Abstract: The invention is a method to purify tertiary butyl alcohol by contact with at least two solid adsorbents comprising aluminum oxide and a large pore zeolite such as zeolite X. The purification method successfully improves product quality and reduces the amount of impurities in the tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides the adsorbent which adsorbs the aldehyde efficiently for a long period. The present invention also includes an adsorption device, an article and a method using the same. The adsorbent of the invention comprises a zeolite, wherein the zeolite has NH4+ as ionic species; a crystal structure of ZSM-5 or ferrierite; a molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 from 30 to 190; and the zeolite retains a quarternary ammonium salt which adsorbs the aldehyde with the reaction of the aldehyde. In the case of a formaldehyde, the zeolite has NH4+ as ionic species.

Abstract: The process for removing impurities from a liquid by contact with a solid adsorbent using parallel contact adsorbent beds such that when one bed is contacting the liquid the parallel bed is being regenerated by contact with heated inert gas, wherein during changeover of the beds inert gas is transferred from the regenerated bed to the spent bed during the period that liquid is being drained from the spent bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to purification of a tertiary butyl alcohol process stream by contact in the liquid phase with a large pore zeolite such as 13X in the sodium form.

Abstract: The liquid and gaseous products formed by reacting oxygen with isobutane in an oxidation reactor are separately processed; the liquid reaction product being charged to a distillation zone and separated into a lower boiling isobutane fraction and a higher boiling fraction comprising tertiary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide; the gaseous reaction product comprising inert gases and vaporized and/or entrained isobutane being cooled by an amount sufficient to condense isobutane contained therein for recycle to the oxidation reactor; the remaining gases, including isobutane being charged to a tertiary butyl alcohol absorber to obtain a solution of isobutane in tertiary butyl alcohol that is recycled to the distillation zone.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for separating at least a first component from a second component of at least a first stream within a single vessel having at least one distillation zone and an adsorption zone. The invention may be applied to separates an alcohol from a mixture of the alcohol and water, such as separating isopropyl alcohol from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. The invention may be applied to more complex systems such as separating isopropyl alcohol and separating diisopropyl ether from the effluents of each reactor of a two-stage diisopropyl ether production process. The benefit of the invention is a high purity separation process at reduced capital equipment costs.

Abstract: Methanol can be substantially removed from dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/methanol mixtures by absorption on ion exchange resins. The enriched DMC is obtained as filtrate. The absorption is carried out at from -50.degree. C. to +100.degree. C. and 0.1-10 bar.

Abstract: The light alcohol component of exhaust gases from such commercial operations as paint spraying booths and printing presses is found to be selectively adsorbed, even under high relative humidity conditions, to a surprisingly high degree using bonded high-silica zeolite agglomerates which have been calcined only once to remove the organic templating agent present in the as-synthesized form of the zeolite. Under certain conditions of alcohol concentration and relative humidity, the capacity of the once-calcined zeolite for alcohol adsorption is nearly twice as great as the same zeolite which has been calcined more than once at temperatures high enough to decompose and remove the organic moieties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing impurities contained in a teritary butyl alcohol feedstock. The process involves contacting the feedstock with an iron (II) compound such as iron (II) chloride, under an inert atmosphere at elevated pressures and temperatures for a time sufficient to reduce the peroxides to alcohols and oxidize the iron (II) to iron (III). The iron (II) compound is added in a homogeneous phase which, after reaction has occurred, gives a mixture of the treated teritary butyl alcohol, iron (III) compound and any residual iron (II) compound. The iron (III) and any iron (II) compounds are separated from the product by contacting the mixture with a cation exchange column.

