Abstract: Fluoridated organofluoroborates comprising at least one 18F atom and precursors thereto, for use in PET scanning.

Abstract: Methods or preparing para-xylene from biomass by carrying out a Diels-Alder cycloaddition at controlled temperatures and activity ratios. Methods of preparing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) are also disclosed, as well as products formed from bio-PET.

Abstract: The present invention is a one-step method for efficiently converting carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon bonds using a combination of aryl halides, a substrate, and a copper salt as catalyst. This method allows faster introduction of complex molecular entities, a process that would otherwise require many more steps. This invention is particularly relevant for the organic synthesis of complex molecules such as, but not limited to, pharmacophores and explosives.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R? and R? independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R? and R? are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cps is a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula IA in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain the media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tunable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of graphene oxide and its use in various applications. The invention provides a method for the preparation of graphene oxide which involves treating a mixture of graphene oxide and impurities with a solution of a base. The impurities in the graphene oxide include oxygen-containing species that are associated with it i.e. bound to the graphene oxide but which are not covalently bonded to the graphene. The graphene oxide of the present invention has improved purity relative to the poorly characterised graphene oxide that is produced by existing methods.

Abstract: What is described is a process for preparing organic compounds of the general formula (I) R—R???(I) by converting a corresponding compound of the general formula (II) R—X ??(II) in which X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine to an organomagnesium compound of the general formula (III) [M+]n[RmMgXkY1]??(III) wherein compounds of the formula (III) are reacted with a compound of the general formula (IV) characterized in that the reaction of (III) with (IV) is performed in the presence of a) catalytic amounts of an iron compound, based on the compound of the general formula (II), and optionally in the presence of b) a nitrogen-, oxygen- and/or phosphorus-containing additive in a catalytic or stoichiometric amount, based on the compound of the general formula (II).

Abstract: Processes and intermediates for preparing linezolid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are described herein.

Abstract: Gold (I) hydroxide complexes of the form Z-Au-OH and digold complexes of the form Z—Au-(?OH)—Au—Z where groups Z are two electron donors are provided. The groups Z may be carbenes, for example nitrogen containing heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), phosphines or phosphites. The complexes can be used as catalysts, for example in reactions such as hydration of nitriles, skeletal arrangement of enynes, alkoxycyclisation of enynes, alkyne hydration, the Meyer-Shuster reaction, 3,3? rearrangement of allylic acetates, cyclisation of propargylic acetates, Beckman rearrangements and hydroamination. The complexes can be used in medicine, for example in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a difluorocyclopropane compound under milder reaction conditions and with high selectivity and high yield. The method for producing a difluorocyclopropane compound of the present invention is characterized by using sodium bromodifluoroacetate as a difluorocyclopropanation agent. With the disclosed method, a difluorocyclopropane compound can be produced under milder reaction conditions and with a higher conversion rate and a higher yield compared to conventional art. Further, by-products can be reduced significantly, thus allowing waste to be greatly reduced. Accordingly, the production method of the present invention is easy to implement industrially (can be employed on an industrial scale) and is thus extremely practical and useful.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of modifying electrical properties of carbon nanotubes by subjecting a composition of carbon nanotubes to one or more radical initiator(s). The invention also relates to an electronic component such as field-effect transistor comprising a carbon nanotube obtained using the method of the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the modified carbon nanotubes in conductive and high-strength nanotube/polymer composites, transparent electrodes, sensors and nanoelectromechanical devices, additives for batteries, radiation sources, semiconductor devices (e.g. transistors) or interconnects.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition for use in a cross-coupling reaction containing an iron or cobalt fluoride and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring compound represented by General Formula (1A) or (1B), wherein R1 and R2 are same or different, and represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl group etc.; and R3 and R4 are same or different, and represent hydrogen etc., ?represents a single bond or a double bond, and X? represents a monovalent anion. The invention also provides a method for producing a cross-coupling compound by reacting an organic magnesium compound with an organic halogen compound in the presence of the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands in bond forming reactions; and (c) methods of preparing phosphacycle ligands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of compounds of formula (I) wherein X is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein the substituents are as defined for formula (I), with inorganic nitrite in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of bromide and a copper catalyst and wherein the process is carried out as a one-pot reaction.

