Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a catalyst composition comprising titanium-, zirconium- and/or hafnium amidinate complexes and/or titanium-, zirconium- and/or hafnium guanidinate complexes and organo aluminium and/or organic zinc compounds, a coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) process employing the catalyst composition as well as long chain aluminium alkyls and subsequent alcohols obtained by such process.

Abstract: An example method includes determining that a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) component having a zeolite-based catalyst is contaminated with platinum (Pt). The method further includes elevating the temperature of the SCR component to at least 600° C. in response to the determining the catalytic component is contaminated with Pt, and maintaining the elevated temperature of the catalytic component for a predetermined time period thereby restoring reduction activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing alcohols from carbonaceous materials such as biomass. The carbonaceous material, such as biomass, is gasified to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is subjected to a plurality of reactions to produce alcohols having at least four carbon atoms such as butanol and isobutanol.

Abstract: A process for producing alcohols having three carbon atoms from carbonaceous materials such as biomass. The carbonaceous material, such as biomass, is gasified to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is subjected to a plurality of reactions to produce alcohols such as n-propanol and isopropanol.

Abstract: A membrane-integrated hydration reactor that is operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water includes a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst in a production zone and a hydrophilic membrane operable to selectively permit pervaporation of water one-way and not permit pervaporation of the associated alcohol or permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration process conditions in a separations zone. The production zone is operable to form a production zone product mixture made of the associated alcohol and any unreacted water. The associated separations zone is operable to form and produce both the associated alcohol product and a pervaporated water product from the production zone product mixture. A method of olefin hydration for forming an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water uses the membrane-integrated hydration reactor at olefin hydration process conditions.

Abstract: An olefin hydration process and reactor are provided, wherein an integrated membrane selectively removes alcohol product from the reactor, thereby allowing for increased yields.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for coproducting iso-type reaction product and alcohol from olefin, and a method for coproducting using the apparatus, in which the hydroformylation reactor provides a sufficient reaction area due to the broad contact surface area between the olefin and the synthesis gases that are the raw materials by a distributor plate installed in the reactor, and the raw materials can be sufficiently mixed with the reaction mixture due to the circulation of the reaction mixture so that the efficiency of the production of the aldehyde is excellent; and also the hydrogenation reactor suppresses the side reaction so that the efficiency for producing aldehyde and alcohol are all increased, and also iso-type reaction product and alcohol can be efficiently co-produced.

Abstract: Ethane is oxidized to ethylene and/or oxygenates that comprise acetic acid. The acetic acid may be converted to ethanol by hydrogenation. The ethylene may be converted to ethanol by hydration.

Abstract: Processes for the production of an alcohol, esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons are provided. In one embodiment, a process for the production of an alcohol comprises: oligomerizing an olefin or a mixture of olefins having the structural formula Cn-2H2n-3—CH?CH2, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 22, in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst, so as to form a vinylidene containing olefin oligomer; hydroformylating the vinylidene containing olefin oligomer in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst so as to form a hydroformylated olefin oligomer; and dimerizing the hydroformylated olefin oligomer by means of a Guerbet reaction so as to form the alcohol.

Abstract: Convert an alkylene to a product stream that comprises an alkanol by subjecting a gaseous combination of a) an alkylene selected from ethylene, propylene or a combination thereof, b) carbon monoxide, c) hydrogen and, optionally, d) at least one hydrocarbon or gas diluent other than ethylene or propylene to reductive hydroformylation conditions in combination with a solid phase, sulfided, heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reforming converts carbonaceous compounds into a fuel for use in generating electrical power. Energy rich hydrocarbon fuels, such as coal, marine diesel, oils, and hydrocarbon wastes are employed as a feedstock for the ICP, which transforms the feedstock into a fuel that can be used by fuel cells and gas turbines for the production of electricity. The overall efficiency of an ICP-based electrical power system can be increased by providing partial oxidation within the reaction vessel. The partial oxidation conditions consume a small amount of the reformed fuel gas, thereby liberating sufficient thermal energy to reduce the electrical power requirements of the ICP to maintain desired reactor temperatures, and providing an increase in the overall net electrical power production. The integrated power production system can also adjust to meet an increased requirement for process heat and steam by balancing the effect of partial oxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) by direct hydration of propylene over mixed transition metal oxides co-precipitated with ZrO2. In embodiments the mixed metal oxides have improved hydrolytic stability and are active over a wider temperature range than existing direct hydration catalysts.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to the production of alcohols. A first aspect of the invention relates to a process for production of alcohols, and in particular to a process for the catalytic hydration of an olefin to the corresponding alcohol in substantially anhydrous form, under selected mild reaction conditions, and using a selected catalyst. A second aspect of the invention relates to a process for dehydration of an azeotropic mixture, including a first alcohol and water. A hydration reaction between the water in the azeotropic mixture and an added olefin, under selected mild conditions, and using a selected catalyst, produces a product including a second alcohol corresponding to the olefin, and the first alcohol, in substantially anhydrous form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing tert-butanol by reaction of a homogeneous mixture comprising water, tert-butanol and an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture over an acidic ion-exchange resin at from 30 to 120° C., wherein the homogeneous mixture contains, at a proportion by mass of isobutene of above 10%, from 30 to 80% of the maximum amount of water made possible by the solubility of water in the mixture of tert-butanol and the isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture.