Abstract: A method for separating water by pervaporation from a liquid mixture comprising isopropanol and water, which comprises (a) heating the liquid mixture, then supplying the heated mixture to a pervaporation membrane module unit using a polyimide-type separating membrane to conduct separation of the liquid mixture, recycling a part or whole of the liquid not permeated through the membrane to a feed liquid mixture, supplying a fresh feed liquid mixture to an optional place in the circulation route, and withdrawing the liquid mixture from an optional place in the circulation route, (b) controlling the amount of the liquid to be recycled among the liquid not permeated through the membrane to a level of at least 10 times by volume the amount of the fresh feed liquid mixture, and (c) controlling the difference between the liquid temperature at the inlet of the membrane module unit and the liquid temperature at the outlet of the membrane module unit to a level of at most 20.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing peroxide impurities contained in a tertiary butyl alcohol feedstock. The process involves contacting the feedstock with an iron (II) compound such as iron (II) chloride, under an inert atmosphere at elevated pressures and temperatures for a time sufficient to reduce the peroxides to alcohols and oxidize the iron (II) to iron (III). The iron (II) compound may be added in a homogeneous phase or it may be deposited on a support. When the iron (II) is added as a homogeneous phase, it is separated from the product by contacting the mixture with a cation exchange column. Finally, when a supported iron (II) compound is used, the process may be run in a batch or continuous mode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process and apparatus for synthetically producing .sup.15 O-labeled butanol for position emission tomography. A procedure and apparatus have been developed for the routine rapid and sequential synthesis of oxygen-15 labeled butanol in the amounts and with the purity suitable for use in clinical position tomography. This procedure can replace oxygen-15 labeled water which is more commonly used for routine application, as well as the prior art processes for producing oxygen-15 labeled butanol.

Abstract: A process for preparing motor fuel grade alcohol wherein an ethanol fermentation reactor effluent is distilled to produce an overhead product comprising 10 to about 40 mole percent ethanol and a bottom product comprising the non-alcoholic components. The motor fuel grade alcohol is recovered in high yield from the ethanol/water overhead product mixture in a liquid phase cyclic selective adsorption process which comprises a plurality of adsorption columns operated in cycle in a predetermined time sequence, each adsorption column containing an adsorbent, wherein each respective adsorption column undergoes successive steps of adsorption, desorption and rinsing.

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with silver in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of grain oil, dehydrated alcohol, grain protein and starch, is disclosed. The invention comprises the steps of (a) drying cracked grain, (b) leaching the dried grain with an ethanol solution of 90 to 100% w/v ethanol and recovering dehydrated alcohol and grain oil, (c) extracting the residue of step (b) with a second ethanol solution containing NaOH and recovering food grade protein, and (d) separating starch and fiber from the residue of step (c) by starch hydrolysis or by grinding the residue and separating the starch and fiber by a screen and/or centrifuge.

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with palladium in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: The present invention involves a process for removing water from mixtures of alcohols and water by contacting such a mixture with an ion exchange resin of either the cation or anion type. Prior to use for alcohol dehydration, the ion exchange resin itself is dehydrated if necessary or desired by contacting it with methanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone or other like low molecular weight hydrophilic solvents. After use for alcohol dehydration, the ion exchange resin is regenerated by contacting it with these regenerating agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-ethyl-2-prenyl-3-hexenol, its preparation by the reduction of 2-ethyl-2-prenyl-3-hexenal, and its use as an aromatic substance by itself or as an ingredient in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: A process providing continuous or quasi-continuous sorption uses at least three fixed bed sorbent zones connectable in series by pipes, for the passage of a liquid phase containing a component to be sorbed. The approach of saturation of one or more of the zones is detected, e.g., using temperature sensors, and regeneration of the saturated zone or zones is initiated using hot gas. Compared to conventional sorption processes, energy savings, especially as regards energy consumed in blowing the hot gas through the fixed bed zone, are obtainable.

Abstract: A process for liquid-phase separation of ethylene glycol from mixtures containing propylene glycol by selective adsorption on at least one aluminosilicate zeolite selected from the group consisting of X zeolite, Y zeolite, and A zeolite is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for removing minor amounts of isopropyl alcohol from a process stream primarily comprising tertiary butyl alcohol. The separation of isopropyl alcohol from tertiary butyl alcohol is accomplished by providing an adsorbent comprising asymetric apertures greater than five angstroms in length, and less than five angstroms in width. Preferably, a carbonaceous adsorbent comprising such apertures is utilized to effect the separation of isopropyl alcohol from tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of ethanol from an ethanol containing water solution, wherein the ethanol containing solution is extracted by means of a solvent which is in the liquid or supercritical state, the ethanol containing solvent phase is separated into its components by being conducted over an adsorption medium without changing the pressure or temperature, and the ethanol is recovered by treating the ethanol containing adsorption medium with the solvent used for the extraction at a pressure from 1 to 30 bar and at a temperature from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: In a fixed-bed vapor phase adsorption cycle for bulk separations wherein the heat front generated by the exothermic heat of adsorption is maintained in the bed either in or behind the mass transfer zone, and is subsequently utilized in the purge desorption/regeneration of the bed, improved efficiency and enhanced versatility with respect to the degree of product purity is obtained by treating the regeneration purge gas with a portion of the purified product.

