Abstract: Dissolved oxygen in alcohol is efficiently removed with a simple configuration. Device for removing dissolved oxygen in alcohol has a hydrogen-occluding metal catalyst in which hydrogen is occluded, the catalyst being charged in a device. Dissolved oxygen is removed from alcohol that contains the dissolved oxygen by bringing the alcohol into contact with the hydrogen-occluding metal catalyst. A method of removing dissolved oxygen in alcohol has removing dissolved oxygen from alcohol that contains the dissolved oxygen by bringing the alcohol into contact with a hydrogen-occluding metal catalyst which occludes hydrogen.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe absolute alcohol of high quality free from an off-odor and a method for producing the same. The present invention provides a method for producing an absolute alcohol containing not more than 0.4 mg/L of acetal by subjecting a raw material alcohol to a zeolite membrane treatment, the raw material alcohol being obtained by distilling a crude alcohol, and having an alcohol concentration of not less than 95 v/v %, and the raw material alcohol containing not more than 5 mg/L of acetaldehyde and not more than 60 mg/L of a total amount of organic impurities. According to the present invention, an absolute alcohol can be produced, which absolute alcohol is highly safe to the human body and has a quality that no off-odor is felt by human senses. In addition, the contents of diacetyl and crotonaldehyde in the raw material alcohol may be set at levels not more than particular values, respectively.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming zeolite membranes in internal surfaces of a plurality of conduits in a cylindrical porous ceramic monolith, the conduits extending from one end of the monolith to the other, said method including a step of: flowing a pre-treatment liquid including a zeolite initiating agent into the conduits; causing at least part of a carrier liquid component of the treatment liquid to flow from the conduits into and through the body of the monolith to the exterior; and causing zeolite crystals to be deposited in the porous internal surfaces of the conduits as the carrier liquid component flows into the monolith.

Abstract: Catalytic reactions conducted during acid digestion of cellulose materials, including paper, a wide range of grasses including prairie grass, switch grass, pine wood sawdust, bagasse dried after sugar cane processing, cotton, waste cellulose products and starch materials, are taught for direct conversion to ethanol. The cellulose material is thoroughly wet in concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of transition metal complexes possessing a degree of symmetry. Ethanol formed during the reaction can be removed by distillation affording a continuous process.

Abstract: Higher trialkylaluminum compounds may be made by forming ?-olefin by oligomerizing ethylene using a transition metal containing catalyst, reacting the ?-olefins formed with a lower trialkylaluminum compound to form higher trialkylaluminum compound(s) These may optionally be oxidized, as with oxygen, to form higher trialkoxyaluminum compound, which in turn may be hydrolyzed to ?-alcohols. In one variation of the process lower ?-olefins and higher (relatively) ?-alcohols may be formed and isolated. Higher trialkylaluminum compounds and ?-alcohols are useful as chemical intermediates, while lower ?-olefins are useful as monomers for polyolefins.

Abstract: Higher trialkylaluminum compounds may be made by forming &agr;-olefin by oligomerizing ethylene using a transition metal containing catalyst, reacting the &agr;-olefins formed with aluminum and hydrogen to form higher trialkylaluminum compounds. These may optionally be oxidized, as with oxygen, to form higher trialkoxyaluminum compound, which in turn may be hydrolyzed to &agr;-alcohols. Higher trialkylaluminum compounds and &agr;-alcohols are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: An improved process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides to form a decomposition reaction mixture containing the corresponding alcohol and ketone. The improvement relates to decomposing the hydroperoxide by contacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of a heterogeneous catalyst of Nb or Hf hydroxide or oxide. The improvement also relates to decomposing a secondary hydroperoxide by contacting the secondary hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of a heterogeneous catalyst of Zr or Ti hydroxide or oxide. The catalysts may optionally be supported on SiO2, Al2O3, carbon or TiO2.

Abstract: A tertiary butyl alcohol charge stock typically contaminated with from about 0.5 to about 2 wt. % of formates and peroxides, is passed through an oxygenates decomposition reactor containing a bed of a decomposition catalyst comprising rhodium, platinum, palladium or mixture thereof at a temperature of from about 100 to about 280C to decompose the peroxides and formates, and to dehydrate a portion of the tertiary butyl alcohol to form isobutylene and water to thereby form a non-corrosive tertiary butyl alcohol feedstock that is substantially free from formates that is suitable for reaction with methanol in a methyl tertiary butyl ether etherification reactor to form a non-corrosive methyl tertiary butyl ether etherification reaction product from which methyl tertiary butyl ether can be recovered.

