ester. The solution can be used as a catalyst in a deperoxidation of an alkyl peroxide in a process for manufacturing cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone by oxidation of cyclohexane.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and systems for making particular organic compounds from unsaturated fatty acids derived from biological materials. Particular embodiments describe synthesizing civetone and olefins from a mixture of palmitoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acid esters. The inventive methods use reaction steps such as metathesis, cyclization, hydrolysis, and/or decarboxylation.

Abstract: A process for preparing a deperoxidation catalyst comprising chromium as the main catalytic element is described. Also described, is a process for preparing an organic solution of a chromic acid ester. The solution can be used as a catalyst in a deperoxidation of an alkyl peroxide in a process for manufacturing cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone by oxidation of cyclohexane.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of cyclopropyl carbinols by cyclopropanation of unsaturated alcoholates, utilising a reagent system selected from (A) magnesium metal and dibromomethane, and (B) dibromomethane and a tertiary Grignard reagent, the reaction being carried out in the presence of an ether solvent. The process is useful, for example, for the preparation of ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons comprises contacting the hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a microporous solid support, preferably a zeolite, having from 8- to 12-ring open windows and comprising non-framework metal cations selected from manganese, iron, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, copper, nickel, and ruthenium, and mixtures thereof, providing that the oxygen-containing gas does not contain significant amounts of added hydrogen. The catalyst is novel and forms part of the invention. The process may be used for oxidation of alkanes, cycloalkanes, benzene and alkylbenzenes, and is suitable for use in regioselective terminal oxidation of straight chain alkanes and for selective oxidation/separation of p-dialkylbenzenes from an alkylbenzene mixture, for example, p-xylene from an isomeric mixture of xylenes.

Abstract: The present invention a method of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of a compound of formula: wherein R is absent, hydrogen or methyl; R1, R2, and R3 are independently hydrogen or methyl; and the broken lines represent independently single or double bonds, with the proviso that when R1, R2, and R3 are hydrogen, R is methyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method for oxidizing saturated cyclic hydrocarbons by oxygen to obtain a mixture of hydroperoxides, alcohols and ketones. It relates more particularly to a method for oxidizing cyclohexane in a column forming a bubble reactor, for the formation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. According to the invention, the column may be supplied with oxygen-enriched air, while meeting the maximum oxygen concentration requirements in the headspace of the reactor to avoid any risk of explosion.

Abstract: The present invention a method of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of a compound of formula: wherein R is absent, hydrogen or methyl; R1, R2, and R3 are independently hydrogen or methyl; and the broken lines represent independently single or double bonds, with the proviso that when R1, R2, and R3 are hydrogen, R is methyl.

Abstract: Coupling reactions, suitable for use in organic or aqueous media, are performed by contacting a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine with a dienophile. The dienophile may be covalently bonded to a protein, and the coupling reaction may be performed in biological media such as those containing cells or cell lysates. The reactions may be performed in the presence of primary amines, thiols, acetylenes, azides, phosphines, and products of Staudinger and/or Sharpless-Huisgen reactions Novel 3-substituted cyclopropene compounds and trans-cyclooctenes are exemplary dienophiles for these reactions.

Abstract: In a process for hydrogenating at least one organic compound, the organic compound or compounds is/are brought into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which comprises, as active metal, ruthenium either alone or together with at least one further metal of transition group I, VII or VIII of the Periodic Table applied to a support material based on amorphons silicon dioxide and is obtainable by: i) a single or multiple treatment of a support material based on amorphous silicon dioxide with a halogen-free aqueous solution of a low molecular weight ruthenium compound and subsequent drying of the treated support material at below 200° C., ii) reduction of the solid obtained in i) by means of hydrogen at from 100 to 350° C., with step ii) being carried out directly after step i).

Abstract: The novel chemical compound, 3(4),7(8)-dihydroxymethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane and a process for its preparation, wherein bicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-diene is reacted with synthesis gas in homogeneous organic phase in the presence of transition metal compounds of Group VIII of the Periodic Table containing complex-bound organophosphorus compound, at 70 to 160° C. and pressures of 5 to 35 MPa, and the 3(4),7(8)-bisformylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane thus obtained is hydrogenated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone by oxidizing cycloalkane with molecular oxygen in the presence of a heteropolyacid compound comprising a cobalt atom as a central element and a cobalt atom as a frame element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel thermo-isomerization method for rapidly and simply producing macrocyclic ketones of the formula Ia or Ib. The macrocyclic ketones are prepared in the gas phase at temperatures above 500° C. rapidly and in a simple manner from alcohols of the formula IIa and IIb directly with a high yield. In the formulae Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb, R1-R5, and n have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel compounds of formula (I), wherein the dotted line bond is present or not, and wherein R1 represents: when the dotted line bond is present —CHCH3OH or —CHCH3OCOR or —CHCH3XCH2CHOHR? or —CHCH3OCHR?CH2OH or formula (II) when the dotted line bond is absent —CHCH3OH or —CHCH3OCOR or —COCH3 or formula (II) or —CHCH3XCH2CHOHR? or —CH2CH2XCH2CHOHR? or —CHCH3OCHR?CH2OH or —CHCHCOR? or —CH2CH2CHR?OH or —CH2CH2CHR?OCOR or CHCHCHOHR? or —CHCHCHR?OCOR, wherein R represents H, Me, Et, Pr, isoPr, But, isoBut, CH3CH2)4, (CH3)2CHCH2, CH2CH, (CH3)2CCH, and R? represents H, Me or Et, and X represents O, N or S, and their preparation method. Because of their fragrance, said compounds are highly interesting for the perfume industry, for cosmetic and care products.