Abstract: A process of extracting vegetable oil and fat from an oleaginous raw material which comprises the steps of obtaining flakes having a moisture content of from 0.7 to 10 weight % from an oleaginous raw material; contacting the flakes with an ethanol solution containing not less than 90 weight % ethanol at a temperature in the range of from 70.degree. C. to the boiling point of the ethanol solution, thereby obtaining a miscella; cooling the miscella, thereby obtaining vegetable oil or fat and a separate defatted miscella; drying the defatted miscella with a molecular sieve material having a pore size of from 3 .ANG. to 4 .ANG., thereby obtaining a second ethanol solution wherein the second ethanol contains less than 7 weight % water; and using the ethanol solution obtained in the drying step as the ethanol solution of the contacting step in a second extraction.

Abstract: Purified isopropanol is obtained from a crude reaction mixture by removing high boiling oils with activated carbon, extraction with a high boiling solvent and distillation with energy saving use of distillation vapors to heat successive distillation steps. Recyle of components also improves the overall economics of the process.

Abstract: Aqueous ethanol and other lower alkanol water mixtures may be dehydrated in the gas or liquid phase by using carbon molecular sieves. These sieves preferentially adsorb water and recovery of absolute ethanol or other absolute alkanol is achieved. Absolute ethanol produced from this process may be used in the manufacture of gasohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying, by treatment with an acid ion exchanger and, if desired, a basic ion exchanger, the methanol employed in the preparation of formaldehyde.

Abstract: An oxygenated organic compound, such as ethanol, is recovered from a dilute aqueous stream thereof by contacting said stream with crosslinked polyvinylpyridine resin or nuclear substituted derivative thereof to effect selective sorption of the compound by said resin. The sorbed compound is thereafter removed from the resin by stripping with an inert gas such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for regenerating adsorbents used in an integrated process for the production of ethers such as methyl tertiary butyl ether by the reaction of an alcohol with an isoolefin. The sorbents are used to remove such compounds as the product ether and the feed alcohol from a hydrocarbon recycle stream withdrawn from the etherification zone. The regeneration procedure includes contacting the sorbent with a portion of the treated hydrocarbon stream. The resultant contaminated hydrocarbon stream is passed into a stripping column used to remove light ends from the effluent of a dehydrogenation zone in which the isoolefin fed to the etherification zone is produced. The hydrocarbonaceous compounds collected on the sorbent are thus recycled rather than being destroyed or lost in low purity effluent streams. The contaminated hydrocarbon stream may also be passed directly into the etherification zone.

Abstract: Pure tert.-olefins are prepared from mixtures of hydrocarbons, which contain at least one such tert.-olefin, by reaction with an alkanol to give the corresponding alkyl tert.-alkyl ethers, and subsequent cleavage of these ethers back to the corresponding pure tert.-olefins and the alkanol, and the separation of the pure tert.-olefin from the alkanol. For this, the alkanol present after the cleavage of the ether is separated from the tert.-olefin to the extent of 60 to 99% by weight by distillation, and the residual amount of alcohol in the olefin fraction is removed by adsorption from this fraction onto a synthetic ion exchanger as an absorber resin. The admixture of the alkanol to the mixture of hydrocarbons with at least one tert.-olefin is carried out partly by using the alkanol fraction arising from the separating off of the pure tert.-olefin, and partly by desorption of the alkanol from the absorber resin with the aid of the mixture of hydrocarbons containing at least 1 tert.-olefin.

