Abstract: Fluorinated paracyclophane compounds represented by the formula: where least one of R1 and R2 comprises a fluorinated moiety is disclosed. These compounds can be utilized as precursor dimer compounds to produce polymeric coatings comprising copolymers of trifluorinated paraxylylene, including flexible fluorinated paraxylylene coatings.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, systems and methods for the chemical and electrochemical modification of the electronic structure of graphene and especially epitaxial graphene (EG) are presented. Beneficially, such systems and methods allow the large-scale fabrication of electronic EG devices. Vigorous oxidative conditions may allow substantially complete removal of the EG carbon atoms and the generation of insulating regions; such processing is equivalent to that which is currently used in the semiconductor industry to lithographically etch or oxidize silicon and thereby define the physical features and electronic structure of the devices. However graphene offers an excellent opportunity for controlled modification of the hybridization of the carbon atoms from sp2 to sp3 states by chemical addition of organic functional groups.

Abstract: High assay reaction-derived decabromodiphenylethane product is produced and provided. The process comprises feeding diphenylethane, a partially brominated diphenylethane, or both subsurface into the liquid phase of a reaction mixture formed from components comprising excess liquid bromine and aluminum-based Lewis acid bromination catalyst. The temperature of the reaction mixture, the catalyst concentration in the excess bromine in the reaction mixture, and the feed time are coordinated in the processes to produce high assay reaction-derived decabromodiphenylethane product. Ways of effecting such coordination are described.

Abstract: Polybrominated bisaryl compounds containing bromomethyl or bromomethylene groups are provided, as well as flameproof polymeric formulations comprising the compounds. The novel compounds exhibit a good thermal stability, and are particularly suitable for flame-retarding polystyrene thermoplastic foams. A process for making the polybrominated bisaryl compounds is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for bromomethylation of organic compounds, wherein said process is a two stage process comprising of the following stages: a) reacting paraformaldehyde with hydrogen bromide and separating bis-bromomethyl ether (BBME) from the reaction mixture, and, b) reacting BBME obtained in stage (a) with an organic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, to obtain the bromomethylated organic compound. Further provided by the present invention is a process for the preparation of 4,4?-bis-(diethylphosphonomethyl)-biphenyl (BPMB).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for bromomethylation of organic compounds, wherein said process is a two stage process comprising of the following stages: a) reacting paraformaldehyde with hydrogen bromide and separating bis-bromomethyl ether (BBME) from the reaction mixture, and, b) reacting BBME obtained in stage (a) with an organic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, to obtain the bromomethylated organic compound. Further provided by the present invention is a process for the preparation of 4,4′-bis-(diethylphosphonomethyl)-biphenyl (BPMB).

Abstract: A preferred process for producing a brominated, non-fused aromatic composition involves a continuous bromination in a continuous, mixed reactor such as a continuous stirred tank reactor. Bromine and the aromatic substrate, and optionally a bromination catalyst, are continuously fed to a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture is continuously withdrawn from the reaction zone after an established average residence time. Bromination levels can be readily controlled by controlling the average residence time of the reaction mixture within the reaction zone. Preferred continuos processes also provide mixed, brominated compositions having product distributions which are substantially broader than that obtained by batch brominations conducted to achieve the same level of bromination. Preferred products thus have broad melting ranges which are advantageous in compounding operations.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substituted styrene by reacting a bisarylalkyl ether in the presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed. The process is preferably used for the preparation of 4-acetoxystyrene from 4,4'-(oxydiethylidene)bisphenol diacetate and 4-methoxystyrene from 4,4'-(oxydiethylidene)bisphenol dimethyl ether. A process for preparing a bisarylalkyl ether by reacting a corresponding arylalkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Dielectric liquids are prepared by (a) Friedel-Crafts condensing at least one aromatic halide with at least one aromatic compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of ferric chloride, and thereafter deliberately avoiding any downstream destruction/neutralization and/or washing of such ferric chloride catalyst, (b) optionally, removing unreacted reactants from the medium of reaction, and (c) recovering from such medium of reaction a purified dielectric liquid; the subject process is thus environmentally improved by avoiding the generation of aqueous solutions containing contaminating amounts of objectionable organic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a p-halogenobenzophenone derivative of a high purity in a high yield at a low cost in the presence of a repeatedly usable catalyst having a long life and free from the problem of waste water treatment without using any chemical of a strong toxicity. According to the present invention, the p-halogenobenzophenone derivative is produced by reacting an (un)substituted benzotrichloride of the following formula (I) with a halogenobezene of the following formula (II) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of alumina, nickel sulfate, zirconium oxide, amorphous silica/alumina and a mixture of two or more of them or a catalyst obtained by treating these compounds with an acid and hydrolyzing the resulting bisphenyldichloromethane of the following formula (III): ##STR1## wherein X represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom and Y represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing 3,5-dichloroalkylbenzene and recovering 1,3-dichlorobenzene from a starting mixture of 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzenes. The process includes the sequential steps of selectively alkylating the 1,3-dichlorobenzene in the starting mixture; isomerizing a portion of the 2,4-dichloroalkylbenzene produced to 3,5-dichloroalkylbenzene; separating the 1,4-dichlorobenzene from the isomeric mixture of dichlorocumenes; and selectively transalkylating the dichlorocumenes to yield alkylbenzene, 3,5-dichloroalkylbenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene. By selectively alkylating only a portion of the 1,3-dichlorobenzene, the reaction products are obtained in good yield and substantially free of undesirable by-products.

