Metal Oxide Containing Catalyst Patents (Class 570/169)
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Patent number: 5334787Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 by contacting 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (CClF.sub.2 CHClF) or 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2) or mixtures of CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 and CClF.sub.2 CHClF or mixtures of CF.sub.3 CHClF and CHF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 with HF in the presence of a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst prepared by pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, the reaction being conducted under controlled conditions whereby the production of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 is maximized, and the formation of chloropentafluoroethane (CF.sub.3 CClF.sub.2) and other perhalo derivatives is minimized. The subject hydrogen-containing compound is useful as a blowing agent, propellant, refrigerant, fire extinguishing agent, or sterilant carrier gas.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1992Date of Patent: August 2, 1994Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Vinci M. Felix, William H. Gumprecht, Barry A. Mahler
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Patent number: 5334785Abstract: An improved process for the vapor phase fluorination, especially fluorination of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (CFC-133a) with HF to produce 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) employs a catalyst which preferably consists essentially of boehmite and Cr(OH)Cl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O, combined and extruded to form particulates and then heated in nitrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 1993Date of Patent: August 2, 1994Assignee: Allied-Signal Inc.Inventors: Li Wang, Timothy J. Barder, Mark Kaiser, Russell W. Johnson, Blaise J. Arena
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Patent number: 5283382Abstract: Process for the preparation of fluorinated alkanes by contacting a starting material of halogenated alkene or alkane with 1 to 150 molar equivalents based on catalyst of HF, 1 to 30 molar equivalents based on catalyst of a dehydrating agent and less than 100 molar equivalents based on catalyst of a starting material, the catalyst being selected from niobium oxide or tantalum oxide, at a temperature of 0.degree. C. to 185.degree. C. The preferred dehydrating agent is a combination of chlorosulfonic acid and thionyl chloride.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 1992Date of Patent: February 1, 1994Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Mario J. Nappa
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Patent number: 5281568Abstract: A chromium-containing fluorination catalyst which comprises an activity-promoting amount of zinc or a compound of zinc, a process for increasing the activity of a chromium-containing fluorination catalyst by introducing an activity promoting amount of zinc or a compound of zinc to the catalyst and a process for the production of fluorinated hydrocarbons, in particular 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane which comprises reacting a hydrocarbon or a halogenated hydrocarbon, in particular 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride in the vapour phase in the presence of the zinc-promoted chromium-containing catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 1992Date of Patent: January 25, 1994Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventors: John D. Scott, Michael J. Watson
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Patent number: 5276224Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1992Date of Patent: January 4, 1994Assignee: Ausimont S.p.A.Inventors: Diego Carmello, Giorgio Guglielmo
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Patent number: 5264639Abstract: A process for producing a 2,2-difluoropropane of the following formula (2), which comprises fluorinating a chlorine-containing 2,2-halogenopropane of the following formula (1) by hydrogen fluoride or a fluorinating agent:C.sub.3 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c (1)C.sub.3 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b-x F.sub.c+x (2)wherein a, b, c and x are integers satisfying the following conditions:a.gtoreq.0, b.gtoreq.1, c.gtoreq.0, x.gtoreq.1, a+b+c=8.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1992Date of Patent: November 23, 1993Assignee: Asahi Glass Company Ltd.Inventors: Shinsuke Morikawa, Shunichi Samejima, Hidekazu Okamoto, Keiichi Ohnishi, Shin Tatematsu, Toshihiro Tanuma, Takashi Ohmori
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Patent number: 5262574Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1991Date of Patent: November 16, 1993Assignee: Ausimont S.p.A.Inventors: Diego Carmello, Giorgio Guglielmo
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Patent number: 5258561Abstract: A chlorofluorination process is disclosed which employs a catalyst comprising chromium oxide for producing halohydrocarbons of the formula CHXFCF.sub.3 (where X is selected from Cl and F). The process is characterized by feeding a combination of components comprising, (i) at least one halohydrocarbon starting compound of the formula CY.sub.3 CH.sub.2 R.sup.1 (where R.sup.1 is selected from the group of H and F and each Y is independently selected from the group of Cl and F), (ii) hydrogen fluoride and (iii) chlorine to a reaction zone; contacting said combination of compounds in said reaction zone with a catalyst comprising chromium oxide at an elevated temperature to produce reaction zone products containing halohydrocarbon reaction products of the formula CHXFCF.sub.3 together with halohydrocarbons of the formula CZ.sub.3 CHR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.2 is selected from the group of H and Cl, R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1992Date of Patent: November 2, 1993Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Mario J. Nappa, V. N. Mallikarjuna Rao
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Patent number: 5243105Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride under superatmospheric pressure in a first reaction zone to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in a second reaction zone to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; the entire product stream from the 133a reaction zone together with additional HF of required is fed through the 134a reaction zone. The two reaction zones may be provided within a single reaction vessel.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1991Date of Patent: September 7, 1993Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventors: John D. Scott, Rachel A. Steven
