Abstract: The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a recycled reactant and at least one of an alkane, haloalkane, alkene, haloalkene, aromatic compound, haloaromatic compound, heteroaromatic compound or halo-heteroaromatic compound. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region.

Abstract: An alcohol such as methanol is produced from an alkane such as methane and oxygen in a single step process using a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst comprises the chloride salts of copper, potassium, lead and zinc.

Abstract: Improvements in previously disclosed methods of and apparatuses for converting alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics to olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes includes: safety improvements, use of alternative feedstocks, process simplification, improvements to the halogenation step, improvements to the reproportionation step, improvements to the solid oxide reaction, improvements to solid oxide regeneration, improvements in separations, maintenance, start-up, shut-down, and materials of construction.

Abstract: Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.

Abstract: Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.

Abstract: Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.

Abstract: In a first sulfation step, 2-perfluoroalkylethyl iodide is brought into contact with fuming sulfuric acid to obtain a reaction mixture comprising 2-perfluoroalkylethyl sulfate and bis(2-perfluoroalkylethyl)sulfate. Then, in a first hydrolysis step, 2-perfluoroalkylethyl sulfate produced in the first sulfation step is hydrolyzed to obtain a reaction mixture comprising 2-perfluoroalkylethyl alcohol. In a second sulfation step, bis(2-perfluoroalkylethyl)sulfate produced in the first sulfation step is brought into contact with fuming sulfuric acid to obtain a reaction mixture comprising 2-perfluoroalkylethyl sulfate. Then, in a second hydrolysis step, 2-perfluoroalkylethyl sulfate produced in the second sulfation step is hydrolyzed to obtain a reaction mixture comprising 2-perfluoroalkylethyl alcohol. According to such procedures, 2-perfluoroalkylethyl alcohol can be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polymethylol compounds of the formula (I) where the radicals R are each, independently of one another, a further methylol group or an alkyl group having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, by condensation of aldehydes having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms with formaldehyde in an aldol reaction using tertiary amines as catalyst to form alkanals of the formula (II) where the radicals R each independently have one of the abovementioned meanings, and subsequent hydrogenation of the latter. The particular inventive feature of this process is that the aldol reaction is carried out using an aqueous formaldehyde solution having a formic acid content of <150 ppm and preferably <100 ppm. In this way of carrying out the process, the formation of by-products can advantageously be prevented in a targeted manner and the yield of the desired polymethylol compound can thereby be increased.

Abstract: In a method of converting alkanes to their corresponding alcohols and ethers a vessel comprises a hollow, unsegregated interior defined first, second, and third zones. In a first embodiment of the invention oxygen reacts with metal bromide in the first zone to provide bromine; bromine reacts with the alkane in the second zone to form alkyl bromide; and the alkyl bromide reacts with metal oxide in the third zone to form the corresponding alcohol and/or ether. Metal bromide from the third zone is transported through the vessel to the first zone and metal oxide from the first zone is recycled to the third zone. A second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment in that metal oxide is transported through the vessel from the first zone to the third zone and metal bromide is recycled from the third zone to the first zone.

Abstract: A reactant selected from the group consisting of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes, and aromatics is reacted with a halide selected from the group including chlorine, bromine, and iodine to form a first reaction product. The first reaction product is reacted with a solid oxidizer to form a product selected from the group including olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes, and spent oxidizer. The spent oxidizer is oxidized to form the original solid oxidizer and the second reactant which are recycled.

Abstract: An alkyl gycol ether having the following formula wherein R is a C1–C7 saturated, unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, acyclic or cyclic alkyl group, is useful as a fragrance material in perfumes, cosmetics, consumer products, and the like. When R is a saturated, straight-chain or branched, acyclic or cyclic alkyl group, these compounds are especially stable when used as fragrance materials in bleach containing products.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorine-containing alcohol compound, the process comprising the step of reacting water with a halogenated fluorine compound in the presence of a catalyst for preparing a fluorine-containing alcohol compound, the catalyst obtained by supporting an ammine complex containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of the elements in Group 1B, Group 2B, Group 6A, Group 7A and Group 8 of the periodic table on at least one complex oxide selected from the group consisting of Si—Al complex oxides, Al—P complex oxides and Si—Al—P complex oxides.

Abstract: This invention provides a process to convert alkanes to primary alcohols of the same carbon number. Carbon numbers of particular interest are C8 to C18.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for producing alcohols, particularly methanol, according to an alcohol synthesis process. The apparatus comprises a catalytic distillation reactor where reactants are fed into the catalytic distillation reactor to undergo catalytic reaction to form methanol. Methanol production beyond the thermodynamic limit is achieved in the apparatus through use of multiple distillation stages, preferably at least three.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing partial hydrolysates of organometallic compounds and to a process for preparing partial hydrolysates of organometallic compounds, in particular alkylaluminoxanes, or transition metal catalysts immobilized on inert support materials and also to the products prepared by this process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorine-containing alcohol compound, the process comprising the step of reacting water with a halogenated fluorine compound in the presence of a catalyst for preparing a fluorine-containing alcohol compound, the catalyst obtained by supporting an ammine complex containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of the elements in Group 1B, Group 2B, Group 6A, Group 7A and Group 8 of the periodic table on at least one complex oxide selected from the group consisting of Si—Al complex oxides, Al—P complex oxides and Si—Al—P complex oxides.

