Abstract: There is described a method of isolating one or more of pectin, d-limonene, a flavour compound, a flavonoid, a soluble monosaccharide, a decomposition product of a monosaccharide and cellulose, from citrus material wherein said method comprises the microwave assisted hydrothermal low temperature treatment of citrus material.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material includes the steps of providing a first liquid comprising a turpentine liquid; contacting the hydrocarbon-containing material with the turpentine liquid to form an extraction mixture; extracting the hydrocarbon material into the turpentine liquid; and separating the extracted hydrocarbon material from a residual material not extracted.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material includes the steps of providing a first liquid comprising a turpentine liquid; contacting the hydrocarbon-containing material with the turpentine liquid to form an extraction mixture; extracting the hydrocarbon material into the turpentine liquid; and separating the extracted hydrocarbon material from a residual material not extracted.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise tea tree oil derivatives, and compositions and uses of same, which have decreased cytotoxic and irritating characteristics.

Abstract: Compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer are described. Preferably the composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of tea tree oil from Melaleuca alternifolia, together with a pharmaceutically or therapeutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent. Methods for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer are also described. Preferably the method is used for the treatment and prevention of skin cancer. More preferably, the method is used for the treatment and prevention of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and/or melanoma.

Abstract: A process for separating at least one tertiary alcohol from at least one secondary alcohol from pine oil, the process comprising: reacting the pine oil comprising the at least one secondary alcohol and the at least one tertiary alcohol with at least one C3-C30 carboxylic acid ester, and at least one base, wherein the secondary alcohol is esterified to produce at least one secondary ester, with the proviso that the base is not a hydroxide; and separating the tertiary alcohol from the secondary ester.

Abstract: A process for making trans-isocarveol, an intermediate useful in the manufacture of perillyl alcohol, is disclosed. The process comprises isomerizing a mixture comprising cis-limonene oxide (cis-LMO) and trans-limonene oxide (trans-LMO) in the presence of a phenolic modifier and a chromium catalyst. The process is performed at a temperature less than 220° C. to convert more than 50% of the cis-LMO to trans-isocarveol and less than 50% of the trans-LMO to cis-isocarveol. We surprisingly found that a mixture of cis- and trans-LMO can be selectively isomerized to produce mostly trans-isocarveol, which we discovered is the preferred isomer for making perillyl alcohol by direct isomerization.

Abstract: A process for making perillyl alcohol is disclosed. The process comprises isomerizing a starting material comprising trans-isocarveol at a temperature within the range of 100° C. to 220° C. in the presence of a Group 5 metal catalyst to produce perillyl alcohol. We surprisingly found that trans-isocarveol, which can be selectively produced from a commercially available mixture of cis- and trans-LMO, can be isomerized directly to perillyl alcohol. Yields of perillyl alcohol are improved when the isomerization is performed under an inert atmosphere and/or in the presence of a phenolic antioxidant. Performing the isomerization in the presence of a high-boiling alcohol and/or distilling the perillyl alcohol product from the reaction mixture in the presence of a high-boiling alcohol, enhances yields and maximizes catalyst use. The resulting distillation residue, which contains recovered Group 5 metal catalyst, is valuable for catalyzing additional trans-isocarveol isomerizations.

Abstract: Novel uses for diterpene modulators of macrophage phagosomal maturation are provided. The diterpene isotuberculosinol is used as an immune modulator, assay for pharmaceutical compositions and an isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis labdane-related diterpenoid virulence factor. A method of treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectivity is further provided.

Abstract: A process for separating at least one tertiary alcohol from at least one secondary alcohol from pine oil, the process comprising: reacting the pine oil comprising the at least one secondary alcohol and the at least one tertiary alcohol with at least one C3-C30 carboxylic acid ester, and at least one base, wherein the secondary alcohol is esterified to produce at least one secondary ester, with the proviso that the base is not a hydroxide; and separating the tertiary alcohol from the secondary ester.

Abstract: An efficient method is disclosed for extracting lutein from corn, sweet potato, and other plant products, and for extracting aflatoxin-free lutein from aflatoxin-contaminated plant grains and other plant products safely without any toxic by-products. The lutein is extracted using acetone, and either chilled or saponified to separate from the lipids. If contaminated with aflatoxin, the extracted aflatoxin-contaminated lutein is treated with lipoxidase. This method may be used in producing aflatoxin-free lutein from other contaminated grains or plant oils, or other plant products, including corn, cotton, soybean, rice, barley, wheat, maize, millet, and peanut.

