Abstract: A dividing wall distillation column for producing high-purity 2-ethyl hexanol including a condenser, a reboiler and a main column having a dividing wall. The main column is divided into a column-top zone, an upper feed zone, an upper outflow zone, a lower feed zone, a lower outflow zone and a column-bottom zone. A crude 2-ethyl hexanol raw material (F) flows in a middle inflow plate NR1 in which the upper feed zone and the lower feed zone come in contact with each other, a low boiling point component (D) flows out from the column-top zone, a high boiling point component (B) flows out from the column-bottom zone, and a middle boiling point component (S) flows out through a middle outflow plate NR2 in which the upper outflow zone and the lower outflow zone come in contact with each other, where the middle boiling point component is 2-ethyl hexanol.

Abstract: Process for the continuous preparation of an amine by reaction of a primary or secondary alcohol, aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary and secondary amines at a temperature in the range from 60 to 300° C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper oxide and aluminum oxide, wherein the reaction takes place in the gas phase and the catalytically active composition of the catalyst before reduction with hydrogen comprises from 20 to 75% by weight of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), from 20 to 75% by weight of oxygen-comprising compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, from 0 to 2% by weight of oxygen-comprising compounds of sodium, calculated as Na2O, and less than 5% by weight of oxygen-comprising compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, and the shaped catalyst body has a pellet shape having a diameter in the range from 1 to 4 mm and a height in the range from 1 to 4 mm.

Abstract: A novel catalyst useful in the ethynylation of formaldehyde to butynediol is formed by precipitating copper and bismuth from a salt solution of such metals, utilizing an alkali metal hydroxide as the precipitating agent to deposit copper and bismuth hydroxide as a coating around a siliceous carrier particle.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of acids from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of acids in the hydrocarbon stream by use of adsorbents or basic solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), optionally with chemotherapeutic drugs such as a tubulin-binding drug, and methods of their use for reducing the toxicity of cytotoxic agents, treating or preventing cancer or a neuropathic disorder, inducing a chemoprotective phase II enzyme, DNA, or protein synthesis, enhancing the immune system, treating inflammation, improving and enhancing general health or well-being, and methods for making compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of solids from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of inorganic and organic solids in the hydrocarbon stream by use of adsorbent beds, filters, cyclone or gravity separators.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of heavy metals from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of heavy metals in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of organic oxygenates from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of organic oxygenates in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of acids from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of acids in the hydrocarbon stream by use of adsorbents or basic solutions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of mercury from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of mercury and mercury containing compounds in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of heavy hydrocarbon compounds including C2+ hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level heavy hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon stream by use of adsorbents, physical separators or cryogenic separation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of water, carbon dioxide and other condensable contaminants in the hydrocarbon stream by use of a fluid separation assembly such as a supersonic inertia separator. In addition, one or more adsorbent beds may be used to remove remaining trace amounts of condensable contaminants. The fluid separation assembly has a cyclonic fluid separator with a tubular throat portion arranged between a converging fluid inlet section and a diverging fluid outlet section and a swirl creating device.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), optionally with chemotherapeutic drugs such as a tubulin-binding drug, and methods of their use for reducing the toxicity of cytotoxic agents, treating or preventing cancer or a neuropathic disorder, inducing a chemoprotective phase II enzyme, DNA, or protein synthesis, enhancing the immune system, treating inflammation, improving and enhancing general health or well-being, and methods for making compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: A hydrophilizing agent for a hydrophobic porous membrane, wherein the agent contains a surfactant, and the surfactant has a frothability such that the bubble height immediately after frothing, as measured according to the Ross-Miles method (JIS K 3362), using a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of the surfactant at 25° C., is 40 mm or less, and preferably has a frothability such that the bubble height five minutes after frothing is 20 mm or less; a method for hydrophilizing a hydrophobic porous membrane using this hydrophilizing agent; and a method for testing and hydrophilizing a membrane module using this hydrophilizing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are: an advantageous production process for a carotenoid intermediate; and others. Specifically disclosed are: a process for producing a dialcohol represented by formula (1), which is characterized by reacting a Grignard reagent with an acetylene gas in an organic solvent at a temperature of 30° C. or higher to prepare an ethynyl magnesium halide and subsequently reacting the ethynyl magnesium halide with methacrolein; a process for producing an allylhalide compound represented by formula (3) [wherein X represents a halogen atom: and the wavy line means the compound is either of E/Z geometric isomers or a mixture thereof], which is characterized by reducing a dialcohol represented by formula (1) with hydrogen to produce a triene alcohol represented by formula (2) [wherein the wavy line is as defined above] and halogenating the triene alcohol; and an allylchloride compound represented by formula (4) [wherein the wavy line is as defined above].