Abstract: A phenyl tin compound is synthesized by using a derivative having various functional groups and a bromo- or iodo-benzene ring as a labeling material of a radioactive ligand. On the other hand, a novel hydroxytosyl iodobenzene compound having an electron-donating group is obtained by oxidizing iodobenzene having one or more electron-donating groups and reacting it with tosylic acid. Then, a diphenyliodonium salt which is a labeling precursor is synthesized by reacting the resulting compound with various phenyl tin compounds. Finally, a 18F-labeled ligand having various functional groups and a [18F] fluorobenzene ring is synthesized by reacting the resulting diphenyliodonium salt with [18F]F?.

Abstract: An alkali metal fluoride dispersion essentially consisting of an alkali metal fluoride and an aprotic organic solvent obtainable by conducting the following Step (A), subsequently conducting the following Step (B) at least once, and then conducting the following Step(C); Step (A): a step of separating a liquid phase from an alkali metal fluoride dispersion comprising at least one alcohol solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol and an alkali metal fluoride, and mixing the separated liquid phase with an aprotic organic solvent having a boiling point of 85° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of compounds of formula (I) wherein X is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein the substituents are as defined for formula (I), with inorganic nitrite in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of bromide and a copper catalyst and wherein the process is carried out as a one-pot reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing biphenyl derivatives represented by formula (1), including reacting a chlorine atom of a benzene derivative represented by formula (2) with metallic magnesium to form a Grignard reagent, and coupling two molecules of the Grignard reagent with each other in the presence of a catalyst. (wherein A represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl and fluoro, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.) (wherein A represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl and fluoro, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups are bonded to an aromatic ring with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) being structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and having one or two leaving groups bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of a nickel compound, a ligand, a manganese salt and a metal reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a chemical reaction which is catalysed by one or more metal or hydrogen fluoroalkyl-sulfonylated compound which process comprises carrying out said reaction in the presence of an ionic liquid or in solvent-free conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition for use in a cross-coupling reaction containing an iron or cobalt fluoride and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring compound represented by General Formula (1A) or (1B), wherein R1 and R2 are same or different, and represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl group etc.; and R3 and R4 are same or different, and represent hydrogen etc., represents a single bond or a double bond, and X? represents a monovalent anion. The invention also provides a method for producing a cross-coupling compound by reacting an organic magnesium compound with an organic halogen compound in the presence of the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are both dispersible and electrically conducting. The process comprises: (a) preparing a pristine NGP material from a graphitic material; and (b) subjecting the pristine NGP material to an oxidation treatment to obtain the dispersible NGP material, wherein the NGP material has an oxygen content no greater than 25% by weight. Conductive NGPs can find applications in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays, additives for battery and supercapacitor electrodes, conductive nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc.

Abstract: A composition comprising perfluoro-[2,2]-paracyclophane dimer compound is disclosed. The synthesis reaction of the paracyclophane dimer from 1,4-bis(chlorodifluoromethane)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene involves heating in the presence of a metal catalyst and a solvent. A perfluorinated paraxylylene coating formed from the perfluorinated paracyclophane dimer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing 1,4-bis(dichloromethyl)tetrafluorobenzene is disclosed, which is achieved by reacting tetrafluoroterephthaldehyde, SOCl2 and organic solvents. In the synthesis of 1,4-bis(dichloromethyl)tetrafluorobenzene by adding formamides as catalyst, there are remarkable advantages which include shortening the reaction time; simplifying the synthesizing steps and raising the yield of the product.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a compound of the structural formula (22) (22) crystal form of structural formulae (21) and its free acid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of preparing and using these compounds.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of fluorenyl-type ligand structures and substituted fluorenyl groups which may be employed in metallocene-type olefin polymerization catalysts. There is provided a 2,2?-dihalogen-diphenylmethylene having a methylene bridge connecting a pair of phenyl groups. Each phenyl group has a halogen on a proximal carbon atom relative to the methylene bridge. The halogenated diphenylmethylene is reacted with a coupling agent comprising a Group 2 or 12 transition metal in the presence of a nickel or palladium-based catalyst to remove the halogen atoms from the phenyl groups and couple the phenyl groups at the proximal carbon atoms to produce a fluorene ligand structure. The coupling agent may be zinc, cadmium or magnesium and the catalyst may be a monophosphene nickel complex. The halogenated diphenylmethylene may be an unsubstituted ligand structure or a monosubstituted or disubstituted ligand structure.

Abstract: The present invention is a one-step method for efficiently converting carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon bonds using a combination of aryl halides, a substrate, and a copper salt as catalyst. This method allows faster introduction of complex molecular entities, a process that would otherwise require many more steps. This invention is particularly relevant for the organic synthesis of complex molecules such as, but not limited to, pharmacophores and explosives.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing hydrohalocarbon and/or halocarbon compounds with an inorganic fluoride (e.g., silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4)) are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for aromatic nucleophilic substitution by contacting a substrate of formula (III) Ar-???(III) where Ar is an aromatic group where the nucleus carrying the group ? is electron-poor, either because it contains at least one heteroatom in its ring or because the sum of the Hammett constants, ?p, of its substituents, apart from said ?, is at least 0.2, and ? is a leaving group, with a composition containing at least one ionic compound whose cation is of general formula G: (R10)(R9)N—[C(R8)?C(R6)]?—C(R5)?N+(R1)(R2)??(G) wherein: ? is an integer from 0 to 4, inclusive; R1, R2, R5, R6 and R8, which are identical or different, are a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group; and R9 and R10, which are identical or different, are a hydrocarbon group; or one or two of the substituents R1, R2, R5, R8, R9, and R10 are connected to other remaining substituent(s) to form one or two or more rings.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) which includes the reduction of a compound of formula (II) or a salt thereof, in the presence of a catalyst, and novel intermediates useful for its synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of trans-indenofluorene compounds of the formula (Ia) or cis-indenofluorene compounds of the formula (Ib) in a reaction with at least one compound of the formula (IIa) or (IIb) respectively with at least one compound of the R-Hal in the presence of at least one organic base and at least one organic, polar, aprotic solvent.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing halocarbon with an inorganic fluoride (e.g., germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4)) are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing chlorofluorocarbon with an inorganic fluoride (e.g., germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4)) are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Method for the production of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene from fluorobenzene comprising steps A) and B): A) chlorination of fluorobenzene derivatives of formula (II), in which X=fluorine of H, Z=nitro, bromo or chloro and n=0 or 1-4 and B) fluorination of the distillation residue and separation by distillation of the 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene thus produced.

Abstract: A method for transferring TCPX (?, ?, ??, ??-tetrachloro-p-xylene) into TFPX (?, ?, ??, ??-tetrafluoro-p-xylene) is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: (a) providing a first reactant comprising TFPX; (b) mixing the first reactant with alkali metal fluorides, TCPX and phase transfer catalyst(s) to form a mixture, wherein the alkali metal fluorides is KF, CsF, NaF, LiF or the combination thereof, the phase transfer catalyst(s) is quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt or the combination thereof; and (c) heating the mixture.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling, subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of TFPX (?, ?, ??, ??-tetrafluoro-p-xylene) is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: (a) providing a sulpholane solution comprising TCPX (?, ?, ??, ??-tetrachloro-p-xylene); (b) mixing the sulpholane solution with alkali metal fluoride, and phase transfer catalyst to form a mixture, wherein the phase transfer catalyst is quaternary phosphonium salt; and (c) heating the mixture.

Abstract: Inorganic and organic compounds containing fluorine can be produced, for example, from corresponding chlorine-containing compounds by chlorine/fluorine exchange using fluorinating agents. Monocyclic or bicyclic compounds containing at least two nitrogen atoms, at least one of which is incorporated into the ring system, can be used as catalysts or fluorinating agents for chlorine/fluorine exchange reactions to produce sulfurylchlorofluoride, sulfurylfluoride or a carboxylic acid fluoride. It is likewise possible to carry out HF addition to unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds or chlorine/fluorine exchange at carbon atoms. For example, monochloro or dichloro malonic acid esters can be converted to difluoro malonic acid esters. Work-up of the reaction mixture can be simplified by using suitable solvents which force the reaction mixture to exist in two phases.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of ?,?,??,??-tetrafluoro-p-xylene is disclosed.

Abstract: Mono- and disubstituted aryl or heterocyclic acetylenes are produced by a process comprising reacting an aryl nitrile with an alkynylzinc compound, a bis-alkynylzinc compound, or an alkynylmagnesium compound, in the presence of a nickel/phosphine catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-di-halo-substituted benzene derivatives (II) from 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehydes (I) (where X1, X2 are each independently F, Cl, Br, and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, halogen, OH, C1–C12-alkyl, CF3, CHO, C6–C14-aryl, Oalkyl, Oaryl, NO2) by reacting with an alkaline medium, which comprises initially charging the alkaline medium and metering in the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) or initially charging the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) and metering in the alkaline medium

Abstract: A method for obtaining a halogenated organic compound, whereby an organotrifluoroborate compound is reacted with a halide ion in the presence of an oxidizing agent to produce the corresponding halogenated organic compound. The method may be used for producing radiohalogenated organic compounds.

Abstract: To provide a novel method for producing a fluorinated benzenedimethanol compound useful as a starting material or an intermediate in the production of agricultural or medicinal chemicals in an industrially advantageous manner. A method for producing a fluorinated benzenedimethanol compound according to the present invention comprises the steps of reducing the nitrile groups of a fluorinated benzenedinitrile compound to obtain a fluorinated xylylenediamine compound and then converting the aminomethyl groups of the fluorinated xylylenediamine compound into hydroxymethyl groups.

Abstract: A method of preparing vicinal difluoro aromatic compounds in high yield from hydroxy aromatic compounds using various bases and a method of preparing intermediates thereof. A method for making a vicinal difluoro halogenated aromatic compound including providing a tetrafluoro derivative of a halogen substituted aromatic compound, wherein the tetrafluoro derivative has two fluorine atoms on each of two adjacent carbons and at least one additional halogen substituent; reacting the tetrafluoro derivative with a reducing agent in presence of a base for a reaction time sufficient to form the vicinal difluoro halogenated aromatic compound containing two vicinal fluorine substituents and the at least one additional halogen substituent, wherein the reducing agent is used in a reducing agent effective amount sufficient to retain the at least one additional halogen substituent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyfluoroalkyl-lithium compounds by deprotonation of polyfluoroalkyl compounds by means of lithium bases.

Abstract: To provide a practical method of manufacturing fluorine compounds in a small number of steps that can carry out fluorination reaction of substrates using easily available fluorinating agents that can be inexpensively produced industrially, and recover precursors of the fluorinating agents generated accompanying the reaction quantitatively in an easy operation, and a method of recovery and regeneration of the precursors of the fluorinating agents. N-Fluoro-quaternary-nitrogen-onium tetrafluoroborate salts represented by the general formula (1) as the fluorinating agents are used. N-Hydro-quaternary-nitrogen-onium tetrafluoroborate salts represented by the general formula (2) generated accompanying the reaction are separated and recovered from the reaction mixture by means of depositing as crystals by the addition of solvents with a low affinity to the salts to the reaction mixture after the reaction.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a chemical reaction which is catalysed by one or more metal or hydrogen fluoroalkyl-sulfonylated compound which process comprises carrying out said reaction in the presence of an ionic liquid or in solvent-free conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of a fluorinated organic compound, characterized by fluorinating an organic compound having a hydrogen atoms using IF5; and a novel fluorination process for fluorinating an organic compound having a hydrogen atoms by using a fluorinating agent containing IF5 and at least one member selected from the group consisting of acids, bases, salts and additives.

Abstract: A catalyst composition with a high halogenated aromatics isomerization activity, a halogenated aromatic isomerization method using said catalyst composition, and a halogenated aromatics isomerization method capable of prolonging the life or regeneration period of the catalyst. The invention also includes a catalyst composition characterized in that the maximum diameter of secondary particles of the zeolite in the formed catalyst is 5 microns or less is used to improve the halogenated aromatics isomerization activity. Furthermore, if dissolved oxygen is decreased, the life or regeneration period of the catalyst can be prolonged.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-di-halo-substituted benzene derivatives (II) from 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehydes (I) (where X1, X2 are each independently F, Cl, Br, and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, halogen, OH, C1-C12-alkyl, CF3, CHO, C6-C14-aryl, Oalkyl, Oaryl, NO2) by reacting with an alkaline medium, which comprises initially charging the alkaline medium and metering in the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) or initially charging the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) and metering in the alkaline medium.