Abstract: Standard activated carbons have been commonly employed in the purification of contaminated glycol scrubbing solutions used in a liquid-liquid extraction process for the manufacture of petrochemicals. These carbons are shown to cause a depression of pH within the glycol stream when a new carbon type is installed or when the exhausted carbon is replaced. The use of a magnesite containing activated carbon minimizes this pH drop to acceptable levels.

Abstract: Chromatographic separation of mixtures containing low molecular weight alcohols, ethylene glycol, phenol and water are made in the liquid and gas phase using as a column packing a unique crystalline silica polymorph, synthesized hydrothermally from a reaction system containing silica, water, an alkylonium base and fluoride anions.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating an oxygenated fuel composition comprising at least one gasoline blending hydrocarbon component, isopropanol and water by contacting the composition with HSPAN.

Abstract: An efficient fixed-bed vapor-phase adsorption cycle for bulk separations wherein the heat front generated by the exothermic heat of adsorption is maintained in the bed either in or behind the mass transfer zone, and is subsequently used in the desorption/regeneration step. The cycle is especially useful in drying mixtures of water and compounds which form azeotropes with water as well as the azeotropes themselves, such as 190-proof ethanol.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol from isobutylene comprising reacting isobutylene or a hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutylene with an aqueous solution of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a solid, acidic ion-exchange resin as catalyst, to produce an aqueous reaction mixture of a major amount of tertiary butyl alcohol and a minor amount of the tertiary butyl ester of the carboxylic acid comprising the improved steps of:(1) subjecting said reaction mixture to distillation to remove unreacted isobutylene or hydrocarbon mixture therefrom;(2) supplying the treated reaction mixture of step (1) to a distillation column and passing water from the top to the bottom of said distillation column to remove said tertiary butyl ester of the carboxylic acid, wherein the amount of water used for removing the ester in step (2) is less than the sum of the amount of water used for converting said isobutylene into tertiary butyl alcohol and the amount of

Abstract: Organic liquid-water solutions, such as 5-30 W % alcohol in water, are separated efficiently in a two-stage adsorption process using a bed of selected adsorbent material in each stage to produce a concentrated organic product. Each adsorbent is selected to effectively adsorb the minor component from the feed solution and thus provide a dehydrated alcohol product. In the first-stage adsorber bed, activated carbon is used to selectively adsorb the alcohol, after which the desorbed alcohol vapor is passed to a second-stage adsorber bed of molecular sieve adsorbent for virtually complete removal of the remaining water. The process provides a dehydrated alcohol liquid product preferably containing less than about 2 W % water, and requires low energy usage.

Abstract: Ethanol is recovered from a dilute aqueous stream thereof by contacting said stream with crosslinked polyvinylpyridine resin or nuclear substituted derivative thereof to effect selective sorption of the ethanol by said resin. Sorbed ethanol is thereafter removed from the resin by stripping with an inert gas such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for dehydrating liquid phase ethanol in an adsorber unit containing at least two towers that cycle between adsorption and desorption cycles, characterized in the desorption cycle by an indirect heating volatilization of absorbed and adsorbed liquid at ambient pressures, and by a final stages desorption under sub-atmospheric pressures. In preferred practice, an inert sweep gas at sub-atmospheric pressures assists in removal of vapors evolved in the final stages of the desorption cycle.

Abstract: A method for dehydration and/or enrichment of aqueous alcohol mixtures wherein the mixtures in the vapor state are contacted with a dehydration agent which is composed of cellulose, caboxymethylcellulose, cornmeal, cracked corn, corn cobs, wheat straw, bagasse, starch, hemicellulose, wood chips, other grains, other agricultural residues or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An adsorptive separation process for separating ethanol from a feed mixture comprising ethanol and water, which process comprises contacting the feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising esterified silica selectively adsorbing substantially all of the ethanol to be separated to the substantial exclusion of the water and thereafter recovering high purity ethanol. A desorption step may be used to desorb the adsorbed ethanol.