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Patent number: 5243107Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride in one reactor to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in another reactor to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The invention is characterised by reversing the reactor sequence and passing the entire product stream from the HFA 134a reactor together with trichloroethylene through the 133a reactor and separating 134a and hydrogen chloride from the recycle stream between the 133a reactor and the 134a reactor.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 1991Date of Patent: September 7, 1993Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventors: John D. Scott, Rachel A. Steven
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Patent number: 5233105Abstract: Bismuth/alkaline earth metal catalysts which contain 0.005-0.8 g-atom of bismuth per mol of the alkaline earth metal compound employed and can furthermore contain promoters and/or inert additives, and lanthanide catalysts with or without catalyst supports can be employed as catalysts for halogen-fluorine exchange in organic compounds by means of hydrogen fluoride.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1990Date of Patent: August 3, 1993Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hans-Helmut Schwarz, Rudolf Braden
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Patent number: 5227350Abstract: A method for regenerating a used fluorination catalyst such as a chromium-containing compound comprises contacting the used catalyst at a temperature of 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. with a mixture of an oxidizing agent, especially air, and hydrogen fluoride and optionally an inert diluent such as nitrogen, said mixture containing up to 30% of oxidizing agent on a molar basis. The method obviates chromium loss during regeneration/refluorination of spent catalyst and provides heated hydrogen fluoride for use directly in fluorination reactions.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1992Date of Patent: July 13, 1993Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventors: John D. Scott, Pravin K. Dattani
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Patent number: 5220083Abstract: The present invention relates to syntheses of perfluoropropane-- .e., octafluoropropane--from acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons or partially or totally halogenated acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 1992Date of Patent: June 15, 1993Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: James L. Webster, Steven H. Swearingen, Douglas W. Bruhnke, Leo E. Manzer, Elrey L. McCann
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Patent number: 5177273Abstract: A vapor phase process is disclosed for producing HCFC-225s, HCFC-235s, HCFC-226s, HFC-236s, and HFC-227s by reacting certain three-carbon reactants containing at least one less fluorine than, and at least as many hydrogen substituents as the desired product (e.g. propane propylene, allene or methylacetylene) with Cl.sub.2 and HF in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of chromium oxide or of chromium oxide which is combined with a refractory oxide, fluorinated and/or modified with manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and/or zinc. The temperature and contact time for the reaction are chosen to provide a product having the desired fluorine and hydrogen content.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 1991Date of Patent: January 5, 1993Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Douglas W. Bruhnke, Jan J. Lerou, V. N. Mallikarjuna Rao, William C. Seidel, Frank J. Weigert
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Patent number: 5171901Abstract: Hexafluoropropanes of the formula CF.sub.3 -CHX-CF.sub.3 where X is hydrogen or chlorine are prepared by reacting hexachloropropene with hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1991Date of Patent: December 15, 1992Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl-Rudolf Gassen, Dietmar Bielefeldt, Albrecht Marhold, Hans-Helmut Schwarz
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Patent number: 5159126Abstract: 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is prepared by reacting hydrogen fluoride with vinylidene chloride, in a liquid medium containing preferably at least 40 mol % 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 1990Date of Patent: October 27, 1992Assignee: Solvay S.A.Inventors: Rene Walraevens, James Franklin, Jean-Marie Yernaux
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Patent number: 5091601Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 1990Date of Patent: February 25, 1992Assignee: Austimont S.p.A.Inventors: Diego Carmello, Giorgio Guglielmo
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Patent number: 5087779Abstract: A method for halogenating hydrocarbons wherein a reaction mixture including a hydrocarbon-containing feed, a hydrogen halide and an oxygen-containing gas is contacted at appropriate reaction conditions with a catalyst of copper aluminum borate to form halogenated hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1990Date of Patent: February 11, 1992Assignee: Amoco CorporationInventors: Philip O. Nubel, Larry C. Satek, Michael J. Spangler, Glenn O. Michaels
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Patent number: 5068472Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from hexachloropropylene. In all these syntheses the first step is a fluorination of the starting material; later steps convert the initial products to CF.sub.3 --CFCl--CF.sub.3, which is dehalogenated to the desired product.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1989Date of Patent: November 26, 1991Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: James L. Webster, Swiatoslaw Trofimenko, Paul R. Resnick, Douglas W. Bruhnke, Jan J. Lerou, William H. Manogue, Leo E. Manzer, Elrey L. McCann, Steven H. Swearingen, James A. Trainham, Cristobal Bonifaz
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Patent number: 5057634Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons or partially halogenated acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons. In all these syntheses the first step is a vapor-phase chlorofluorination of the starting material to one or more saturated chlorofluorocarbons. Novel catalysts are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1989Date of Patent: October 15, 1991Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: James L. Webster, Elrey L. McCann, Douglas W. Bruhnke, Jan J. Lerou, William H. Manogue, Leo E. Manzer, Steven H. Swearingen, Swiatoslaw Trofimenko, Cristobal Bonifaz
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Patent number: 5043491Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from propane, propylene or partially halogenated acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons. In all these syntheses the first step is a vapor-phase chlorofluorination of the starting material to the unsaturated chlorofluorocarbon CF.sub.3 CClCCl.sub.2.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1989Date of Patent: August 27, 1991Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: James L. Webster, Elrey L. McCann, Douglas W. Bruhnke, Jan J. Lerou, Leo E. Manzer, William H. Manogue, Paul R. Resnick, Swiatoslaw Trofimenko
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Patent number: 4996379Abstract: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, a refrigerant, is formed with little formation of isomers or chlorofluoroethanes having not very different boiling points by reacting 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-114a), which may contain up to about 25 wt% of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-114), with hydrogen gas in the presence of a palladium-on-active alumina catalyst at a temperature lower than 200.degree. C. and not lower than 120.degree. C. R-114a almost free of R-114 is obtained by reacting 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst prepared by partially fluorinating .gamma.-alumina by treatment with hydrogen fluoride gas.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1989Date of Patent: February 26, 1991Assignee: Central Glass Company, LimitedInventors: Hideki Oshio, Sadaharu Mishumi, Kiyoshi Yagii, Satoshi Yoshikawa, Katsuyoshi Murata
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Patent number: 4967023Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 1989Date of Patent: October 30, 1990Assignee: Ausimont S.p.A.Inventors: Diego Carmello, Giorgio Guglielmo
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Patent number: 4912270Abstract: Chromium(III) oxide and hydroxide aerogels are produced by the reaction of chromium(VI) oxide with a solvent which is reducing to chromium(VI), such as methanol, heating the solution to hypercritical conditions, and venting the solvent hypercritically. The product aerogels exhibit surface areas above 400 m.sup.2 /g, pore volumes of at least 2 cm.sup.3 /g and a substantially uniform pore size distribution. Also disclosed is a unique process which employs high pore volume, high surface area chromium(III) oxide or hydroxide as a fluorination catalyst. More particularly, reaction of C.sub.2 Cl.sub.3 F.sub.3 with HF over these catalysts produced high yields of C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.4 and C.sub.2 ClF.sub.5.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 1988Date of Patent: March 27, 1990Assignee: Allied-Signal Inc.Inventors: Emery J. Carlson, John N. Armor, William J. Cunningham, Addison M. Smith
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Patent number: 4843181Abstract: An improved gas-phase process for the manufacture of 1,1,1-trifluorodichloroethane and/or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorochloroethane by contacting a suitable tetrahaloethylene and/or pentahaloethane with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, prepared by pyrolysis of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7, the reaction being conducted under controlled conditions whereby the production of pentafluoroethane is minimized.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1987Date of Patent: June 27, 1989Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: William H. Gumprecht, Leo E. Manzer, V. N. Mallikarjuna Rao
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Patent number: 4748285Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts for gaseous phase fluorination of aliphatic chlorinated derivatives by hydrofluoric acid. The catalysts comprise chromium oxide microspheres obtained by a sol-gel process. This invention also relates to gaseous phase fluorination processes for aliphatic chlorinated derivatives utilizing these catalysts.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1986Date of Patent: May 31, 1988Assignee: Produits Chimiques Ugine KuhlmannInventor: Louis Foulletier
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Patent number: 4605798Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous gaseous-phase process for the preparation of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane and monochloropentafluoroethane, in predetermined proportions, from tetrachloroethylene, chlorine and hydrofluoric acid in the presence of a catalyst. The process is characterized by the combination of two chlorination-fluorination reactors in sequence, a parallel fluorination-dismutation reactor, and a separation unit for extracting the desired products and recycling recovered hydrofluoric acid and non-fluorinated or insufficiently fluorinated products. The process advantageously yields dichlorotetrafluoroethane containing less than 7% asymmetric isomer, and trichlorotrifluoroethane containing less than 2% asymmetric isomer.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1981Date of Patent: August 12, 1986Assignee: PCUK Products Chimiques Ugine KuhlmannInventors: Michel Abel, Francois Fine, Louis Foulletier, Yvan Verot
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Patent number: 4578369Abstract: According to the specified process chromium oxyfluoride catalysts which have largely lost their activity are regenerated. The catalysts are mixed with magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide in the presence of water and converted into a paste. If necessary the mixture must be concentrated by evaporation until it exhibits the consistency of a paste. Finally the paste is dried. The paste is best converted into molded bodies such as, for example, granules before drying.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1985Date of Patent: March 25, 1986Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Muller, Gunter Siegemund
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Patent number: 4547483Abstract: A process is specified for preparing a chromium- and magnesium-containing catalyst for fluorination reactions by precipitating chromium(III) hydroxide. In this process, 1 mole of a water-soluble chromium(III) salt is reacted with at least 1.5 moles of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide in the presence of water, and the reaction mixture--if necessary by evaporation--is converted into a paste which contains chromium(III) hydroxide and a magnesium salt. The paste is dried and treated with hydrogen fluoride at temperatures of 20.degree. to 500.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1984Date of Patent: October 15, 1985Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Muller, Gunter Siegemund
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Patent number: H1188Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-132c) comprising contacting 1,1-dichloroethylene with lead dioxide and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Addition of fluorine to the double bond of vinylidene chloride can be achieved using inexpensive and readily available commercial raw materials.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 1990Date of Patent: May 4, 1993Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Mario J. Nappa, Allen C. Sievert