Abstract: A dehydration catalyst useful for producing a monoalkylether of dihydric phenolic compound by a dehydration reaction of a dihydric phenolic compound with a lower alkyl alcohol with a high conversion at a high selectivity, comprises at least one inorganic substance of the empirical formula (I):Al.sub.a P.sub.b Ti.sub.c Si.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.f (I)wherein X represents a member selected from the group consisting of (1) an antimony and/or a bismuth atom, and (2) a sulfur atom, a, b, c, d, e and f respectively represent the numbers of Al, P, Ti, Si, X and 0 atoms, the atomic ratio a:b is 1:1.0 to 1.9, the atomic ratio a:c is 1:0.05 to 0.5, the atomic ratio a:d is 1:0.05 to 0.2, the atomic ratio a:e is 1:0.01 to 0.3 when X represents antimony and/or bismuth atom and 1:0.004 to 0.015 when X represents a sulfur atom, and the atomic ratio a:f is 1:4.1 to 8.4.

Abstract: A tertiary butyl alcohol charge stock typically contaminated with from about 0.5 to about 2 wt. % of formates and peroxides, is passed through an oxygenates decomposition reactor containing a bed of a decomposition catalyst comprising rhodium, platinum, palladium or mixture thereof at a temperature of from about 100 to about 280.degree. C. to decompose the peroxides and formates, and to dehydrate a portion of the tertiary butyl alcohol to form isobutylene and water to thereby form a non-corrosive tertiary butyl alcohol feedstock that is substantially free from formates that is suitable for reaction with methanol in a methyl tertiary butyl ether etherification reactor to form a non-corrosive methyl tertiary butyl ether etherification reaction product from which methyl tertiary butyl ether can be recovered.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for decomposing formate esters, free acids and peroxides in a tertiary butyl alcohol stream to produce noncondensible gas products which comprises reacting said tertiary butyl alcohol stream or a methyl tertiary butyl alcohol stream containing formate esters over a catalyst comprising a non-noble Group VIII metal and a metal of Group IB on a support comprising an inert composition mixed with a hydrotalcite-like composition.

Abstract: A plural stage process for the production of tertiary butyl alcohol from isobutane wherein isobutane is reacted with oxygen in a first reactor to prepare a primary liquid reaction mixture comprising unreacted isobutane, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and small amounts of oxygen-containing by-products, distilling the primary reaction product to provide a first lighter isobutane recycle distillation fraction and a first heavier liquid distillation fraction comprising the debutanized mixture of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide with tertiary butyl alcohol, diluting the first heavier liquid distillation fraction with an amount of tertiary butyl alcohol sufficient to provide a feed mixture comprising about 15 to 25 wt. % of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, about 75 to 85 wt.

Abstract: Aluminum alkyls are oxidized to aluminum alkoxides using a cobalt catalyst to increase the rate of oxidation. Alcohols can be prepared by hydrolysis of the aluminum alkoxides.

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a solution of a tertiary butyl hydroperoxide feedstock in tertiary butyl alcohol is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst consisting essentially of palladium and gold supported on alumina, and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol and ditertiary butyl peroxide.

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a feedstock comprising a solvent solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in tertiary butyl alcohol or a mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol with isobutane is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst consisting essentially of pentagonally cross-sectioned alumina having palladium deposited thereon and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase with agitation under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) is prepared by non-catalytically reacting isobutane with oxygen to provide a reaction product comprising isobutane, peroxides including tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and impurities, charging the de-isobutanized reaction product and a soluble hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst to a first hydroperoxide decomposition reactor fitted with a fractionating column to provide a liquid reaction product comprising TBA, catalyst, hydroperoxides, and contaminants, and a vaporized decomposition product, cooling said vaporized reaction product to provide a condensate, and recovering a portion as a TBA reaction product, charging the liquid reaction product to a second hydroperoxide decomposition reactor to substantially completely decompose the peroxides therein and to form a second hydroperoxide decomposition product, which is charged to a second distillation column and separated therein into a third lighter overhead fraction comprising TBA, and a third heavier liquid fraction comprising normal

