Abstract: A system and method for removing organic carboxylates from a mono ethylene glycol (“MEG”) stream includes a reaction vessel; means for cooling and diluting the MEG stream being routed to the reaction vessel; means for acidifying the cooled and diluted MEG stream during its residence time within the reaction vessel; and means for removing an acetic-rich overhead stream from the reaction vessel. The acidification of the cooled and diluted MEG stream occurs under a vacuum. The reaction vessel may be located downstream of a calcium removal vessel and receive a filtered bottom stream from that vessel, or it may be a single reaction vessel that cycles between a calcium removal mode and an acetate removal mode, with the pressure of the single vessel being greater during the calcium removal mode than during the acetate removal mode.

Abstract: A method and system for precipitation and separation of carboxylic acid salts from a hydrate inhibitor solution is disclosed. The method comprises lowering the solubility of the carboxylic acid salts to force precipitation of carboxylic acid salts and separation of the precipitated carboxylic acid salts from the hydrate inhibitor solution.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for desulphurizing a feed comprising oxygen-containing compounds, hydrocarbon-containing compounds and organic sulphur-containing compounds, by capturing sulphur on a capture mass comprising iron oxides or zinc oxides and more than 20% by weight of zinc ferrite. The process is operated in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature in the range 200° C. to 400° C.

Abstract: Method for producing fatty alcohols includes splitting vegetable oils and animal fats under pressure into fatty acids and glycerol in counterflow to steam. The reaction product is physically separated into fatty acids and sweet water containing glycerol. The fatty acids are subjected to a distillation, and the separated fatty acid fraction is mixed together with fatty alcohol at 230 to 270° C. and atmospheric pressure. The wax esters obtained by esterification are hydrogenated to fatty alcohols by adding hydrogen on a fixed-bed catalyst, and the reaction product is separated into fatty alcohols and hydrogen. The wax esters are hydrogenated on a fixed bed of uniformly shaped catalyst bodies produced by extrusion, which consist of the main components copper and copper-chromium oxide and the secondary components zinc, aluminum, iron, silicon and alkaline earth elements, at 180 to 220° C. and 70 to 100 bar(a).

Abstract: The seeding of calcium carbonate into a calcium chloride-contaminated monoethylene glycol (MEG) stream accelerates the growth of calcium carbonate particles to a size that enhances their removal from the stream by filtration. A seeding vessel allows the calcium carbonate particles a time period to grow. Sodium carbonate may be added to the contaminated stream to facilitate calcium carbonate particle growth. A recycle seeding conduit may recycle seeds from a filtration unit to the seeding vessel. A base such as sodium hydroxide may be added to accelerate the precipitation process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of alcohol from its aqueous solution by dissolving caustic in the solution to generate a phase separation. One layer contains the alcohol product and the other layer waste water. By recovering and recycling the caustic, a self-contained process is realized.

Abstract: A method including: (a) contacting lime with an extract including an S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load to form a lime treated extract; and (b) reducing the contaminant load by removing solids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying an aqueous solution of fermentation alcohol to give anhydrous alcohol, wherein a mash column is controlled such a manner that an alcohol concentration of an alcohol/water mixed vapor distilled from a mash column is less than 50% by weight and a reflux amount of a condensate to a distillation column is controlled such a manner that an alcohol concentration of an alcohol/water mixed vapor that is distilled from the distillation column is 65 to 85% by weight. According to the present method, the purification for obtaining an anhydrous alcohol from an aqueous solution of a fermentation alcohol with the use of a mash column, a distillation column, an evaporator and a membrane separator can be more conveniently carried out with an extremely high energy efficiency as the whole process.

Abstract: The seeding of calcium carbonate into a calcium chloride-contaminated monoethylene glycol (MEG) stream accelerates the growth of calcium carbonate particles to a size that enhances their removal from the stream by filtration. A seeding vessel allows the calcium carbonate particles a time period to grow. Sodium carbonate may be added to the contaminated stream to facilitate calcium carbonate particle growth. A recycle seeding conduit may recycle seeds from a filtration unit to the seeding vessel. A base such as sodium hydroxide may be added to accelerate the precipitation process.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly active catalyst for producing an unsaturated oxygen-containing compound from an alkane and the catalyst comprising Mo, V, Ti and Sb or Te as the indispensable active components. The preferable catalyst is represented by formula (1) or (2) as shown below, Mo1.0VaTibXcYdOe??(1) Mo1.0VaTibXcYdZfOe??(2) wherein X represents Sb or Te; Y represents Nb, W or Zr; Z represents Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca or Sr; a, b, c, d, e and f represent atomic ratios of their respective elements, with 0<a<0.7, 0<b<0.3, 0<c<0.7, 0?d<0.3, 0<f<0.1; e is a number determined by oxidation states of the other elements than oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for the preparation of a unique profile of primary aliphatic alcohols, having 24 to 30 carbon atoms, from the wax secreted by the insect Ericerus pela. Included in the present invention is the composition of matter, referred to herein as “polycosanol” produced by the method of this invention. The polycosanol composition is comprised primarily of the four primary aliphatic alcohols, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and triacontanol. Further included in this invention is the use of said composition of matter for the prevention and treatment of obesity, syndrome X, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic complications, ischemia and thrombosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for the preparation of a unique profile of primary aliphatic alcohols, having 24 to 30 carbon atoms, from the wax secreted by the insect Ericerus pela. Included in the present invention is the composition of matter, referred to herein as “polycosanol” produced by the method of this invention. The polycosanol composition is comprised primarily of the four primary aliphatic alcohols, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and triacontanol. Further included in this invention is the use of said composition of matter for the prevention and treatment of obesity, syndrome X, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic complications, ischemia and thrombosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for the preparation of a unique profile of primary aliphatic alcohols, having 24 to 30 carbon atoms, from the wax secreted by the insect Ericerus pela. Included in the present invention is the composition of matter, referred to herein as “polycosanol” produced by the method of this invention. The polycosanol composition is comprised primarily of the four primary aliphatic alcohols, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and triacontanol. Further included in this invention is the use of said composition of matter for the prevention and treatment of obesity, syndrome X, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic complications, ischemia and thrombosis.

