Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing monoiodinated aromatic compounds that are useful as intermediates for preparing charge transporting and hole transporting amino compounds and have high purity with high yield and at low cost. A process for preparing aryl iodide compounds comprises reacting an aryl halide compound with a metal iodide, a metal catalyst and a catalyst coordinating ligand in at least one solvent to form an aryl iodide; and purifying the aryl iodide. A triarylamine compound and a process for preparing a triarylamine compounds reacting the aryl iodide with a diarylamine is also provided. Further, a photoconductive imaging member comprising a charge transport layer that comprises at least one triarylamine compound prepared reacting the aryl iodide with a diarylamine is provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing a composition of the formula in a yield greater than 50% where R1 is C 1-20 comprising the steps of combining fluorene or dibromo flourene, an excess of alkali metal hydroxide and a halogenated alkyl in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst but in the absence of a polar aprotic solvent; heating the combination; and separating the dialkylated fluorene or dialylated dibromo fluorene. If the flourene is not brominated prior to alkylation, the dialkylated fluorene is then brominated.

Abstract: A process for the halogenation of an aromatic compound wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with a halogenating agent in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. The method in preferably halide, sulfur or nitrate ionic liquids has significant advantages over conventional halogenation reactions. These are that the reaction starts with, e.g., a halide salt rather than, e.g., a halogen, and is therefore more convenient and safer. Also, when the reaction is performed in a nitrate ionic liquid, the only by-product is water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process which comprises feeding a mixture formed from diphenylethane and bromine to a stirrable reaction mass comprised of bromine and a bromination catalyst to yield a decabromodiphenylethane wet cake which can be most economically treated to provide a high quality decabromodiphenylethane product.

Abstract: A new eco-friendly process is described in the present invention for the preparation of bromobenzene through substitution of one of the C—H proton of benzene ring with a highly reactive hypobromous acid generated in situ, said process comprises the steps of activating a water soluble, easy to handle, brominating reagent with a mineral acid at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure to generate active bromine species which in turn reacts with benzene.

Abstract: A method of producing decabromodiphenyl alkanes includes the steps of charging a reaction vessel with bromine and a bromination catalyst and introducing a diphenyl alkane into the vessel at a location above the level of the charge bromine and catalyst. A dip tube apparatus for introducing the diphenyl alkane includes an inner tube and an outer tube, each of which are disposed above the surface of the bromine reaction vessel. The inner tube is fitted with a plug having an opening. Diphenyl alkane flows through the inner tube, out the opening in the plug, and into the reactor. The outer tube is disposed around and along the inner tube. Reaction mass from the vessel is recirculated from the vessel, through the outer tube and back to the vessel so as to form a curtain of reaction mass around the stream of diphenyl alkane being simultaneously fed into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process which comprises feeding a mixture formed from disphenylethane and bromine to a stirrable reaction mass comprised of bromine and a bromination catalyst to yield a decabromodiphenylethane wet cake which can be most economically treated to provide a high quality decabromodiphenylethane product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process which comprises feeding a mixture formed from diphenylethane and bromine to a stirrable reaction mass comprised of bromine and a bromination catalyst to yield a decabromodiphenylethane wet cake which can be most economicaly treated to provide a high quality decabromodiphenylethane product.