Abstract: A liquid composition for preventing bubble adhesion, containing a diacetylene tetraol compound expressed by the following General Formula (1): (where R1 and R2 are each independently a C1 to C3 alkyl group, —O-Et- is an oxyethylene group, and k, l, m, and n are each an integer from 0 to 2).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a process for producing an ether (co)polymer in which molecular weight control is easy and post treatment of the reaction liquid after polymerization (solvent recovery, etc.) is easy; a chain transfer agent to be used in the production process; and an ether (co) polymer obtained according to the production process. The process for producing an ether (co) polymer of the invention is characterized in that an ether monomer is polymerized in a solvent, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a condensate of an organotin compound and an alkyl phosphate, and a chain transfer agent comprising, as the major ingredient thereof, an aliphatic polyalcohol of the following general formula (I), thereby producing an ether (co)polymer. Cx(OH)yHz. In the formula, X indicates an integer of from 2 to 8; Y indicates an integer of from 2 to (2X+2); Z indicates an integer of 2X+2?Y; and the hydroxyl groups are bonded at any positions.

Abstract: A process for performing, a coupling reaction between acetaldehyde and a terminal alkyne to yield a hydroxyalkyne is described comprising the steps of; (i) reacting without solvent, a terminal alkyne with a Lewis acidic metal salt in the presence of a alkanolamine ligand and a cyclic amine base to form a metal-alkyne complex, and (ii) adding a solution of acetaldehyde to the metal-alkyne complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrahydrogeranylacetone (tetrahydropseudoionone) by aldol condensation of citral with acetone and subsequent hydrogenation. The invention further relates to the use of thus obtained tetrahydro-geranylacetone for preparing phytol, isophytol, tocopherol and/or tocopherol derivatives. In addition, the invention relates to processes for preparing tocopherols and/or tocopherol derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of diols by a Lewis acid-catalysed aldehyde addition reaction on hydroxyalkynes followed by hydrogenation is described. The process provides a wide range of diols from simple, readily available starting materials. In particular the process is suitable for preparing chiral 1,4-diols suitable for the preparation of chiral phospholane ligands for use in asymmetric catalysis.

Abstract: A process for preparing at least one unsaturated alcohol (B) comprises the steps (I) to (III) below: (I) reaction of at least one alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide with at least one alcohol (A) in at least one organic solvent (L) to give a mixture (G-I) comprising at least the alcohol (A), the solvent (L) and an alkoxide (AL); (II) reaction of at least one carbonyl compound of the formula R—CO—R? with at least one alkyne of the formula R?—C?C—H and the mixture (G-I) obtained in step (I) to give a mixture (G-II) comprising at least the alcohol (A), the solvent (L) and an unsaturated alcohol (B); (III) distillation of the mixture (G-II) obtained in step (II) to give the alcohol or alcohols (B) and a mixture (G-III) comprising the solvent (L) and the alcohol (A), wherein the solvent (L) obtained in step (III) and the alcohol (A) obtained in step (III) are recycled as a mixture to step (I).

Abstract: Processes are provided for producing propargyl alcohol in an industrially advantageous manner. One of the processes comprises reaction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane with 3 equivalents or more of an alkali compound to produce propargyl alcohol. The other process comprises (1) a first step of reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol with an amine to produce chloroallyl alcohol, and (2) a second step of reaction of the chloroallyl alcohol obtained in the above step (1) with an alkali compound to produce propargyl alcohol.

Abstract: Process solutions comprising one or more acetylenic diol type surfactants are used to improve the wettability of a substrate surface by lowering the contact angle of the aqueous developer solution are enclosed herein. In one embodiment, the process solution is used to prepare the surface of the substrate prior to the development of the resist coating layer.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions comprising one or more acetylenic diol type surfactants are used to improve the wettability of a substrate surface by lowering the contact angle of the aqueous developer solution are enclosed herein. In one embodiment, the aqueous solution is used to prepare the surface of the substrate prior to development of the resist coating layer.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active propargyl alcohol represented by the following formula (4): wherein R1 is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkylsilyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a C2-C10 heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms or a C1-C10 alkyl group having 1-3 heteroatoms, and R2 is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkylsilyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a C2-C10 heterocyclic group having 1-3 heteroatoms or a C1-C10 alkyl group having 1-3 heteroatoms, which comprises allowing an aldehyde compound represented by the following formula (1): R1—CHO  (1) to react with an alkyne compound represented by the following formula (2): HC≡C—R2  (2) in the presence of an optically active aminoalcohol and a tertiary amine and a zinc halogenated lower alkane sulfonate in an amount of less than equivalent mo