Abstract: In a method of converting alkanes to their corresponding alcohols and ethers a vessel comprises a hollow, unsegregated interior defined first, second, and third zones. In a first embodiment of the invention oxygen reacts with metal bromide in the first zone to provide bromine; bromine reacts with the alkane in the second zone to form alkyl bromide; and the alkyl bromide reacts with metal oxide in the third zone to form the corresponding alcohol and/or ether. Metal bromide from the third zone is transported through the vessel to the first zone and metal oxide from the first zone is recycled to the third zone. A second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment in that metal oxide is transported through the vessel from the first zone to the third zone and metal bromide is recycled from the third zone to the first zone.

Abstract: Alcohols, ethers, and olefins are manufactured from alkanes by mixing an alkane and bromine in a reactor to form alkyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. The alkyl bromide only or the alkyl bromide and the hydrogen bromide are directed into contact with metal oxide to form an alcohol and/or an ether, or an olefin and metal bromide. The metal bromide is oxidized to form original metal oxide and bromine, both of which are recycled.

Abstract: Methanol and/or dimethyl ether are manufactured from methane by mixing methane and bromine in a reactor to form methyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. The methyl bromide only or the methyl bromide and the hydrogen bromide are directed into contact with metal oxide to form methanol and/or dimethyl ether and a metal bromide. The metal bromide is oxidized to form original metal oxide catalyst and bromine, both of which are recycled.

Abstract: In a method of converting alkanes to their corresponding alcohols and ethers a vessel comprises a hollow, unsegregated interior defined first, second, and third zones. In a first embodiment of the invention oxygen reacts with metal bromide in the first zone to provide bromine; bromine reacts with the alkane in the second zone to form alkyl bromide; and the alkyl bromide reacts with metal oxide in the third zone to form the corresponding alcohol and/or ether. Metal bromide from the third zone is transported through the vessel to the first zone and metal oxide from the first zone is recycled to the third zone. A second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment in that metal oxide is transported through the vessel from the first zone to the third zone and metal bromide is recycled from the third zone to the first zone.

Abstract: Alcohols, ethers, and olefins are manufactured from alkanes by mixing an alkane and bromine in a reactor to form alkyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. The alkyl bromide is directed into contact with metal oxide to form an alcohol and/or an ether, or an olefin and metal bromide. The metal bromide from the alkyl bromide metal oxide reaction is oxidized to form original metal oxide and bromine, both of which are recycled. The hydrogen bromide is separately directed into contact with metal oxide to form water and metal bromide. The metal bromide from the hydrogen bromide metal oxide is oxidized to form the original metal oxide which is recycled.

Abstract: Alcohols, ethers, and olefins are manufactured from alkanes by mixing an alkane and bromine in a reactor to form alkyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. The alkyl bromide only or the alkyl bromide and the hydrogen bromide are directed into contact with metal oxide to form an alcohol and/or an ether, or an olefin and metal bromide. The metal bromide is oxidized to form original metal oxide and bromine, both of which are recycled.

Abstract: Alcohols and/or ethers are synthesized from alkanes by mixing an alkane and bromine in a reactor to form alkyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. The alkyl bromide is directed into contact with metal oxide to form alcohol and/or ether and a metal bromide. The metal bromide is oxidized to metal oxide and bromine, both of which are recycled.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing tetramethylcyclopentadiene from 2,3-dibromobutane is described. A 2-bromo-2-butene Grignard is reacted with an ethyl formate to produce a 3,5-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-ol magnesium bromide which is then quenched with acetic acid to produce 3,5-dimethyl-2,5-hepadiene-4-ol.

Abstract: A shaped, activated metal, fixed-bed catalyst with a pore volume of 0.05 to 1 ml/g and an outer activated layer consisting of a sintered, finely-divided, catalyst alloy and optionally promoters. The catalyst alloy has metallurgical phase domains, resulting from the method of preparation of the alloy, in which the largest phase by volume has a specific interface density of more than 0.5 &mgr;m−1.

Abstract: Alcohols are prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds at elevated temperatures and at superatmospheric pressure in the liquid phase by a process in which the catalyst used contains copper on an SiO2-containing carrier in the presence or absence of one or more of the elements magnesium, barium, zinc and chromium.

Abstract: Dihydromyrcenol is prepared from dihydromyrcenyl chloride by hydrolyzing dihydromyrcenyl chloride in an aqueous medium containing a base and a phase transfer catalyst in an amount of 0.001-10 mol %, based on the amount of dihydromyrcenyl chloride.

Abstract: A process comprising preparation of an alkanol and elemental iodine by contacting an iodoalkane containing 1 to 20 carbons, water and molecular oxygen at a temperature in the range of about 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and recovering the elemental iodine.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid acidic or metal catalyst-promoted halogenation of methane to produce methyl monohalides in high selectivity. Concurrent or simultaneous hydrolysis provides methyl alcohol and/or dimethyl ether in good yields.

Abstract: A reagent comprising the product of the reaction of an alkali metal hydroxide with a polyglycol or a polyglycol monoalkyl ether and oxygen, effects complete decomposition of halogenated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), when mixed therewith in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for synthesizing compounds of aluminium and alkaline earth metals containing hydride hydrogens and alkoxy radicals, of compositionM[A1H.sub.4-n (OR).sub.n ].sub.2.xBin which 0.5.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.3.5; OR is an alkoxy radical derived from a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol; R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical; M is an alkaline earth metal; B is a Lewis base; x can vary between 0 and 4; and R can also contain functional groups OR', SR', NR'.sub.2 ect., consisting of reacting together:(a) a halide of an alkaline earth metal;(b) an alanate of an alkaline earth metal of formula M' A1H.sub.4 (M'.apprxeq.alkaline metal);(c) an alcohol chosen from primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms.