Abstract: Provided herein is a novel process for the preparation of phenylcyclopropylamine derivatives, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine compounds. Provided particularly herein is a novel, commercially viable and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of a substantially pure ticagrelor intermediate, trans-(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropylamine. The intermediate is useful for preparing ticagrelor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in high yield and purity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R? and R? independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R? and R? are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cps is a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines.

Abstract: The invention relates to palladium(0) tris{tri-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-phosphine} complex of formula (I), as well as to its preparation and use. This compound is outstandingly stable, and can be used as catalyst with excellent results.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuously preparing a mononitrated organic compound, especially a process for preparing mononitrobenzene. The invention relates more particularly to an improved continuous adiabatic process for preparing nitrobenzene.

Abstract: The invention relates to palladium(0)-tris{tri-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-phosphine} complex of formula (I), as well as to its preparation and use. This compound is outstandingly stable, and can be used as catalyst with excellent results.

Abstract: Provided herein is a novel process for the preparation of phenylcyclopropylamine derivatives, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine compounds. Provided particularly herein is a novel, commercially viable and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of a substantially pure ticagrelor intermediate, trans-(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropylamine. The intermediate is useful for preparing ticagrelor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in high yield and purity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphine compounds represented by the general formula (4): and corresponding phosphonium salts represented by the general formula (4a): Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of these phosphines and phosphonium salts as well as their use as ligands in catalytic reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing substituted 2-nitrobiphenyls and to specific 2-nitrobiphenyls. The invention further relates to a process for preparing 2-aminobiphenyls from such 2-nitrobiphenyls and to a process for preparing (het)arylamides of such 2-aminobiphenyls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3,4-disubstituted phenoxyphenylamidines of the general formula (I), to a process for their preparation, to the use of the amidines according to the invention for controlling unwanted microorganisms and also to a composition for this purpose, comprising the phenoxyphenylamidines according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms by applying the compounds according to the invention to the microorganisms and/or their habitat.

Abstract: A zwitterionic phosphonium salt of Formula I: wherein n is 0 or 1; R is H or SO3; R? is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl and C1-C10 alkoxy-carbonyl; R? is CX3 when n is O; and X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I. The zwitterionic phosphonium salts are useful reagents for the preparation of alkenes and acetals from the corresponding aldehyde.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I in which the substituents are defined as follows: X is fluorine or chlorine; R1 is nitro, amino or NHR3; R2 is cyano, nitro, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C-6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or phenyl; R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkenyl or C1-C4-alkynyl; n is 1, 2 or 3, where in case that n is 2 or 3, the R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing nitrobenzene derivatives and aniline derivatives, which are of significance as intermediates for fungicidally active alkylanilides.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I where R1=nitro or amino, R2=cyano, halogen, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkylthio, n=from 0 to 3, and R3=hydrogen, cyano or halogen, which comprises reacting a halobenzene of the formula II in which Hal is chlorine or bromine, in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst which consists of palladium and a bidentate phosphorus ligand of the formula III where Ar is phenyl which is substituted if desired and R4 and R5 are each C1-C8-alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl or together form a 2- to 7-membered bridge which may, if desired, bear a C1-C6-alkyl substituent, in a solvent or diluent, with a phenylboronic acid IVa a diphenylborinic acid IVb or a mixture of IVa and IVb.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls in which R1=nitro, amino or NHR3, R2=CN, NO2, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or phenyl, R3=C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl or C2-C4-alkynyl, m=1 or 2; n=0 to 3, which comprises reacting a compound II in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst selected from the group of: a) palladium-triarylphosphine or -trialkylphosphine complex with palladium in the zero oxidation state, b) salt of palladium in the presence of triarylphospine or trialkylphosphine as a complex ligand or c) metallic palladium applied to support if appropriate, in the presence of triarylphosphine or trialkylphosphine, in a solvent, with a diphenylborinic acid (III)

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I in which the substituents are defined as follows: X is fluorine or chlorine; R1 is nitro, amino or NHR3; R2 is cyano, nitro, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or phenyl; R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkenyl or C1-C4-alkynyl; n is 1, 2 or 3, where in case that n is 2 or 3, the R2 radicals may also be different, which comprises reacting the compound of the formula II in which Hal is halogen and X and R1 are as defined above, in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst selected from the group of: a) palladium-triarylphosphine or -trialkylphosphine complex with palladium in the zero oxidation state, b) salt of palladium in the presence of triarylphospine or trialkylphosphine as a complex ligand or c) metallic palladium, optionally applied to support, in the presence of triarylphosphine or trialkylphosphine, in a solvent, with a diphenylborinic acid (III) i

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkenylnitrobenzenes and alkylanilines, which are of significance as intermediates for fungicidally active alkylanilides.

Abstract: Disclosed are soluble diarylmethanofullerene derivatives that are effective as acceptors for organic thin-film solar batteries. They help to constitute effective organic thin-film solar batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, by a) reaction of a compound of formula (II) to form a compound of formula (III) b) reaction of that compound in the presence of a base to form a compound of formula (IV) c) conversion of that compound in the presence of a reducing agent into a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II): with a compound of general formula (III): wherein R1 and R2 are H or C1-4 alkyl or R1 and R2 join together to form a C2-3 alkylene group, which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 methyl or ethyl groups, or an anhydride of the compound (III), in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst which is (a) a palladium (0)- or palladium (II)-triarylphosphine complex optionally in the presence of additional amounts of a triarylphoshine ligand, or (b) a palladium (II) salt in the presence of a triarylphosphine ligand, or (c) metallic palladium, optionally deposited on a support, in the presence of triarylphosphine; there being used from 0.9 to 2 moles of compound (III) for each mole of compound (II).

Abstract: To improve a catalytic activity of a composite oxide, to carry out a reaction in a high yield, and to provide a synthesis reaction catalyst having excellent handling properties and a method of a synthesizing a compound using the same, a synthesis reaction catalyst containing a palladium-containing perovskite-type composite oxide having a specific surface area of 0.5 to 9.5 m2/g is used in Suzuki Cross-Couplings given by the following general scheme (14).

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I in which the substituents are defined as follows: X is fluorine or chlorine; R1 is nitro, amino or NHR3; R2 is cyano, nitro, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or phenyl; R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkenyl or C1-C4-alkynyl; n is 1, 2 or 3, where in case that n is 2 or 3, the R2 radicals may also be different, which comprises reacting the compound of the formula II in which Hal is halogen and X and R1 are as defined above, in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst selected from the group of: a) palladium-triarylphosphine or -trialkylphosphine complex with palladium in the zero oxidation state, b) salt of palladium in the presence of triarylphospine or trialkylphosphine as a complex ligand or c) metallic palladium, optionally applied to support, in the presence of triarylphosphine or trialkylphosphine, in a solvent, with a diphenylborinic acid (III)

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for decarboxylating C—C bond formation by reacting carboxylic salts with carbon electrophiles in the presence of transition metal compounds as catalysts. The method represents a decarboxylating C—C bond formation of carboxylic acid salts with carbon electrophiles, wherein the catalyst contains two transition metals and/or transition metal compounds, from which one is present, preferably, in the oxidation step, which are different from each other by one unit, and catalyzes a radical decarboxylation which is absorbed during the second oxidation steps, which are different from each other by two units and catalyzes the two electron processes of a C—C bond formation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystal mixtures having specific resistance values, comprising acidic compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to liquid-crystal displays containing these liquid-crystal mixtures. The invention furthermore relates to compounds of the formula I, in which the parameters are as defined in the text, to their preparation, and to their use for achieving certain specific resistance values in liquid-crystal mixtures. The application also relates to a method of adjusting the specific resistance of liquid-crystal mixtures using acidic compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene wherein naphthalene is nitrated by nitric acid in the absence of sulfuric acid at temperatures of from 30 to 80° C., wherein the nitric acid has a concentration of from 72 to 87 wt.-%, the reaction mixture obtained is filtered at temperatures of from 5 to 20° C. and the solid precipitate obtained is washed with water, and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene is isolated from the washed precipitate by washing with acetone.

Abstract: A process for the nitration of an aromatic compound, wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with a nitrating agent in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. The method for the nitration of aromatic compounds in (e.g. neutral) ionic liquids has advantages over conventional nitrations, such as the only by-product being water, the ionic liquid not being consumed and the nitrating agent being relatively inexpensive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dinitronaphthalene isomer mixture, in which naphthalene and/or 1-nitronaphthalene is reacted with nitric acid in the presence of a zeolite.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved catalytic compositions suited for use in hydrogenation processes and to an improved process for hydrogenating organic compounds as in amination of alcohols or hydrogenation of nitro groups to the amine using the catalyst. The catalytic composition is more particularly an improvement in nickel catalysts promoted with palladium carried on a support. The improvement resides in including a promoting effect of a metal M and/or its oxide, selected from Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ag, typically from about 0.01 to 10% by weight of the support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out CC-coupling reactions, in particular a Heck and Suzuki reaction, in the presence of supported palladium as the catalyst and a base in a monophase or multiphase solvent mixture. According to said method, palladium detaches itself from the support in a characteristic manner, is redeposited after the reaction and the quantity of palladium not deposited after the reaction is significantly lower than 5000 ppm, in relation to the palladium used.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes with donor molecules selected from ketones and nitroalkyl compounds. The reactions employ as catalyst a Group 2A or Group 2B metal complex of a ligand of formula I, as defined further herein.

Abstract: A palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of aryldiazonium salts with organosilanes is disclosed. New reactions that are user friendly and environmentally friendly are now possible, including some reactions that could not be achieved using prior methods. The organosilanes that may be cross-coupled with aryldiazonium salts include, for example, Ar′—Si(L)3, where Ar′=aryl, and where L=CH3, OCH3, F, Cl, R, or OR.

Abstract: Provided is a bis(diphenylvinyl)arene compound having a reactive functional group on phenyl group, represented by below formula (1), 1

Abstract: A process for Friedel-Crafts type liquid-phase alkylation or acylation of an aromatic compound using a hydrotalcite-type basic anionic clay catalyst represented by a formula: [(M2−)1−x(M3+)x(OH)2]x+[Ay−]x/yqH2O where M2+ is a divalent cation selected from Mg2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ or a mixture thereof; M3+ is a trivalent cation selected from Ga3+, In3+ Al3+, Fe3+ Cr3+ or a mixture thereof; x is a mole fraction of trivalent cations in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.5; 0 is oxygen; H is hydrogen; Ay− is an anion; y minus is an anionic negative charge having a value of 1 minus or 2 minus; and q is a number of water molecules, as the water of hydration; and involving following steps: i.

Abstract: Aromatic methylidene compounds of the following general formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a dinitronaphthalene isomer mixture having an increased proportion of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene by nitrating naphthalene in the presence of at least one ionic liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel, inventive process for the preparation of biphenyls or aromatic olefins by coupling reactions of the Suzuki coupling and Heck coupling type, using allylpalladium catalysts of the &mgr;-halo(triisopropylphosphine)(&eegr;3-allyl)palladium(II) type.

Abstract: Olefins containing aromatic substituents are synthesized without the addition of phosphonium salts or phosphanes with the aid of a PdII compound as a catalyst in the presence of nitrogen-containing additives such as N,N-dimethylglycine and a base.

Abstract: A process for preparing nitrobiphenyls of the formula I where m is 1 or 2, R is halogen R′ or OR′, where R′ is a C-organic radical which may carry groups inert under the reaction conditions, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and, in the case of n being 2 or 3, the radicals R are the same or different, by reacting a chloronitrobenzene of the formula II in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base in a solvent with a phenylboronic acid (IIIa) or an alkyl ester thereof of the formula IIIb where R1 is C1-C6-alkyl, or an anhydride thereof. The compounds I are useful as precursors for biphenylamines, which in turn are intermediates for fungicidal crop protection agents.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are nitrated by a process in which the aromatic hydrocarbon is reacted in the liquid phase with an oxide of nitrogen selected from NO, N2O3, NO2 and N2O4 and with an oxygen-containing gas stream in the presence of a heterogeneous oxidic catalyst, wherein at least 0.1 mol %, based on the aromatic hydrocarbon, of water is present at the beginning of the reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a substituted aromatic compound in which a chloroaromatic compound and an alkyl-, alkenyl- or aryl-boronic acid ester or anhydride are coupled in the presence of palladium and a lipophilic aliphatic phosphine comprising at least one branched aliphatic group or a lipophilic aliphatic Dis(phosphine). Preferred phosphines include triisopropyl, triisobutyl and tricyclohexylphosphine.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds containing at least one divalent or polyvalent chiral group, at least one polymerizable group, at least one spacer and at least one mesogenic group, and to their use as polymerizable, chiral dopes for the preparation of cholesteric networks.The novel compounds are suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals in order to produce layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: An improved preparation process for an aromatic mononitro compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound with mixed acid consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and water, wherein these flow to react with each other in a reactor comprising a tube inside of which more than one twisted tabular members are aligned in sequence in a manner that a front margin of a twisted tabular member is substantially perpendicular to an back margin of the preceding member, can resolve a number of problems such as an inadequate mixing efficiency, reduction of a reaction rate, associated voluminal increase/complication of a reactor and difficulty in securing safety as well as provide the aromatic mononitro compound with minimal amount of by-products in a considerably short period.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing 2,5-diphenylterephthalic acid, which is useful in preparing certain polyesters, especially liquid-crystalline polyesters. In this process, p-xylene is di-alkylated with cyclohexene to provide 2,5-dicyclo-hexyl-p-xylene, which is in turn dehydrogenated to provide 2,5-diphenylxylene. 2,5-Diphenylxylene is then oxidized to provide 2,5-diphenylterephthalic acid by utilization of a cobaltous/manganous/bromide oxidation system.