Abstract: A method for liquid phase oxidation of a cycloalkane compound is provided by which the cycloalkane compound intended to be oxidized mixes with water to form an azeotropic mixture, and then an oxygen enriched gas is introduced to perform an oxidation reaction. This method is particularly suitable for liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane by using an oxygen enriched gas or pure oxygen, which not only enhances conversion rate and selectivity of the cyclohexane oxidation process but also improves process safety in the use of an oxygen enriched gas or pure oxygen for cyclohexane oxidation.

Abstract: A method for producing an oxygenated compound from a cycloalkane compound which method is characterized in that a cycloalkane compound is contacted with oxygen in the presence of a cobalt compound and a ruthenium compound.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: A melanin synthesis inhibitor composition containing at least one macrocyclic compound represented by Formula (1) wherein X is a group selected among the groups consisting of C═O; CH—OH and O═C—CHOH; R being a chain hydrocarbon having 13 to 24 carbon atoms, R forms a ring with X and may be saturated or contain 1 to 3 unsaturated bonds and may be substituted by a lower alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a composition having the formula: in which a compound having the formula: is treated with a base and a silylating agent.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a cycloalkane, includes contacting a gas with a starting mixture, to form a product mixture, where the starting mixture contains (i) a cycloalkane, (ii) boric acid, and (iii) cobalt. The gas contains oxygen, the cycloalkane has 9 to 16 carbon atoms, and the product mixture contains a cyclic alcohol. The reactor output is increased by adding the cobalt salt, so that it is possible to lower the temperature, which decreases the rate of parallel and secondary reactions.

Abstract: In reduction of an epoxy group-containing organic compound, for example, a C5-C20 saturated or unsaturated epoxy cycloaliphatic compound, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, by bringing the compound into contact with hydrogen, the target compound can be produced at a high yield by adding a basic substance (for example, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal alkoxide, and an amine compound having 1 to 3 C1-C12 alkyl groups), to the reduction reaction system, to thereby restrict production of by-products due to a side deoxidation reaction.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, the catalyst used is 0.01 to 50% by weight of rhenium and 0 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, of at least one further metal chosen from Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Fe, Cr, V on oxidatively pretreated activated carbon as support.

Abstract: Cyclododecanone and cyclododecanol are produced each in high yield by reacting a epoxycyclododecane compound with hydrogen in the presence of a solid catalyst containing (a) catalytic component including a platinum group metal, (b) a promoter component including a VIII group, IIb group, IIIb group, IVb group, Vb group VIb group or VIIb group element or lanthanoid element or compound of the element, and (c) a carrier supporting the components (a) and (b) thereon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an acetylenediol continuously by reacting a ketone with acetylene in the presence of an alkali catalyst, which process comprises continuously feeding, into a first-stage reactor, a reaction solvent, an alkali catalyst, a ketone and acetylene to give rise to a reaction, continuously introducing the reaction mixture into a second-stage reactor, and continuously feeding a fresh portion of the same ketone into the second-stage reactor to give rise to a reaction.

Abstract: The compounds are (+)- and (−)-2-cyclododecylpropanol and (+)- and (−)-2-cyclododecylpropionic acid, and salts thereof. (−)-2-cyclododecylpropanol is suitable as a fragrance while the virtually odorless (+) enantiomer is suitable as a fixative for other fragrances. The two enantiomers of 2-cyclododecylpropanol are prepared by reduction of the acid function of the enantiomers of 2-cyclododecylpropionic acid.

Abstract: Ketones and aldehydes are hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohol or alkyl group, using H2 gas as the stoichiometric reductant, and organometallic ruthenium complexes as the catalysts.

Abstract: Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of an alkene, including cycloalkenes, with an epoxide to provide an aldehyde which may be reduced to the corresponding alcohol. The reaction products may be used to provide perfumes or perfume products.