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a feedstock comprising a solvent solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in tertiary butyl alcohol or a mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol with isobutane is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst consisting essentially of titania or zirconia and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a feedstock comprising a solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in a cosolvent mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol with isobutane is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase with agitation under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a feedstock comprising a solvent solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in tertiary butyl alcohol or a mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol with isobutane is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst consisting essentially of alumina having gold-promoted palladium deposited thereon and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase with agitation under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: An isobutylene feed mixture comprising MTBE, isobutylene and methanol is passed through an isobutylene conversion zone to form an isobutylene conversion product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted isobutylene, dimethyl ether, MTBE and water, then charged to a countercurrent methanol extraction zone and contacting with water to provide an overhead raffinate comprising isobutylene, MTBE and water, and an extract comprising methanol, water, MTBE, isobutylene and dimethyl ether;the extract is distilled to provide a vaporized overhead fraction comprising MTBE, isobutylene, methanol, and dimethyl ether;the vaporized overhead fraction is partially condensed and from about 5 to 10 wt. % of the mixed phase condensate is vented to thereby provide a liquid condensate that is substantially free from dissolved dimethyl ether, and the condensate is recycled to the methanol extraction zone.

Abstract: A method for separating a water soluble noble metal catalyst from a crude reaction product of a noble metal-catalyzed process for preparing octadienol from butadiene in aqueous solution, in an aqueous emulsion or as an aqueous suspension, the crude reaction product including an aqueous phase containing a water soluble Group VIII noble metal-ligand complex catalyst, and an organic phase containing unreacted butadiene feed and an organic octadienol reaction product, which comprises: (a) contacting the crude reaction product with a hydrophobic membrane capable of allowing a substantial portion of the unreacted butadiene feed and organic octadienol reaction product to pass therethrough while retaining a substantial portion of the water soluble Group VIII noble metal-ligand complex catalyst; (b) removing unreacted butadiene feed and the organic octadienol reaction product which passes through the hydrophobic membrane as permeate; and (c) retaining the water soluble Group VIII noble metal-ligand complex catalyst as

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol contaminated with residual amounts of peroxide contaminants such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, allyl tertiary butyl peroxide, etc., (which may be prepared, for example, by catalytically reacting propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to form propylene oxide and tertiary butyl alcohol) can be effectively catalytically treated under mild conversion conditions including a temperature of about 100.degree. to about 300.degree. C. with a catalyst comprising ferrous oxide to substantially completely decompose the peroxide contaminants to thereby provide a treated tertiary butyl alcohol product substantially free from contaminating quantities of such peroxides.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of methyl tertiary butyl ether is provided wherein a mixture of methanol and substantially peroxides-free tertiary butyl alcohol are catalytically reacted to form a reaction product that is separated into a first lighter distillation fraction comprising isobutylene, methanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether and a second heavier distillation fraction comprising methanol, tertiary butyl alcohol and water, wherein the first distillation fraction and a first recycle isobutylene fraction are reacted to form an isobutylene conversion product that is charged, together with recycle isobutylene to a methanol extraction zone and countercurrently contacted with water to provide an overhead extract comprising aqueous isobutylene, and wherein the isobutylene is recovered and recycled.

Abstract: A method for preparing tertiary butyl alcohol wherein a solution of a tertiary butyl hydroperoxide feedstock comprising a solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in tertiary butyl alcohol is charged to a hydroperoxide decomposition reaction zone containing a catalytically effective amount of a hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst consisting essentially of a mixture of a soluble cycloalkenyl iron compound with a soluble ruthenium compound, and is brought into contact with the catalyst in liquid phase with agitation under hydroperoxide decomposition reaction conditions to convert the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to decomposition products, principally tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a borate-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst such as a Group IB, VIIB or VIIIB metal phthalocyanine and a Group IA, IIA or IIB metal borate, for example, chloroferric phthalocyanine and lithium borate, barium borate, zinc borate or sodium metaborate.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine catalyst promoted with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 thiol and a free radical inhibitor, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine, dodecane thiol and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene).