Abstract: Ethanol may be separated from a feed mixture comprising ethanol and water by contacting said feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising a shaped replication of particle aggregates comprising carbonaceous pyropolymers containing recurring units of at least carbon and hydrogen atoms at a temperature in the range of from about 20.degree. to about 230.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric to about 500 psig, selectively adsorbing substantially all of the ethanol to the substantial exclusion of water and thereafter recovering high purity ethanol by passing a desorbing material over the adsorbent.

Abstract: Molecular sieves used for dehydration are regenerated with methanol or acetone.

Abstract: Relatively dilute aqueous solutions of ethanol are concentrated by passage through a bed of a crystalline silica polymorph, such as silicalite, to adsorb the ethanol with residual dilute feed in contact with the bed, which is displaced by passing concentrated aqueous ethanol through the bed without displacing the adsorbed ethanol. A product concentrate is then obtained by removing the adsorbed ethanol from the bed together with at least a portion of the concentrated aqueous ethanol used as the displacer liquid. This process permits ethanol to be concentrated from dilute fermentation beers, which may contain from 6 to 10% ethanol, to obtain a concentrate product at very low energy cost having an ethanol concentration in excess of 95%, such as a concentration of from 98 to 99.5%.

Abstract: Process for dehydrating aqueous ethanol, utilizing a high-pressure distillation (with a single distillation column) of an aqueous ethanol admixture (preferably one derived from a conventional ethanol fermentation process), to achieve a vapor phase ethanol-water admixture containing about 90 percent, by weight, of ethanol, and then drying the vaporous admixture, in the presence of CO.sub.2, with a crystalline zeolite type 3A, utilizing the "pressure energy" derived from the distillation to allow the product ethanol to condense at ambient temperatures, and then, if desired, employing the resultant dried ethanol product in the production of gasohol.

Abstract: Methods for deodorizing lower alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and their oxy derivatives such as ethers and esters are disclosed, including contacting these compounds with a deodorizing contact mass comprising, on a support, metals and/or metal oxides, preferably of the metals of Group IB, VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table, where the metal oxides are at least partially reduced to metal and the deodorizing contact mass has a minimum particle dimension of greater than about 0.254 mm so as to be in a form suitable for use in a fixed bed contacting process. In a preferred embodiment, isopropyl alcohol is deodorized employing such deodorizing contact masses, preferably comprising Group VIII metals such as nickel, iron, cobalt and the like, on a support, so that the contact mass has a surface area less than about 1,500 m.sup.2 per gram.

Abstract: A process for recovering propene and propene/propane mixtures from the off-gases obtained from the hydroformylation of propene involves contacting the off-gases with a liquid absorbent comprising at least one of the liquid substances formed during the hydroformylation of propene to absorb the propene and propane and thereafter desorbing these gases from said liquid substances.

Abstract: The isomers of synthetic insect sex pheromones or their precursors are separated by selectively forming an inclusion complex with the E-isomer and urea or thiourea. In order for the E-isomer complex to form selectively it is necessry that the mono-olefin which forms the complex have a primary, linear chain of at least 7 atoms, a molecular diameter of 2.8-6A, and a polar functional group having transverse dimensions of less than 6A. Branching between the olefinic bond and the polar functional group is limited to methyl groups.

Abstract: A non-allergenic lanolin or a derivative thereof which does not contain any substances which have an Rf value of less than 0.38 with a chloroform solvent or less than 0.14 with a benzene solvent, in thin layer chromatography using magnesium silicate having a thickness of 0.25 mm as the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a lower allergenic lanolin or derivative thereof by liquid-liquid extracting lanolin or its derivative with a non-polar hydrocarbon solvent and a mixed solvent of water with a lower alcohol. The non-polar hydrocarbon solvent extract is then recovered.

Abstract: A process for removing at least a substantial portion of at least one contaminant from a fluid containing said at least one contaminant and at least one dehydration sensitive compound without causing substantial dehydration of said dehydration sensitive compound, said at least one contaminant being selected from the group consisting of water and nitrogen compounds having the formula XNH.sub.2 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear alkyl radicals having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; which comprises contacting said fluid with a suitable base treated molecular sieve having an effective pore diameter in the range of about 2 to about 6 Angstrom units.