Abstract: A light-emitting polymer and its preparation method, the polymer being excellent in electron injection and transport ability as well as hole injection and transport ability in an EL device, the EL device manufactured from the polymer being also emittable in the blue emission region, in which the EL device from an inorganic material is not mostly emittable. The light-emitting polymer of the invention is an alternated copolymer having repeated units (arylenevinylene units) excellent in hole injection and transport ability and repeated units (fluorinated tetraphenyl units) excellent in electron injection and transport ability with alternated order, as shown in formula (II). An EL device manufactured from the light-emitting polymer, a fluorinated tetraphenyl derivative of formula (I), which is used as a monomer to prepare the light-emitting polymer, and their preparation methods.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a bromo-aromatic condensed ring compound which comprises reacting an aromatic condensed ring compound in which the number of carbon atom constituting the aromatic condensed ring is 15 or more with a N-bromo carboxylic acid amide in the presence of a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound and sulfuric acid to brominate said aromatic condensed ring compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process which comprises feeding a mixture formed from diphenylethane and bromine to a stirrable reaction mass comprised of bromine and a bromination catalyst to yield a decabromodiphenylethane wet cake which can be most economically treated to provide a high quality decabromodiphenylethane product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an iodinated aromatic compound, which comprises reacting an aromatic compound with an iodine compound in the presence of a chlorate as an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Aromatic substrates such as fluorobenzene can be selectively brominated in high yield and conversion in short reaction periods by reacting the substrate with a brominating agent in a liquid reaction medium and in the presence of a catalyst composition formed by including in the medium a combination of (i) a shape selective HY or HM or zeolite catalyst, and (ii) at least one Lewis acid in a ratio of from 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight of (ii) per part by weight of (i). The bromination is performed at one or more temperatures in the range of 30 to 70° C., and the amount of the zeolite is no more than about 10 grams per mole of aromatic substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a novel process for the preparation of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)bromobenzene (CAS 328-70-1). This compound is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of compounds which possess pharmacological activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of increasing the percentage of certain isomers made when di or tri-substituted benzenes are chlorinated in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The use of about 0.001 to about 1 wt % a cocatalyst during chlorination alters the isomeric ratio of the product mixture. In particular, the percentage of the 2,5-isomer is increased when said substituted benzene is ortho or meta-substituted, the percentage of the 3,4-isomer is increased when said substituted benzene is para-substituted, and the percentage of the 2,4,5-isomer is increased when said substituted benzene is 2,4-disubstituted, 3,4-disubstituted, or 2,5-disubstituted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of adding 1 to 4 chlorine or bromine atoms to an aromatic ring of compound that has at least one electron-withdrawing groups on that ring. The aromatic compound is reacted with a chlorinating agent or a brominating agent in the presence of about 0.1 to about 10 mole % of a Lewis acid catalyst at a temperature of ambient to about 100° C. and a pressure of about 10 to about 100 psig.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making high purity 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorotoluene from parachlorotoluene that contains some metachlorotoluene. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and about 0.5 to about 10 equivalents of a brominating agent are added to the parachlorotoluene. The metachlorotoluene is brominated, but most of the parachlorotoluene is not brominated. Without separating the brominated products from the unbrominated products, about 0.5 to about 1.5 equivalents of a chlorinating agent are added, whereby only the unbrominated products (i.e., the parachlorotoluene) are chlorinated. The resulting 2,4-dichlorotoluene and 3,4-dichlorotoluene can be separated by distillation.

Abstract: The invention provides a process by which ultra low salt content triiodinated aromatic compounds may be isolated from a highly acidic hot triiodination raction medium in a straightforward fashion. The process involves increasing the pH to above 5 with sodium hydroxide, addition of sodium bisulphite and/or sodium dithionite, addition of seed crystals, cooling slowly, and washing the collected precipitate with water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of separating the meta isomer of a halotoluene having the general formula ##STR1## from a mixture with at least one other isomer, where X is Cl or Br. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst is added to the mixture and the mixture is exposed to a brominating agent which preferentially brominates the meta isomer. The mixture is then heated at a temperature above the boiling point of the other isomers but below the boiling point of the brominated meta isomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of adding 1 to 4 chlorine or bromine atoms to an aromatic ring of compound that has at least one electron-withdrawing groups on that ring. The aromatic compound is reacted with a chlorinating agent or a brominating agent in the presence of about 0.1 to about 10 mole % of a Lewis acid catalyst and about 0.001 to about 0.1 equivalents of an iodine-containing cocatalyst at a temperature of ambient to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel brominated polyphenylmethanes, such as poly(tetrabromobenzyl bromide), are provided in a one step process by reacting a benzyl halide and bromine in the presence of a Friedel Crafts catalyst. The brominated polyphenylmethanes can be added to flammable organic polymers to make flame retardant polymer compositions.

Abstract: A brominated 1,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) indane herein disclosed is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein x and z each independently represents an integer ranging from 0 to 5, y represents an integer ranging from 0 to 4, provided that x+y+z>1). The compound can be prepared by a method which comprises the step of reacting 1,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) indane with a bromination agent. The brominated indane is excellent in flame-resistance, has a high thermal decomposition temperature and never generates brominated dioxine and/or brominated dibenzofuran when burning at a specific temperature. Therefore, the compound is suitably used for imparting flame-resistance to a variety of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-halocumenes is disclosed wherein the halogen in the halocumene is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, the process including the step of reacting cumene with a halogenating agent in a liquid phase in the presence of a solvent, an aliphatic carboxylic acid component, and a zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A crude bromotoluene mixture comprising at least 70 wt % of a mixture of p-bromotoluene and o-bromotoluene, and wherein the weight ratio of p-bromotoluene:o-bromotoluene is in the range of 50:50 to 99:1 is cooled to a temperature at which crystals of product enriched in p-bromotoluene are formed in a first residual mother liquor. After removing the residual mother liquor from the crystals of product enriched in p-bromotoluene, the crystals are partially melted to form a mixture of residual higher purity p-bromotoluene in the form of crystals, and a second mother liquor having a higher content of o-bromotoluene than said first residual mother liquor. This higher purity p-bromotoluene and the second mother liquor are separated from each other. The entire procedure starting with the above cooling step can be repeated as a second stage and again as a third stage each time using as the initial feed the residual higher purity p-bromotoluene that is separated from the second mother liquor of the preceding stage.