Abstract: A tertiary butyl hydroperoxide feedstock, such as one prepared by the reaction of isobutane with molecular oxygen comprising tertiary butyl hydroperoxide dissolved in tertiary butyl alcohol, is charged to a catalytic decomposition zone where the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is catalytically decomposed in the presence of a soluble ruthenium catalyst compound promoted with a bidentate ligand to provide a decomposition reaction product characterized by a high conversion rate and a high selectivity of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a metal porphine catalyst, optionally promoted with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl thiol and an amine, such as an iron (III) or manganese (III) porphine and, optionally, a thiol such as dodecane thiol and an amine, such as a heterocyclic amine (e.g., pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, imidazole or a 1-alkyl or 2-alkyl imidazole).

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a base-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine and a base having a pH greater than about 7.5 when 0.10 mole is dissolved in one liter of water, such as sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, lithium carbonate, etc.).

Abstract: In order to prepare a feedstock, isobutane is reacted with oxygen in an oxidation zone to provide an oxidation product comprising a solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in unreacted isobutane. A catalyst may be present to catalyze the reaction of the oxygen with the isobutane if desired.The feedstock is charged to a catalytic decomposition zone wherein the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is decomposed in the presence of an imidazole-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst to provide a decomposition reaction product characterized by a compartively high conversion rate and a compartively high selectively of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine catalyst promoted with a rhenium compound, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine and rhenium heptoxide-p-dioxane or oxotrichloro-bis-(triphenylphosphine) rhenium V).

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with silver in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with palladium in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: Motor-fuel grade tertiary butyl alcohol which is prepared, for example, by reacting propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to form propylene oxide and a tertiary butyl alcohol reaction product contaminated with residual amounts of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and ditertiary butyl peroxide can be effectively catalytically treated under mild conversion conditions including a temperature of about 80.degree. to 280.degree. C. with a catalyst composed of iron, copper, chromia and cobalt, or the oxides thereof in order to substantially selectively convert the two peroxide contaminants to tertiary butyl alcohol and to thereby provide a treated tertiary butyl alcohol product substantially free from contaminating quantities of such peroxides.

Abstract: Motor-fuel grade tertiary butyl alcohol which is prepared, for example, by reacting propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to form propylene oxide and a tertiary butyl alcohol reaction product contaminated with residual amounts of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and ditertiary butyl peroxide can be effectively catalytically treated under mild conversion conditions including a temperature of about 80.degree. to 280.degree. C. with an unsupported catalyst composed of nickel, copper, chromia and iron, or the oxides thereof, or a catalyst containing nickel, copper, chromia and iron which is supported on silica in order to substantially selectively convert the two peroxide contaminants to tertiary butyl alcohol and to thereby provide a treated tertiary butyl alcohol product substantially free from contaminating quantities of such peroxides.

Abstract: A method for decomposing organic hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols is described. A solution containing the organic hydroperoxides is contacted with cobalt borate or cobalt borate on titanium dioxide catalyst. The hydroperoxide is reduced to at least 0.2 wt. % of the effluent and often less than 0.09 wt. %. Cobalt borate has the added advantage of not leaching cobalt into the effluent unlike known cobalt oxide decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for thermochemically converting a carbohydrate material into ethanol wherein the carbohydrate material and a metal salt are reacted at elevated temperature to form an intermediate carbohydrate complex salt and/or a lactate metal salt which then is pyrolyzed in the presence of water into ethanol. Preferred carbohydrate materials for the process are various sugars and the metal salt preferably is a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate. The intermediate complex and/or lactate salt may be separated from its aqueous reaction mixture prior to its pyrolysis to reduce the ultimate separation of ethanol from water. Alternatively, the metal of the metal salt may be one whose carbonate decomposes to metal oxide and carbon dioxide during the pyrolysis step of the process to generate said metal salt in situ.

Abstract: Methods for deodorizing lower alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and their oxy derivatives such as ethers and esters are disclosed, including contacting these compounds with a deodorizing contact mass comprising, on a support, metals and/or metal oxides, preferably of the metals of Group IB, VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table, where the metal oxides are at least partially reduced to metal and the deodorizing contact mass has a minimum particle dimension of greater than about 0.254 mm so as to be in a form suitable for use in a fixed bed contacting process. In a preferred embodiment, isopropyl alcohol is deodorized employing such deodorizing contact masses, preferably comprising Group VIII metals such as nickel, iron, cobalt and the like, on a support, so that the contact mass has a surface area less than about 1,500 m.sup.2 per gram.