Abstract: The present invention provides a process, which includes:

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an acetylenediol continuously by reacting a ketone with acetylene in the presence of an alkali catalyst, which process comprises continuously feeding, into a first-stage reactor, a reaction solvent, an alkali catalyst, a ketone and acetylene to give rise to a reaction, continuously introducing the reaction mixture into a second-stage reactor, and continuously feeding a fresh portion of the same ketone into the second-stage reactor to give rise to a reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an acetylenediol continuously by reacting a ketone with acetylene in the presence of an alkali catalyst, which process comprises continuously feeding, into a first-stage reactor, a reaction solvent, an alkali catalyst, a ketone and acetylene to give rise to a reaction, continuously introducing the reaction mixture into a second-stage reactor, and continuously feeding a fresh portion of the same ketone into the second-stage reactor to give rise to a reaction.

Abstract: A series of polyethylene glycol derivatives possessing a diene moiety has been prepared and characterized. The reactivities of these derivatives in various Diels-Alder reactions have been demonstrated. The potential derivatives, which can be made by various Diels-Alder reactions, are expected to be useful in biotechnical applications.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst of the general formula AB(y)C(z) wherein A is a support comprising of a salt of a Group II A metal or zeolite, B is a noble metal selected from Pt or Pd, y=0.2 to 10%, C is nickel and z=0 to 15.0%, with the proviso that when B is Pt, z=0.

Abstract: The process for preparing alkynediols of the formula (I) R1R2C(OH)—C≡C—C(OH)R1R2  (I) where R1, R2 are each independently H, or a C1-20-hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted by one or more C1-6-alkyls and/or be interrupted by nonadjacent heteroatoms and/or contain C—C double or triple bonds, by reacting compounds of the formula (II) R1—C(═O)—R2  (II) with acetylene in a polar aprotic solvent is carried out in the presence of basic alkali metal salts as catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst by activating a catalytic composition which comprises a) at least one metal of group IB or IIB or a compound thereof, b) where appropriate a carrier which comprises treating the composition with an alkyne of the general formula I R1—C≡C—R2  (I) in which R1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl, R2 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, and a carbonyl compound of the general formula II in which R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, to catalysts obtainable by this process, and to alkynylations and aminoalkylations employing these catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkyne diols by reacting ketones with acetylenic hydrocarbons in an organic solvent in the presence of a base which contains potassium alcoholates of primary and/or secondary alcohols. The alkyne diols are produced while forming adducts which precipitate out of the reaction mixture and which are comprised of alkyne monoalcohols and/or alkyne diols and a base. The stoichiometries of the reaction partners are selected such that gelatinous adducts are formed which comprise a spherical surface, whereby the reaction mixture remains agitable during the entire reaction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing acetylene alcohol compounds in a continuous process, which are produced via ethynylation in which ketones containing a group --CH.sub.2 COCH.sub.2 --, are condensed with acetylenes at a temperature of about 20 to 50.degree. C. under a pressure of about 10 to 30 kg/cm.sup.2 in the presence of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide anion exchange resin having strong basicity in an aprotic solvent by feeding a reactant mixture at an LHSV range of 0.1 to 5.0 and the reactant mixture comprises the acetylene, the ketone and the solvent at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.2-3.0:1.0-4.0.

Abstract: In a process for preparing alcohols by gas phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids or esters thereof at elevated temperature and elevated pressure in the presence of catalysts consisting of or comprising, as hydrogenating components, oxides of main group VI and/or subgroup IV, the hydrogenation is carried outa) at from 250.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. and from 5 bar to 100 bar in the presence ofb) primary or secondary alcohols, the molar hydrogen/alcohol ratio being at most 800.

Abstract: Solids are separated from aqueous 1,4-butynediol solutions by passing a solids-containing aqueous butynediol solution in the downflow mode through a column and thus bringing it into contact with a solvent which has a lower density than the solids-containing butynediol solution and forms a second phase with the latter, with the solvent rising in countercurrent to the aqueous butynediol solution, the solid accumulating at the interface between the aqueous butynediol and the solvent and the solid being removed from the column by taking off a mixture of aqueous butynediol and solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a alcohol including an optically active alcohol by hydrogenating a carbonyl compound in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst, a base and a nitrogen-containing organic compound. Thus, the reaction employs an inexpensive catalyst and proceeds in high yield and high efficiency.