Abstract: A process for preparing mono-iodinated aromatic compound is disclosed, wherein the process comprises iodinating an aromatic compound, at least two portions of which can be iodinated, in a solvent mixture of water and acetic acid using iodic acid or periodic acid and iodine, wherein the iodic acid or periodic acid and iodine, and the aromatic compound are added in an amount so that the ratio of the atom number of iodine atom to the molecular number of the aromatic compound is less than 1.The process provides a mono-iodinated aromatic compound having high purity in a high yield.

Abstract: An anhydrous mixture containing a liquid phase and a solids phase formed from components comprising finely-divided sodium fluoride, hexabromobenzene, and a phosphonium catalyst, and optionally a liquid aprotic solvent/diluent, is heated at a temperature and for a time at which sodium bromide and at least one hexahalobenzene containing at least two fluorine atoms are produced. Preferably, the sodium fluoride is activated by one or more of procedures specified herein.

Abstract: A preferred process for producing a brominated, non-fused aromatic composition involves a continuous bromination in a continuous, mixed reactor such as a continuous stirred tank reactor. Bromine and the aromatic substrate, and optionally a bromination catalyst, are continuously fed to a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture is continuously withdrawn from the reaction zone after an established average residence time. Bromination levels can be readily controlled by controlling the average residence time of the reaction mixture within the reaction zone. Preferred continuos processes also provide mixed, brominated compositions having product distributions which are substantially broader than that obtained by batch brominations conducted to achieve the same level of bromination. Preferred products thus have broad melting ranges which are advantageous in compounding operations.

Abstract: A method of halogenating an aromatic compound which comprises the steps of reacting an halogenating agent with the aromatic compound in the presence of fluorine and an acid, wherein the halogenating agent is at least one of an iodinating agent, a brominating agent and an chlorinating agent.

Abstract: A two step bromination process for manufacturing a polybrominated indane product such as octabromophenyl indane comprises the steps of:(a) forming an intermediate by reacting an indane compound with bromine, under reaction conditions so as to dissolve and partially ar-brominate the indane compound to contain an average of at least about two ar-bromine atoms per molecule, and(b) catalytically ar-brominating the intermediate to obtain a polybrominated indane product, the catalytic ar-bromination occurring in the presence of an aluminum or iron containing bromination catalyst or other bromination catalyst having a catalytic activity substantially equivalent thereto and in a mole ratio of bromine to said intermediate of at least 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the generation of NO gas by exposing zwitterionic polyamine-nitric oxide adducts of the formula RN?N(O)NO.sup.- !(CH.sub.2).sub.x NH.sub.2.sup.+ R', wherein R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aminoalkyl, or cyclohexy, R'=hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, and x=2-6, to suitable conditions to effect the release of NO, such as by contact with a mildly acidic solvent or water of neutral or slightly alkaline pH.

Abstract: Novel fire retardant compounds are disclosed, which are poly-halogenated TMPI and MPI compounds containing three or more halogen atoms per molecule. A process for the preparation of these compounds and polymeric compositions containing them are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel contrast media particularly useful for X-ray diagnostic investigations of human and animal body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation and uses of 1-substituted-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts, specifically 1-hydroxyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts as reagents for the introduction of fluorine in organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chlorofluoronitrobenzenes and difluoronitrobenzenes, which comprises heating dichloronitrobenzene to not more than 200.degree. C. in excess with an alkali metal fluoride having a total water content of about 0.2 to about 2.5% by weight in the presence of a quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salt, crown ether and/or polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether as catalyst in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: Described are processes for preparing brominated diphenylalkane products which are far whiter than prior known brominated diphenylalkane products. The resultant white brominated diphenylalkane products also form a part of the present invention, as do formulations incorporating the white brominated diphenylalkane products, and articles prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Compounds having acidic protons and a molecular structure which can delocalize the electron density of the conjugate base (target compounds) are chlorinated by contacting such compounds with a perchloroalkane and aqueous base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is an tetraalkylammonium hydroxide. Chlorinated products, preferably gem-dichloro compounds, are produced. The gem-dichloro compounds are useful for alkylation of aromatic compounds. For instance fluorene is chlorinated to form 9,9-dichlorofluorene which is reacted with such compounds as phenol or aniline to form such compounds as 9,9-bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(aminophenyl)fluorene, or 9-aminophenyl-9-chlorofluorene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a brominated compound which comprises the step of reacting at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a chloroformate, a chlorosulfite and a chlorophosphite with a brominating agent for a time sufficient to obtain at least one brominated compound. In particular, an alcohol is converted into a chloroformate, chlorosulfite or a chlorophosphite, which is then brominated to obtain the desired product. In another embodiment, a brominating agent is reacted with a reactant selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride, phosgene and phosphorous oxychloride, followed by contacting the reaction product obtained with an alcohol to be brominated.