Abstract: A process for producing brominated acenaphthylene condensates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 1 or 2, y is an integer from 1 to 6 and n is 1 or more, from elementary units of the following formulas: ##STR2## wherein y is as defined above, comprising, (A) brominating the side chain of the acenaphthene with 0.2 to 2.0 times as many moles of bromine as acenaphthene, said bromination initiated by ultraviolet radiation or by a radical initiator in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, (B) adding a Lewis acid catalyst to the reaction solution of step (A) to promote the condensation of the brominated acenaphthene product of step (A), (C) adding to the reaction solution of step (B) an equimolar or more amount of bromine relative to the amount of acenaphthene starting material, to further brominate and condense the brominated acenaphthene and/or brominated acenaphthene condensates; and (D) dehydrobrominating the brominated acenaphthene condensates.

Abstract: Compositions useful as pour point depressants, novel compounds within such compositions, and processes for making same, as well as lubricant oil compositions containing same, are disclosed. The novel compounds are encompassed by the general structural formula (I)Ar(R)--[Ar'(R')].sub.n --Ar" (I)wherein the Ar, Ar' and Ar" are independently an aromatic moiety containing 1 to 3 aromatic rings and each aromatic moiety is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents, (R) and (R') are independently an alkylene group containing about 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH.sub.2, and n is 0 to about 1000; with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH.sub.2 and each aromatic moiety is independently substituted with 0 to 3 substituents with one aromatic moiety having at least one substituent, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of the dimer, dichloro-[2,2]paracyclophane, which is useful as the starting material for the deposition of conformal parylene coatings employed, for example, in the electronics industry for the protection of various sensitive electronic components.The process avoids the normally low yields of chlorinated dimer formed by the chlorination of 2,2-paracyclophane and instead utilizes the Hofmann elimination of 2(3)-chloro-p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide by conducting the elimination reaction under carefully controlled conditions of reaction temperature and profile, reaction feed configuration, water concentration in the reactor and the use of a cosolvent, certain reaction promoters, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of (2,2)-paracyclophane or derivatives thereof by the Hofmann elimination of p-methylbenzyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide or derivatives thereof, in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, wherein said elimination is carried out in the presence of a compound of the formula (I):Y--A--(X).sub.n (I)wherein A represents an aromatic group, Y an electron donor group, X an electron acceptor group, and n is an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: Compositions useful as pour point depressants, novel compounds within such compositions, and processes for making same, as well as lubricant oil compositions containing same, are disclosed. The novel compounds are encompassed by the general structural formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the Ar, Ar' and Ar" are independently an aromatic moiety containing 1 to 3 aromatic rings and each aromatic moiety is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents, (R) and (R') are independently an alkylene group containing about 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH.sub.2, and n is 0 to about 1000; with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH.sub.2 and each aromatic moiety is independently substituted with 0 to 3 substituents with one aromatic moiety having at least one substituent, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is the vapor phase cyclodehydration of an aldehyde or ketone over a solid Lewis acid as catalyst to make indene or a substituted indene according to the equation: ##STR1##

Abstract: Provided is a process for converting an aromatic compound to prepare an iodoarene, Ar--I, and an aryl compound which is a compound wherein an unsaturated compound is bonded directly to an aryl group, Ar, which process comprises reacting a diaryliodonium salt represented by general formula (I)[Ar--I.sup..sym. --Ar]X.sup..crclbar. (I)wherein Ar is an aryl group which may be substituted and two Ar's are identical and X.sup..crclbar. is a counter ion inert to the reaction with the unsaturated compound in a solvent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a base or a reducing metal, said reaction being carried out at a temperature not higher than 80.degree. C. and/or by using at least one of the base, the reducing metal and the unsaturated compound in an amount not more than 1.

Abstract: Methylene coupled aromatic compounds are prepared by contacting an aromatic reactant having a reactive hydrogen with chloromethyl methyl carbonate at a temperature from about 25.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: New compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where n, x, y and z have value 1 or 2, their process of preparation and their use as dielectrics such as insulating fluids for transformers alone or in mixture with one or more products of general formula: ##STR2## where a varies from 2 to 4, b varies from 0 to 2 and R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Styryl-cyclopropane derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.9 represents independently of one another when n=2, halogen, cyano, nitro, or an optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio or alkylenedioxy radical,n represents zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,R.sup.10 represents hydrogen or halogenandY represents acetyl, cyano or carbamoyl, are produced by reacting a benzylphosphonic acid ester of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.4 each independently represents alkyl or phenyl or together represent alkylene, with a formylcyclopropane derivative of the formula ##STR3## or by reacting an .alpha.-hydroxyphosphonic acid ester of the formula ##STR4## with an olefinating agent of the formula ##STR5## in which Z' represents a phosphorus-containing radical ##STR6## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are identical or different and individually represent alkyl, phenyl, alkoxy or pehnoxy or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together represent alkanedioxy,R.sup.