Abstract: Discloses a process for efficiently producing a hydroxyl group containing compound with a simple apparatus and simple procedures using a very small amount of a catalyst, which process reduces a catalyst recovering step and a catalyst neutralization step vastly and does not require catalyst regeneration and catalyst exchange. The process for producing a hydroxyl group containing compound comprises allowing an aqueous solution containing 1 ppb to 500 ppm of an acid catalyst to react with an aliphatic double bond having compound in a molar ratio (water/aliphatic double bond having compound) of water to aliphatic double bond having compound of from 1 to 50, at a reaction temperature of from 200 to 600° C. under a reaction pressure of from 1 to 100 MPa and thereby conducting hydration reaction of the aliphatic double bond containing compound with water.

Abstract: A carrier for carrying an osmium oxide comprising an aromatic polyolefin polymer having a group shown by the general formula [1] as a substituent on the aromatic ring of said polyolefin polymer: —A?—O(—A—O)n—R[1] (wherein A is an alkylene group; A? is a direct link or an alkylene group; R is an aryl group; and n is an integer of 1 to 10), an osmium oxide carried by the carrier for carrying an osmium oxide and a method for producing the osmium oxide carried by said carrier are disclosed. Since the osmium oxide carried by the carrier of the present invention has a hydrophilic group, in an oxidation reaction and an asymmetric oxidation reaction, particularly in a heterogeneous solvent system, the osmium oxide carried by the carrier of the present invention enables to produce a diol compound easily and in a high optical yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing tert-butanol (TBA) from isobutene-containing mixtures, in which at least part of the conversion is achieved with the aid of a reactive rectification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing tert-butanol (TBA) by reacting isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures with water over acidic solid catalysts in a plurality of reactors, wherein the conversion is increased upstream of the last reactor by removing a portion of the TBA present in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tert-butanol (TBA) by reacting an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture with water over a solid acid catalyst in a reactor cascade, wherein at least one reactor is supplied alternately with two different isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures, of which one has both a higher tert-butanol content and a higher water content than the other mixture.

Abstract: Tertiary alcohols can be prepared by the hydration of tertiary olefins having the same number of carbon atoms on an acidic ion exchanger using special structured multi-purpose packings for heterogeneous reactive rectification. An excellent yield and purity of the alcohol and an extended service life of the catalyst are achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of isopropyl alcohol from di-isopropyl ether by catalytic distillation. The process solves, in particular, problems associated with the Sulfuric Acid Process.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to the production of alcohols. A first aspect of the invention relates to a process for production of alcohols, and in particular to a process for the catalytic hydration of an olefin to the corresponding alcohol in substantially anhydrous form, under selected mild reaction conditions, and using a selected catalyst. A second aspect of the invention relates to a process for dehydration of an azeotropic mixture, including a first alcohol and water. A hydration reaction between the water in the azeotropic mixture and an added olefin, under selected mild conditions, and using a selected catalyst, produces a product including a second alcohol corresponding to the olefin, and the first alcohol, in substantially anhydrous form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of 3-buten-1-ol by contacting 3,4-epoxy-1-butene and formic acid with a homogeneous catalyst solution comprising a palladium(0) compound, a tertiary phosphine and a trialkylamine dissolved in tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for producing alkadienols comprising the steps of: reacting a conjugated alkadiene with water in a reaction solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst; distilling the obtained reaction mixture so as to separate the reaction solvent from the reaction mixture while directly supplying heated water, steam or a mixture thereof as a heating medium to a distillation column, under the condition that the temperature of a bottom liquid in the distillation column is not higher than 120.degree. C.; and phase-separating bottoms discharged from the bottom of the distillation column.

Abstract: An ethene stream which contains ethane as an impurity or a propene stream which contains propane as an impurity is hydrated with water vapor in the presence of a hydration catalyst to produce ethanol or isopropanol, respectively. After removal of the alcohol the gaseous product stream is subjected to adsorption, thereby producing an ethene-enriched stream or a propene-enriched stream. The ethene-enriched stream or the propene-enriched stream is recycled to the hydration reactor.

Abstract: Linear olefins are converted into the corresponding secondary alcohols by treatment with methyl alcohol and a tertiary alcohol, in the presence of an acidic catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. The product mixture substantially consists of the desired secondary alcohol and of the methyl ether of the charged tertiary alcohol.The reaction products can be easily isolated by fractionation, or, in some instances, the liquid product mixture can be used as such.Of particular interest is the direct hydration of n-butenes using tert-butyl alcohol as the tertiary alcohol. The obtained product mixture can be used as such, as an additive to methanol-containing gasolines for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Heat stabilized catalyst compositions are prepared from nuclear sulfonic acid, for example, macroporous crosslinked polyvinyl aromatic compounds containing sulfonic acid groups are neutralized with a metal of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, ions or mixtures and alkali, alkaline earth metals or ammonium ions by contacting the resin containing the sulfonic acid with aqueous solutions of the metals salts and alkali, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts. The catalysts have at least 50% of the sulfonic acid groups neutralized with metal ions and the balance of the sulfonic acid groups neutralized with alkali, alkaline earth ions or ammonium ions.

