Abstract: A method of the present invention, for producing an iodizing agent, includes the step of electrolyzing iodine molecules in a solution by using an acid as a supporting electrolyte. This realizes (i) a method of producing an iodine cation suitable for use as an iodizing agent that does not require a sophisticated separation operation after iodizing reaction is completed, and (ii) an electrolyte used in the method. Further, a method of the present invention, for producing an aromatic iodine compound, includes the step of causing an iodizing agent, and an aromatic compound whose nucleus has one or more substituent groups and two or more hydrogen atoms, to react with each other under the presence of a certain ether compound. This realizes such a method of producing an aromatic iodine compound that position selectivity in iodizing reaction of an aromatic compound is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing iodinated aromatic compounds. Particularly, the present invention comprises the step of performing the iodination of a non-halogenated aromatic compound, a monoiodo aromatic compound, a diiodo aromatic compound, and iodine in the presence of a zeolite catalyst under oxygen atmosphere. In the process for preparing iodinated aromatic compounds according to the present invention, an iodination and an iodine conversion simultaneously occur, and then prevent side-reactions. Also, the lifetime of an iodination catalyst used therein can be extended by controlling the reaction temperature stably. Therefore, the process can be used for mass production of diiodo compound.

Abstract: Catalyst for the fixed bed oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane in form of hollow cylindrical granules having total pore volume from 0.4 to 0.55 ml/g prevailingly formed of micro and mesopores having diameter between 7 and 50 nm, wherein the mesopores constitute the major component, and the macropores having diameter of more than 50 nm up to 10,000 nm being present by 15-35%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing an iodinated aromatic compound. More specifically, disclosed is a method of preparing an iodinated aromatic compound by iodinating an aromatic compound in the presence of oxygen over a zeolite catalyst, in which the aromatic compound and its monoiodo compound, as raw materials, are allowed to react with iodine. In comparison with a method in which only the aromatic compound is used as a raw material without adding the monoiodo compound, the disclosed method can increase the productivity of diiodo compounds and the selectivity to a p-diiodo compound and, at the same time, suppress side reactions, thus lengthening the life span of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a production method for an iodine compound in which iodine is reacted with a substrate in the presence of a porous material having a pore diameter of 500 nm or less or in the presence of the above porous material and an oxidizing agent and a production process for high purity 5-iodo-2-methylbenzoic acid comprising an iodination reaction step carried out by the above-mentioned, a crystal precipitation and separation step in which a product is precipitated by adding water or cooling and then separated and a purification step in which crystal separated is recrystallized using an organic solvent. According to the production method for an iodine compound described above, iodine can be introduced into various substrates at a high selectivity. Since expensive metals and specific reagents do not have to be used, it can readily be carried out in an industrially scale, and the product having a high purity can be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to the selective oxidation of organic compounds. According to the invention organic compounds are selectively oxidized using a peracid or a source of peracid, a transition metal based heterogeneous catalysts and a borate or boric acid in the presence of water. Using the process of the present invention, both excellent conversion and product selectivity maybe obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for the oxychlorination of ethylene, comprising a mixture of metal salts on a support, where said metal salts are applied to the support in such ratios that the catalyst composition comprises a) from 3 to 12% by weight of copper as copper salt, b) from 0 to 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal as alkaline earth metal salt, c) from 0 to 3% by weight of an alkaline metal as alkaline metal salt, d) from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.005 to 0.05% by weight, of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, and/or from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 0.05% by weight, of gold, as corresponding metal salt or tetrachloroauric acid, where all percentages by weight are based on the total weight of the catalyst including support material.

Abstract: A process for the halogenation of an aromatic compound wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with a halogenating agent in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. The method in preferably halide, sulfur or nitrate ionic liquids has significant advantages over conventional halogenation reactions. These are that the reaction starts with, e.g., a halide salt rather than, e.g., a halogen, and is therefore more convenient and safer. Also, when the reaction is performed in a nitrate ionic liquid, the only by-product is water.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are described for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethene with hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing gas in an oxychlorination reactor by means of a fluidised bed with formation of a reaction gas, wherein the reactor gas is filtered outside the oxychlorination reactor by means of at least one filter candle.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethene with hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing gas in an oxychlorination reactor with formation of a reaction gas, wherein the reaction gas is, after filtration, condensed without prior quenching.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane that is very pure with respect to chloral or/and chloral hydrate and carbon dioxide is described herein. The process comprises oxychlorination of ethylene, using hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing gas, and alkali treatment of the 1,2-dichloroethane produced. In the process, the carbon dioxide present in the 1,2-dichloroethane-containing organic phase is, in accordance with the invention, substantially separated out from the 1,2-dichloroethane-containing organic phase before the alkali treatment.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethene in the presence of a copper-containing fixed-bed catalyst comprising a bed essentially consisting of catalyst particles which comprise, at least partially, support material impregnated with an active component and, if desired, a promoter, where the catalyst bed comprises essentially no separate inert material for dilution.