Abstract: There is provided a compound of the formula[I]: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a group of the formula A1: Q represents Q3: when A represents a halogen atom or a protective group for a hydroyl group, A represents Q4:  wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and when A represents a hydrogen atom, Q is Q2:

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrial scale process for obtaining lutein and zeaxanthin concentrates of high purity from saponified marigold extracts that may have high levels of chlorophyll.

Abstract: A process for preparing perillyl alcohol by converting beta-pinene oxide into an alcohol in an acidic reaction medium, esterifying said alcohol to produce a mixture containing perillyl acetate, and hydrolyzing said perillyl acetate to perillyl alcohol.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a moncyclic monoterpene having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R=--C.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH--CH.sub.3. which comprises treating limonene in a liquid reaction medium with a strong base followed by addition to the medium of a boron-containing reagent to produce a limonenyl adduct. The adduct is cleaved with an oxidizing agent, diluted with water and an organic solvent to produce a two-phase mixture. The monoterpene is recovered from the organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous based micellar solution in the form of a microemulsion which is an effective all-purpose cleaner and which has a flashpoint in excess of its boiling point which is typically greater than 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel odorants derived from formylpinane. In particular, these are compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents H or C--C alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl etc., preferably methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, n represents 0 or 1 and the notation represents a single or double bond I.

Abstract: A process for the extraction and purification of the diterpene alcohol Plaunotol from the leaves of the medicinal plant, Croton sublyratus Kurz. The process involves extracting firstly with a lower aliphatic alcohol followed by extracting from the alcohol solution with a chlorinated hydrocarbon. Then impurities are hydrolysed and the required Plaunotol separated by extraction with a hydrocarbon. This process is simple and gave much better yields than prior processes.

Abstract: .alpha.-Bisabolol is purified by distilling a plant extract containing .alpha.-bisabolol under reduced pressure and drawing off the purified .alpha.-bisabolol in the lower half of a distillation column as side product, and feeding in the extract above the side outlet.

Abstract: Retinoid compounds with bioactive properties and their synthesis are described. The compounds are useful as chemopreventive or cancer-treating agents and dermatological agents. The novel retinoids are members of either of the two general structures: ##STR1## wherein X is CO.sub.2 H or CH.sub.2 OH; and in formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl, a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together form a 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring; and in formula (II), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl, a C.sub.1-4 alkenyl or a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 taken together form a 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl with R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 being a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl, a C.sub.1-4 alkenyl or a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy.

Abstract: Closely boiling diastereomeric isomer alcohols are separated by converting them to esters having disparate boiling points, separating the ester isomers by distillation and saponifying the separate ester isomers to obtain the individual alcohol isomers.

Abstract: Compounds, and a process for their preparation, have the formula ##STR1## or corresponding salts thereof wherein R represents a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents oxazolinyl, --C.tbd.N, --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.2 or ##STR3## These compounds in the form of pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions are useful for the treatment of keratinization disorders.

Abstract: High quality cedar wood oil is recovered from raw cedar wood with substantially improved efficiency employing the solvent extraction method of this invention. By submerging cedar wood pulp or sawdust in a suitable water insoluble solvent for a predefined time period, a purified cedar wood oil extract is easily attained after filtration of the cedar wood pulp and distillation removal of the solvent. Furthermore, depending upon the end use or operating system, the solvent extraction method of this invention may be conducted as either a batch process or a continuous process.

Abstract: A method of preparing delta-terpineol by reacting 1,8-cineole with an alkali metal aryl compound resulting in an E2 elimination reaction of 1,8-cineole.

Abstract: A method of preparing terpinen-4-ols and intermediates thereof, by reacting 1,4-cineole with an alkali metal aryl compound, resulting in an E2 elimination reaction of 1,4-cineole.

Abstract: A method of preparing 1-terpinen-4-ol and 1(7)-terpinen-4-ol comprising an E2 elimination reaction of 1,4-cineole.

Abstract: Di-, tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides are isomerized to allylic alcohols in the presence of a metal alkoxide catalyst in which the metal is selected from early transition metals of Groups 1VA and VA and in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention describes cycloaliphatic alcohols prepared via a Diels-Alder reaction.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of a pinacol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and represent optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical by reducing a ketone of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the abovementioned meanings with a base metal, the improvement comprising carrying out the reduction in the presence of an organic halogen compound and in the presence of a phosphoric acid amide, phosphoric acid ester and/or carboxylic acid amide.