Abstract: A process for obtaining glycols of low aldehyde content in which the plant used to obtain the glycol(s) is surface-treated, in whole or in part, with at least one reductive phosphorus compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the purification of polyether polyols. This process enables the removal of residual alkaline metal catalyst from produced polyether polyol. It comprises a) adding glycerine to a polyether polyol that contains Group IA alkaline metal catalyst to form a precipitate, and b) separating the precipitate formed in a) to provide a purified polyether polyol. The present invention also relates to the purified polyether polyol produced by this process, the precipitate produced by this process, and the use of the precipitate as an alkaline metal catalyst in a process for the production of polyether polyols.

Abstract: A mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols of 22 to 38 carbon atoms can be obtained by saponifying and extracting steps with organic solvents from sugar cane wax. The mixture which contains tetracosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, nonacosanol, triacontanol, dotriacontanol and tetratriacontanol can be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerotic complications as platelet hyperaggregabiulity, ischemia and thrombosis, and prevents drug induced gastric ulcer and improves male sexual activity.

Abstract: A mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols of 22 to 38 carbon atoms can be obtained by saponifying and extracting steps with organic solvents from sugar cane wax. The mixture which contains tetracosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, nonacosanol, triacontanol, dotriacontanol and tetratriacontanol can be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerotic complications as platelet hyperaggregabiulity, ischemia and thrombosis, and prevents drug induced gastric ulcer and improves male sexual activity.

Abstract: A method for removing hydrogen cyanide from a hydrogen cyanide-contaminated organic liquid includes the steps of contacting the hydrogen cyanide-contaminated organic liquid with a metal alkoxide to generate a metal cyanide salt and an alkanol and then separating the organic liquid from the metal cyanide salt and the alkanol.

Abstract: A method, especially applicable on a continuous basis to commercial process streams, for treating unwanted by-products and/or impurities contained in those streams. The method comprises the reaction in situ of such by-products or impurities with a reagent, preferably selected for its reactivity under ambient conditions of the process stream, to produce one or more materials which may then be separated from the process by economical means. The treated stream may be recycled to the process for further processing. While the method is not limited as to the process to which it is applied nor to the reagent or reagents used, in one convenient embodiment, formaldehyde in aqueous solution is reacted with an alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite to produce the corresponding salt, which may then be separated essentially completely by, e.g., distillation or membrane separation, etc., or its concentration in the process may be controlled by, e.g., continuous removal of a purge stream, etc.

Abstract: A method for the extraction of lower alcohols from aqueous solutions by contacting said solutions with various phosphine oxides, in the presence or absence of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for thermochemically converting a carbohydrate material into ethanol wherein the carbohydrate material and a metal salt are reacted at elevated temperature to form an intermediate carbohydrate complex salt and/or a lactate metal salt which then is pyrolyzed in the presence of water into ethanol. Preferred carbohydrate materials for the process are various sugars and the metal salt preferably is a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate. The intermediate complex and/or lactate salt may be separated from its aqueous reaction mixture prior to its pyrolysis to reduce the ultimate separation of ethanol from water. Alternatively, the metal of the metal salt may be one whose carbonate decomposes to metal oxide and carbon dioxide during the pyrolysis step of the process to generate said metal salt in situ.

Abstract: Organosulfur compounds containing a C-S bond are decomposed by reaction with a reagent made from an alkali metal, a polyglycol or a monoalkyl ether thereof and oxygen, which effects decomposition by cleavage of the C-S bond.

Abstract: Ethanol is recovered from fermentation products by a countercurrent extraction process which employs diethyl ether as the extraction solvent to form a diethyl ether-ethanol mixture. The ethanol is salted out by adding calcium chloride to the mixture, and the diethyl ether layer is separated and recycled. The calcium chloride in ethanol solution is removed by adding sodium carbonate to form the solids calcium carbonate and sodium chloride which are removed by filtration. The ethanol is recovered as the filtrate.

Abstract: To reduce the amount of high quality energy utilized in removing water from a dilute ethanol solution, a two-stage process is used. The first stage removes eighty-five percent of the water using a low temperature apparatus and process and the remainder of the energy is removed by any of the other conventional processes. In the first stage, anhydrous sodium sulfate is dissolved in a dilute aqueous solution of 10 weight percent alcohol at approximately thirty degrees centrigrade. The solution is cooled to approximately twenty degrees centrigrade, at which temperature decahydrate crystals of sodium sulfate precipitate from the solution are removed. The solution is increased to a value in excess of 45% of alcohol which requires removal of approximately 82 percent of the water in the form of crystals. The crystals are dried to the anhydrous state at substantially room temperature and reused.

Abstract: A process for removing at least a substantial portion of at least one contaminant from a fluid containing said at least one contaminant and at least one dehydration sensitive compound without causing substantial dehydration of said dehydration sensitive compound, said at least one contaminant being selected from the group consisting of water and nitrogen compounds having the formula XNH.sub.2 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear alkyl radicals having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; which comprises contacting said fluid with a suitable base treated molecular sieve having an effective pore diameter in the range of about 2 to about 6 Angstrom units.

Abstract: Covers a method of separating a nonionic surfactant from an anionic surfactant by use of methylal.