Abstract: A method of making a benzoyl halide is disclosed. Into a reactor is placed a reaction mixture of a benzotrihalide and a benzaldehyde having the respective general formulas where each A is independently selected from halogen, CF3, R, or OR, each B is independently selected from halogen, CF3, or R, R is alkyl from C1 to C10 or aryl from C6 to C12, each X is independently selected from Cl and Br, m is 0 to 3, and n is 0 to 2. Also added is at least about 10 ppm of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc salts and copper salts, and an optional solvent. The addition of an ammonium halide to the product mixture forms the corresponding amide, which can be dehydrated to form the corresponding nitrile.

Abstract: A process for providing an &agr;-fluorinated-&bgr;-dicarbonyl includes electrophilically fluorinating a &bgr;-dicarbonyl with bis-fluoroxydifluoromethane in the presence of an acid to provide the &agr;-monofluorinated-&bgr;-dicarbonyl. The acid is preferably hydrofluoric acid. Preferred &bgr;-dicarbonyls include methyl-3-oxopentanoate and ethyl-4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate. The process can limit radical impurity byproducts to no more than 4% in some cases, and less than 0.5% in other cases. Theoretical yields of 95% &agr;-monofluorinated-&bgr;-dicarbonyl are possible in some cases.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel contrast media particularly useful for X-ray diagnostic investigations of human and animal body.

Abstract: Disclosed are an oxychlorination catalyst comprising a carrier material, and a palladium compound, a copper compound and a vanadium compound which are supported on the carrier material; an oxychlorination catalyst comprising a carrier material, and a palladium compound, a copper compound, a vanadium compound and an alkaline earth metal compound which are supported on the carrier material; processes for preparing these catalysts; and a method for oxychlorination of an olefin or an aromatic hydrocarbon using one of these catalysts.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons, e.g., ethylene, are steady-state catalytically oxychlorinated into chlorocarbons, e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane, by fluidizing a fluidizable charge by directing a gaseous feedstream containing a hydrocarbon therethrough and therein oxychlorinating such hydrocarbon, the gaseous feedstream further comprising an oxygen-containing gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid and the fluidizable charge comprising immixture of a catalytically effective amount of an oxychlorination catalyst and particles of a catalytically and chemically inert solid substance, and which further comprises introducing a solution or suspension of a catalytically active copper compound into such fluidized charge during the oxychlorination reaction.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are oxychlorinated by reaction with gaseous HCl and an oxygen-containing gas, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a ternary copper/molybdenum chalcogenide having the formula:Cu.sub.x Mo.sub.6 Ch.sub.8wherein x is a number ranging up to 4 and Ch is sulfur, selenium or tellurium, advantageously, in the added presence of a known oxychlorination catalyst and, optionally, a proportion of inert particulate solids; the ternary molybdenum chalcogenides of the formula M.sub.x Mo.sub.6 S.sub.8 are also prepared, wherein M is a metal, advantageously by the hydrogen gas reduction of intimate admixture of MoS.sub.2 and metal M, or precursors thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for regeneration of a 13X zeolite catalyst comprising conducting the following steps within the regeneration zone wherein the 13X zeolite is located.(1) Applying vacuum or delivering a source of molecular oxygen or inert gas at a temperature above 100.degree. C. to remove a portion of the volatile compounds from the 13X zeolite,(2) Cooling the 13X zeolite to a temperature below 100 degrees C.,(3) Contacting the 13X zeolite with an aqueous solution having a pH in the range of 7 to 14,(4) Drying the 13X zeolite,(5) Delivering an oxygen containing calcination gas to the regeneration zone and heating the 13X zeolite to a temperature in the range of 350.degree. to 450.degree. C.,(6) Cooling the 13X zeolite to a temperature below 100 degrees C., and(7) Contacting the 13X zeolite with an aqueous solution having a pH in the range of 7 to 14.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparation of a stream which is both selectively high in 2,6-diiodonaphthalene and also contains substantial quantities of diiodonaphthalene. First, naphthalene is oxyiodinated in the presence of a zeolite catalyst to produce a stream which is selectively high in 2-monoiodonaphthalene and the 2-monoiodonaphthalene is separated from the stream to produce a stream which is both selectively high in 2-monoiodonaphthalene and contains substantial quantities of 2-monoiodonaphthalene. Second, this stream is then oxyiodinated in the presence of a zeolite catalyst to produce a stream which is selectively high in 2,6-diiodonaphthalene and then 2,6-diiodonaphthalene is separated from the stream to produce the stream which is both selectively high in 2,6-diiodonaphthalene and contains substantial quantities of 2,6-diiodonaphthalene.