Abstract: The conversion of formaldehyde and acetylene in the presence of a suspension catalyst to butynediol is usually performed in a cascade of reactors, wherein the separation of the catalyst from the product solution takes place per individual reactor. This can be performed by filters installed in the reactor or by suitable filter apparatuses outside the reactor. A part of the catalyst present in the reactors can be drawn off and replaced by regenerated and/or fresh catalyst. The catalyst drawn off from the reactors can advantageously be fed to a regeneration. The replacement of the catalyst in the reactor can take place discontinuously or continuously. In the reactors of the cascade, a catalyst amount of 50-200 g, preferably of 75-125 g, per liter of reaction solution is used.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol of the formula IHO-CH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2 -C.ident.C-.ident.C-CH.sub.2 -OH (I)by the reaction of diacetylene of the formula IIH-C.ident.C-C.ident.C-H (II)with formaldehyde of the formula IIIH.sub.2 C=O (III),in the presence of a silver catalysts, in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of a polar organic solvent at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under pressures ranging from 0.01 to 10 bar.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing tertiary alkynols by reacting carbonyl-group-containing compounds with alkynes in the presence of a basic catalyst are disclosed. Preferred products are 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyn-6-ol compounds having the structure: ##STR1## A preferred, novel compound, 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyne-2,6-diol, can be used in the synthesis of Vitamin E or Vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing tertiary alkynols by reacting carbonyl-group-containing compounds with alkynes in the presence of a basic catalyst are disclosed. Preferred products are 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyn-6-ol compounds having the structure: ##STR1## A preferred, novel compound, 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyne-2,6-diol, can be used in the synthesis of Vitamin E or Vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: Acyclic terpene compounds useful as intermediates or producing sarcophytol A which have an anti-carcinogenic promotor activity and anti-tumor activity, which compounds are shown by the general formula (I): ##STR1##

Abstract: A novel optically active allyl alcohol derivative represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV): ##STR1## The novel optically active allyl alcohol can be used effectively for producing leucotrienes B.sub.4 by the process of reacting an optically active halogen substituted allyl alcohol and a novel optically active acetylene-substituted allyl alcohol.

Abstract: 3,9-Dihydroxynonyne and its derivatives protected at the 9-OH function, of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a conventional alcohol protective group, and processes for the preparation of the compounds I.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an alkynediol is disclosed. In this process, a C.sub.3-12 ketone is reacted with acetylene in the presence of potassium hydroxide in an C.sub.1-4 alkyl-tert-butyl ether solvent. The potassium hydroxide is used in a molar ratio, relative to the amount of ketone used, of from 1.0:1.0 to 1.6:1.0.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polyacetylene compositions, a process of producing the compositions and a method for inhibiting tumors utilizing the compositions. More particularly, the compositions are antitumor polyacetylenes which are derived form marine organisms, i.e., the marine sponge Cribrochalina dura.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenation of butterfat where non-deacidified butterfat is continuously reacted with hydrogen under pressures of from 20 to 300 bar and at temperatures of from 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. with molar ratios of hydrogen to fatty acid residue in the butterfat of from 10:1 to 500:1. The reaction is carried out over catalysts which contain from 30 to 40% by weight copper, from 23 to 30% by weight chromium, from 1 to 10% by weight manganese, from 1 to 10% by weight silicon, and from 1 to 7% by weight barium. The percentages by weight in each case are based on the total oxidic mass of the catalyst. Other transition metals, especially zirconium and cerium, are additionally incorporated into the catalyst. The metals in the catalyst are converted to their oxides by calcination. The catalyst is converted into shaped particulate or granulated elements with from 1 to 10% by weight of at least one binder in addition to 1 to 10% by weight graphite.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol by the oxidative coupling of propargyl alcohol, in the presence of an aliphatic C.sub.4 alcohol solvent is disclosed. The 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol is completely dissolved in the butanol. Residual salts dissolved in the butanol solution at the end of the reaction are separated out by electrodialysis. The salt-containing stream which is separated out and contains the catalyst salts, water, and butanol is suitable as a reaction mixture, and can be recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing propynol from formaldehyde and acetylene is disclosed. In this process the acetylene is first dissolved in a dimethoxymethane solvent under strong cooling and at slight gauge pressure. The cool acetylene-containing solution is then fed to a reactor charged with formaldehyde and a catalyst.

Abstract: Novel Isoprene Derivatives which have mucosa-protective and gastric acid secretion-inhibiting properties and are useful for combatting ulcers both by treating and as a prophylaxis against gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.