Abstract: A composition of matter having the general structure: ##STR1## (wherein X is F, Cl, or NO.sub.2, and Y is CO, SO.sub.2 or C(CF.sub.3).sub.2) is employed to terminate a nucleophilic reagent, resulting in the exclusive production of phenylethynyl terminated reactive oligomers which display unique thermal characteristics. A reactive diluent having the general structure: ##STR2## (wherein R is any aliphatic or aromatic moiety) is employed to decrease the melt viscosity of a phenylethynyl terminated reactive oligomer and to subsequently react therewith to provide a thermosetting material of enhanced density. These materials have features which make them attractive candidates for use as composite matrices and adhesives.

Abstract: A continuous process to nitrate a nitratable aromatic compound in a nitronium ion solution in a nitrator. The process comprises feeding into the nitrator nitronium ion solution of a composition within an area defined by connecting three points in a ternary phase diagram of nitric acid, sulfuric acid and water. The three points correspond to first about 82% of sulfuric acid and 18% nitric acid, secondly about 55% sulfuric acid and about 45% water and, thirdly, 100% sulfuric acid, with the nitric acid preferably being below about 3%. The nitratable aromatic compound is introduced in a manner such that a fine emulsion of hydrocarbon in the nitronium ion solution is formed with the hydrocarbon evenly distributed in the acid phase. The acid and the nitratable aromatic compound are brought into intimate contact in a plug-flow nitrator that contains mixing elements.

Abstract: Monomers, B-stage polymers, C-stage polymers, cured polymers and electricy conducting polymers of acetylene-terminated aromatic monomers containing three benzene rings separated by ethylene groups are disclosed. These new polymers can withstand aggressive environments and are particularly adapted for use in high temperature composites in addition to the utilization of their electrical conducting properties. Preparation of these materials is accomplished by melt polymerization and heat treatment at high temperatures.

Abstract: Novel substituted imidazopyridazines of formula (I) which are useful as angiotensin II antagonists, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the derivative of benzyl ether represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## which is useful as an intermediate compound of the derivatives of 1,5-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4- triazole-3-carboxamide represented by the formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which is substituted with an alicyclic structure having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 is a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X.sup.2 is a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a fluorine; Y.sup.2 is a hydrogen or a fluorine; and Z is a nitro group or an amino group.

Abstract: 1-Aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) is synthesized by the reaction of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride and xylene in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to yield 2-chloro dimethyldiphenylmethane, subsequent oxidation of the methyl groups, ring closure to form a 1-chloroanthraquinone carboxylic acid, replacement of the 1-chloro group with ammonia, and decarboxylation.

Abstract: Novel tetrasubstituted dicyanomethylene cyclopentadienes are provided which have utility as electron-transport agents in positively-charged electrophotographic elements. The compounds are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen and cyano;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl and substituted aryl; andZ and Z' are each an electron withdrawing group.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for separating an acid impurity from a solution containing acid and a nitro substituted aromatic compound by contacting the solution with at least one molten nitrate salt.