Abstract: A process for iodinating aromatic compounds by reacting an aromatic compound with oxygen at low temperatures in the presence of a non-acid catalyst containing an oxidation catalyst. The catalyst may be regenerated by heating the catalyst in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the catalytic trans-halogenation of a poly-iodo-benzene, wherein said poly-iodo-benzene is made to react with benzene and with oxygen, in the presence of a zeolite of the PENTASIL type, exchanged with a metal of the II, III or IV group of the periodical system and anyway present in forms different from the acidic form.

Abstract: The process relates to a process for the vapor phase bromination of aromatic compounds in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst comprising an oxidizing metal and an inert support.

Abstract: A process for the liquid-phase oxyiodination of naphthalene which comprises (1) preparing a liquid-phase feed mixture of iodine and naphthalene and/or iodine, naphthalene and iodonaphthalenes, and (2) contacting the feed mixture with a zeolite catalyst in the presence of a gaseous source of oxygen to produce an iodinated naphthalene mixture and water, and (3) removing water from the iodinated naphthalene mixture.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the catalytic trans-halogenation of a poly-iodo-benzene, wherein said poly-iodo-benzene is made to react with benzene and with oxygen, in the presence of a zeolite of the X type or of the Y type, exchanged with an alkali metal, with thallium or with a rare earth and anyway present in a form different from the acidic form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for isomerizing liquid iodoaromatic compounds over an acid catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for isomerizing iodoaromatic compounds over a non-acidic zeolite catalyst in the liquid or gas phase in the presence of a source of iodine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for iodinating aromatic compounds by reacting an aromatic compound with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing alkaline or alkaline earth cations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for iodinating aromatic compounds by reacting an aromatic compound with oxygen at low temperatures in the presence of a non-acid catalyst containing an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for iodinating aromatic compounds, comprising the steps of iodinating an aromatic compound, separating a desired iodoaromatic product from the product mixture, purifying said desired iodoaromatic product, and isolating said desired product.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of iodobenzene by iodination, in the gaseous phase, of benzene with iodine, in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst, selected from the group comprising the zeolites of X type or of Y type, characterized in that said iodination is an oxidative one and that said zeolites are in a form different from the acid (H) form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for iodinating an aromatic compound over a zeolite catalyst containing a deactivation modifier selected from the group consisting of ions or salts of hydrogen, copper, zinc, cadmium, silver and mercury.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of iodobenzene by oxydative iodination in a gaseous phase of benzene with iodine and oxygen, air or another gas containing oxygen, in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst, selected from the group comprising the zeolites of ZSM 5 and ZSM 11 type.

Abstract: A process for iodinating an aromatic compound in which a source of iodine is reacted with the aromatic compound in the presence of oxygen over a non-acid catalyst wherein the aromatic compound has a fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy or cyano group.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for iodination of aromatic compounds in the presence of oxygen over a zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for iodinating an aromatic compound which comprises reacting iodine and the aromatic compound over a non-acid catalyst, wherein the catalyst has been contacted with an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt, with a source of iodine and a source of molecular oxygen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for iodination of aromatic compounds in the presence of oxygen over a zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A reagent comprising the product of the reaction of an alkali metal hydroxide with a polyglycol or a polyglycol monoalkyl ether and oxygen, effects complete decomposition of halogenated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), when mixed therewith in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: In an integrated process for oxychlorination and combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbon is burned to recover chlorine values essentially as hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride is recovered from the effluent from the combustion by absorption with aqueous hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride recovered by the absorption is subsequently recovered and employed in an oxychlorination reaction. A gas containing hydrogen chloride, water vapor and some oxygen recovered from the oxychlorination is cooled to condense aqueous hydrogen chloride which is employed in the absorption for recovering hydrogen chloride. The remaining gas is employed in the combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In an integrated process for oxychlorination and combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons is burned to recover chlorine values essentially as hydrogen chloride. Combustion effluent and off-gas from an oxychlorination reaction are simultaneously treated to recover anhydrous hydrogen chloride for use in the oxychlorination reaction. In accordance with one embodiment, off-gas from the oxychlorination is employed in the combustion, prior to hydrogen chloride recovery in order to utilize any oxygen values therein. The process has particular applicability to an oxychlorination reaction of the type wherein a molten salt containing the higher and lower valent chlorides of a multivalent metal is contacted with hydrogen chloride and oxygen to recover hydrogen chloride by enriching the higher valent metal chloride content of the molten salt.

Abstract: An improvement in fluid-bed oxychlorination methods comprising in combination a generally cup-shaped container and an inverted generally cone-shaped gas distributor having a truncated apex the section of truncation defining a generally circular or polygonal opening, the lip portion of the container fitting against the similarly-shaped opening of the distributor.

Abstract: Chlorobenzene is produced by contacting a gaseous flow comprising benzene, oxygen and a halogenating agent, at a temperature of from 190.degree. to 230.degree. C., with a fluidized bed of catalyst particles comprising copper chloride deposited on an eta alumina support having a total volume of pores of from 0.3 to 0.5 ml/g and a surface area of from 250 to 400 m.sup.2 /g.