Abstract: Cyclic alcohols and ketones having from 7-16 carbon atoms are prepared by a process comprising oxidizing cycloalkanes having 7-16 carbon atom s in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and a sparingly water-soluble and sparingly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon-soluble transition metal catalyst of Group 6 to Group 12 combined with a boron compound, and separating the sparingly soluble transition metal catalyst by mechanical separation after completion of the reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound having the formula: the process comprising treating a compound having the formula: with an alkyl metal species or with a Lewis acid in the presence of a tertiary amine base, wherein P2 is hydrogen or a hydroxyl protecting group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (+)− and (−)-2-cyclododecylpropanol and (+)− and (−)-2-cyclododecylpropionic acid, to salts thereof, and to the preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a cycloalkane, includes contacting a gas with a starting mixture, to form a product mixture, where the starting mixture contains (i) a cycloalkane, (ii) boric acid, and (iii) cobalt. The gas contains oxygen, the cycloalkane has 9 to 16 carbon atoms, and the product mixture contains a cyclic alcohol. The reactor output is increased by adding the cobalt salt, so that it is possible to lower the temperature, which decreases the rate of parallel and secondary reactions.

Abstract: Epoxidized C6-C12 cyclohydrocarbon compounds, for example, epoxidized C6-C12 cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes and/or cycloalkadienes are converted to cycloalkanols, cycloalkanones and cycloalkanes by hydrogenating the epoxidized C6-C12 cyclohydrocarbon compounds with hydrogen under a pressure of 0.1 to 5.4 MPa at a temperature of 100 to 280° C. in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one platinum group metal, for example, Pd or Ru.

Abstract: Perfumes and perfumed products comprising 3-alkylcycloalkan-1-ols of formula (I), wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; R2, R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen or a methyl group; R3 represents a saturated hydrocarbon group with 4-8 carbon atoms, provided that the first carbon atom of this hydrocarbon group is not a tertiary carbon atom, and n represents the numbers 1, 2 and 3. The invention also concerns compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 represents a methyl, ethyl or propyl group and R2-R5 are as outlined above.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclooctanol from cyclooctene comprising: a. reaction of cyclooctene with formic acid in the absence of an added catalyst to produce a two-phase reaction mixture containing cyclooctyl formate and residual formic acid, b. separation of the two phases into a lower phase rich in formic acid (phase A) and an upper phase low in formic acid (phase B), c. extraction of cyclooctyl formate from phase A to obtain an extract, d. combination of phase B and the extract from phase A, e. distillative work-up of the combination of phase B and the extract from phase A in an apparatus fitted with a short distillation path to obtain crude cyclooctyl formate, and f. catalytic transesterification of the cyclooctyl formate of said crude cyclooctyl formate with an alcohol to produce cyclooctanol.

Abstract: 2-Cyclododecyl-propanol [sic], which is in demand as musk scent, is prepared in an advantageous industrial process by reacting cyclododecene with an excess of propionic acid or of a propionic acid derivative in the presence of catalytic amounts of a free-radical initiator, and subsequently catalytically hydrogenating the 2-cyclododecylpropionic acid which is formed or the corresponding 2-cyclododecylpropionic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: A fluorination method of oxygen and halogen sites with diaryl-, dialkoxyalkyl-, alkylalkoxyalkyl-, arylalkoxyalkyl- and cyclic aminosulfur trifluorides fluorinating reagents is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol of the following formula (1), and a process for production of a 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol of the formula (1) by reduction of 3-formylcycloalkanone or 3-formylcycloalkenone. In accordance with the present invention, 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol, which is useful as the starting material for the production of polymers, can be produced with high conversion and high selectivity.

Abstract: A fluorination method of oxygen and halogen sites with diaryl-, dialkoxyalkyl-, alkylalkoxyalkyl-, arylalkoxyalkyl- and cyclic aminosulfur trifluorides fluorinating reagents is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for catalytically decomposing cyclododecyl hydroperoxide into cyclododecanone and cyclododecanol using a chromium catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 0 to 1; when n is 1, one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a single bond; when n is 0, dashed lines a, b, c and d are single bonds or one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 ; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5, or C(O)R.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is less than or equal to eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: A cycloalkylhydroperoxide, preferably having a C.sub.5-20 cycloalkyl group, is decomposed by bringing it into contact with a ruthenium complex of the formula:?RuCl.sub.2 L.sub.n !.sub.m (I)wherein L=a neutral ligand, n=1-4 and m.gtoreq.1, for example, ?RuCl.sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.3 !, to produce a cycloalkanol and cycloalkanone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a propargylcarbinol compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein. The process comprises reacting a haloallylcarbinol compound of formula (II) with a base. The present invention also relates to a process for producing the haloallylcarbinol compound. The above propargylcarbinol compound is useful as an intermediate for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, resin monomers, and the like.