Abstract: A method for dehalogenating halogenated polyaromatic compounds is provided wherein the polyaromatic compounds are mixed with a hydrogen donor solvent and a carbon catalyst in predetermined proportions, the mixture is maintained at a predetermined pressure, and the mixture is heated to a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for preparing a product predominant in decabromodiphenylethane. In the improved process the diphenylethane is reacted with bromine in the presence of bromination catalyst in a reaction vessel by feeding diphenylethane to the reaction vessel below the liquid level of bromine in the reaction vessel. The improvement comprises contacting diphenylethane, bromine, and catalyst at a rate sufficient to obtain a diphenylethane predominant product having enhanced color and particle size.

Abstract: Alkylaromatics are subjected to nuclear chlorination in the liquid phase in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalyst mixtures comprising compounds of iron and antimony and cocatalysts of the formula (II) ##STR1## wherein the substituents have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: When the halogen content of polyhalogenated aromatics is decreased by reaction with monohalogenated and/or non-halogenated aromatics in the gas phase, good yields and significantly improved catalyst service lives are achieved if the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst and in the presence of a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: Tribromostyrene (TBS) is produced by the preparation of a TBS precursor, which is .beta.-bromoethyl-tribromobenzene (.beta.-BrBr.sub.3), and the successive elimination of hydrogen bromide from said precursor. The precursor is prepared by selective bromination of phenethyl bromide (.beta.-Br), wherein the molar ratio of bromine to phenethyl bromide is comprised between 2.5 and 3.5, and preferably between 3.1 and 3.3 included; and by adding bromine, after an initial addition, at a controlled molar rate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a brominated compound which comprises the step of reacting at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a chloroformate, a chlorosulfite and a chlorophosphite with a brominating agent for a time sufficient to obtain at least one brominated compound. In particular, an alcohol is converted into a chloroformate, chlorosulfite or a chlorophosphite, which is then brominated to obtain the desired product. In another embodiment, a brominating agent is reacted with a reactant selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride, phosgene and phosphorous oxychloride, followed by contacting the reaction product obtained with an alcohol to be brominated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the formation of carbonyl halide in bromine chloride and to an improved process for the bromination of compounds with BrCl in the presence of a carbonyl halide poisonable catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic compound is disclosed, which comprises coupling an aromatic sulfinic acid or a salt thereof with an aromatic halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of the aromatic nucleus thereof or a vinyl group-containing halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of said vinyl group in the presence of a catalyst compound containing an element selected from platinum metals.

Abstract: In a process for producing a 3-halo-halobenzene or a 1-halo-3,5-dihalobenzene, a 2-halo-4-haloaniline or 2-halo-4,6-dihaloaniline is mixed with a deaminating agent. The 2-halo-4-haloaniline or 2-halo-4,6-dihaloaniline is deaminated so as to form a corresponding 3-halo-halobenzene or 1-halo-3,5-dihalobenzene.

Abstract: The halogen of a polyhalogenated aromatic compound can be transferred to a monohalogenated or nonhalogenated aromatic compound by reaction in the presence of ruthenium as the element or in the form of compounds and if desired with one or more metal compounds from subgroups I and II of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Benzene or a chlorinated benzene feedstock compound represented by the formula C.sub.6 H.sub.6-x Cl.sub.x is chlorinated in the rectifying zone of a catalytic distillation reactor to produce a chlorinated benzene product compound represented by the formula C.sub.6 H.sub.5-x Cl.sub.x+1, where x is an integer in the range of from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for regeneration of a 13X zeolite catalyst comprising conducting the following steps within the regeneration zone wherein the 13X zeolite is located.(1) Applying vacuum or delivering a source of molecular oxygen or inert gas at a temperature above 100.degree. C. to remove a portion of the volatile compounds from the 13X zeolite,(2) Cooling the 13X zeolite to a temperature below 100 degrees C.,(3) Contacting the 13X zeolite with an aqueous solution having a pH in the range of 7 to 14,(4) Drying the 13X zeolite,(5) Delivering an oxygen containing calcination gas to the regeneration zone and heating the 13X zeolite to a temperature in the range of 350.degree. to 450.degree. C.,(6) Cooling the 13X zeolite to a temperature below 100 degrees C., and(7) Contacting the 13X zeolite with an aqueous solution having a pH in the range of 7 to 14.

Abstract: The invention provides a process by which ultra low salt content triiodinated aromatic compounds may be isolated from a highly acidic hot triiodination raction reaction medium in a straightforward fashion. The process involves increasing the pH to above 5 a value in the range of 3 to 7 with sodium hydroxide, addition of sodium bisulphite and/or sodium dithionite, addition of seed crystals, cooling slowly, and washing the collected precipitate with water.