Abstract: A method is provided for the continuous production of isopropanol and secondary butyl alcohol by catalytically hydrating the corresponding aliphatic olefin in an elongated reaction vessel in which co-product by-product dialkyl ether is separated from the reaction product and recycled to the reaction mixture being introduced therein at a point between the olefin feed inlet and the product outlet about 5 to 30 percent of the distance before the product outlet.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins in the vapor phase in the presence of water vapor employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising rhenium compounds and complexes, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins by vapor phase oxidation of the olefin in the presence of water vapor, and optionally in the additional presence of molecular oxygen employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd and La and compounds and complexes thereof, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of isopropanol and tertiary butyl alcohol from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises dehydrogenation of paraffins and direct hydration of the resulting olefins. Fractional distillation steps are employed between the dehydrogenation and dehydration zones and in the recycle stream to recover unconverted hydrocarbons leaving the hydration zone. This accommodates different hydration rates and prevents the passage of propylene into the dehydrogenation zone. In an alternative embodiment, the feed stream comprises olefins and is fed to the fractionation system. The dehydrogenation zone may be deleted from this embodiment.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed for the production of lower alcohols and LPG from a mixture of C.sub.3 -minus paraffins and olefins. The feed stream is passed into a hydration zone wherein portions of the ethylene and propylene are converted to ethanol and propanol. The hydrocarbons which are not hydrated are passed into a hydrogenation zone wherein the remaining olefins are converted to paraffins. The feed stream is preferably a hydrogen-containing C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 cut separated from the effluent of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Secondary alcohols are produced by the hydration of a n-olefin substantially free from an isoolefin in the presence as catalyst of an acidic cation exchange resin such as a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and in the presence of an oxy acid or lactone thereof such as .gamma.-valerolactone. The process is especially useful for hydrating a n-butene feed or a feed consisting essentially of n-butenes and butane to produce secondary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of alkanols and/or ethers at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound and pentachlorobenzenethiol and/or salts thereof, using a pentachlorobenzenethiol compound: Group VIII metal compound molar ratio of not more than 10. The process is of special interest for the production of methyl acetate from methanol using an active, iodine-free catalytic system.

Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons may be hydrated to form corresponding alcohols by treating said olefins with water in the presence of an acidic compound which acts as a catalyst, said hydration reaction being effected at a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 1 to about 100 atmospheres. In addition, the reaction medium also contains a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, barium, beryllium and radium, said metal salts suppressing the corrosive nature of the acid catalyst and thus permitting the reaction to be effected in normal metal reactors.

Abstract: Tertiary alcohols are produced by the hydration of an isoolefin in the presence as catalyst of an acidic cation exchange resin such as a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, and a polyhydric neo-type alcohol such as neopentyl glycol. The process is useful for separating isobutylene from a hydrocarbon mixture containing its isomers via preparation of the alcohol, separation from the unreacted hydrocarbons and dehydration of the tertiary butyl alcohol to isobutylene.

Abstract: Tertiary alcohols are produced by the hydration of an isoolefin in the presence as catalyst of an acidic cation exchange resin such as a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and in the presence of an oxy acid or lactone thereof such as .gamma.-valerolactone. The process is useful for separating isobutylene from a hydrocarbon mixture containing its isomers via preparation of the alcohol, separation from the unreacted hydrocarbons and dehydration of the tertiary butyl alcohol to isobutylene.

Abstract: A process for producing tert-butanol by selective hydration of isobutylene in a hydrocarbon mixture comprising isobutylene and n-butene where an aqueous solution is used which contains a heteropolyacid, characterized in that the hydration reaction of isobutylene is carried out at a temperature of less than 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Olefins such as ethylene and propylene are hydrated in the liquid phase at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure to the corresponding alkanols in an aqueous reaction medium containing a catalytically effective amount of at least one substantially water-insoluble olefin hydration catalyst in the form of solid particles substantially uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: An isoolefin is converted to a ketone, e.g., isobutylene to methyl ethyl ketone, by an oxidative rearrangement in a two-phase diluent system in the presence of free oxygen, a suitable surfactant, and a catalyst system comprising palladium, copper, and an alkali or alkaline earth metal chloride.

Abstract: An improved process for hydrating with liquid water over a solid catalyst and with a liquid solvent a liquid iso-olefin selected from the group consisting of C.sub.4 iso-olefins and C.sub.5 iso-olefins to form a corresponding product alcohol in the liquid state. The improvement comprises maintaining the liquid iso-olefins, the solvent, and the water in a single liquid phase in order to increase the conversion percentage of the iso-olefin to the corresponding alcohol.