Abstract: A process for selectively hydrogenating C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 diolefins to the corresponding monoolefins is carried out with a catalyst comprising (a) nickel metal and/or compound(s), (b) silver metal and/or compound(s), and (c) a solid inorganic support material (preferably alumina).

Abstract: Synthetic lubricant base stocks having an increased viscosity are disclosed. These synthetic lubricant base stocks comprises a mixture of (1) oligomers prepared from a linear olefin having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms; and (2) alkylated anisole having an alkyl group containing from 10 to 24 carbon atoms. These synthetic lubricant base stocks may be prepared by co-reacting a linear olefin having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms and anisole. Optionally, the mixture of oligomers and alkylated anisoles may be hydrogenated, to prepare a mixture of reduced oligomers and alkylated methoxycyclohexanes.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus are disclosed for the catalytic purification of styrene monomer by hydrogenating the phenylacetylene contaminant therein to styrene in a catalytic bed using multiple hydrogen injection; dilution of the hydrogen by a diluent such as nitrogen; mixing the hydrogen with a catalyst-selectivity improver such as carbon monoxide; using ethylbenzene dehydrogenation ventgas to supply hydrogen; and, using a multiple-catalyst-bed-reactor, or multiple reactors, each with a single catalyst bed. One preferred phenylacetylene reduction catalyst used is palladium on an alumina carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of reduction of a refining catalyst before its use, the catalyst containing a support and an active phase with a base of at least one noble or nonnoble metal of Group VIII or Group Ib of the periodic table, the process consisting in:a) impregnating the catalyst with an aqueous or organic solution of a reducing agent compound,b) breaking down the reducing agent compound by heating the catalyst;c) drying the catalyst thus obtained.The invention is characterized in that a halogen additive is added with the reducing agent.The catalyst thus treated is particularly suitable, for example, for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Alkenes having a terminal double bond can be isomerized to give alkenes having an internal double bond if alkenes having a terminal double bond or hydrocarbon feedstock having a content of alkenes of this type having a terminal double bond are subjected to treatment, in the presence of hydrogen, over a macroporous or gel-like cation exchanger in the H.sup.+ form which contains 0.001 to 10 g of one or more metals of the VIth and/or VIIth and/or VIIIth sub-group of the periodic system of the elements in elementary form per liter of dry cation exchanger and which has a degree of crosslinking of 2 to 65% and a specific surface area of 5 to 750 m.sup.2 /g of dry exchange resin. The treatment is carried out in the liquid phase at a temperature from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Nitration Grade benzene is made from a benzene stream with impurities including olefins by first fractionally distilling the benzene to a purity of at least 99 mole percent and subsequently passing the stream in a liquid phase in the presence of hydrogen through a hydrogenation step with a palladium catalyst under conditions such that substantially all olefins remaining in the stream are hydrogenated to paraffins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of selective acetylene hydrogenation catalysts. More specifically, this invention relates to a pretreatment method for supported and unsupported Group VIII metal catalysts and the use thereof for the conversion of an acetylene-, ethylene- and hydrogen-containing feedstream to gasoline range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a feed rich in fused two-ring aromatic and fused two-ring hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, notably light cat cycle oil, furnance oils, coal liquids, tar sands liquids, shale oil liquids, and the like to high density jet fuels. Sulfur or nitrogen, or both are removed from said feed and a hydrodesulfurized/hydrodenitrogenated liquid product separated therefrom is hydrotreated in a second stage over a highly active fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst at conditions sufficient to selectively hydrogenate and saturate the fused two-ring aromatics and/or partially saturated fused two-ring hydroaromatics at high selectivity to naphthenes without any significant conversion thereof to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. High density jet fuels having an API gravity ranging from about 25 to about 35, with a total aromatic content well below about 50 percent, preferably 5 percent to about 30 percent, are produced.

Abstract: A process for the production of high octane gasoline, or high octane gasoline blending components, from a sulfur-containing feed rich in fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, inclusive of naphthalenes. The feed is hydrogenated in a first reaction zone to desulfurize the feed and saturate one ring of the fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, but insufficient to saturate the second ring of said molecular species, to form tetralins. The product, as a feed, is reacted in a second reaction zone over a catalyst comprised of elemental iron and one or more alkali or alkaline-earth metals components to selectively hydrogenate and crack the previously hydrogenated fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons to produce lower molecular weight higher octane components suitable per se as gasoline, or gasoline blending components.

Abstract: A process for the production of high octane gasoline, or high octane gasoline blending components from a sulfur and nitrogen-containing feed composition of wide boiling range rich in fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing two, and three or more rings in the molecule. The feed is first hydrogenated to desulfurize, denitrogenate and saturate one ring of the two-ring molecular species, but insufficient to saturate the second ring of said molecular species. The product, as a feed, is then hydrocracked to crack fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing three or more rings to the molecule, and to produce lower molecular weight, lower boiling components. The product of the hydrocracker is then split into blends which include (i) a blend rich in fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and (ii) a blend rich in fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing three or more rings to the molecule.

Abstract: Dienes and/or acetylene impurities in an olefin feed; in particular a propylene feed, may be selectively hydrogenated in a single stage by use of a catalyst of palladium supported on alumina which is substantially crystalline alpha alumina, wherein the average pore radius is 200-2000 .ANG., with a least 80% of the pores having a pore radius within the range of 100 to 3000 .ANG.. The surface acidity of the catalyst is generally from 0.002 to 0.05 millimole of pyridine absorbed per gram of catalyst. The active palladium surface area is from 20 to 200 m.sup.2 /g. The palladium is in the form of crystallines having an average size of at least 25 .ANG..

Abstract: A process is presented which is useful for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated organic compounds. The resultant product of such a reaction produces the monoolefinic equivalents of the hydrogenated polyunsaturated organic compounds. The catalyst used in this selective hydrogenation process comprises nickel and sulfur deposited on the surface of an alumina support. The preferred catalyst does not contain halogens, noble metals, alkaline earth metals, or alkali metals and is characterized by having only a very low percentage of the total pore volume being provided by pores having an average pore diameter less than 150 angstroms. The great majority of the pore volume is present in the form of macropores having diameters of 500 to 1500 angstroms.

Abstract: Ethylene is produced by the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of carbon monoxide at a concentration of greater than 1% vol, generally greater than 5% vol, and optionally also ethylene by contact at an elevated temperature in the range from 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. with a catalyst comprising a metal oxide or sulphide or mixture of metal oxides or sulphides having hydrogenation activity, for example ZnO either alone or in combination with other metal oxides or sulphides.

Abstract: In a process wherein the vinyl acetylenes present as an impurity in a stream of butadienes are removed by hydrogenating the stream over a catalyst the loss of butadiene is lessened and catalyst aging is diminished by injecting the hydrogen in reduced quantities into a series of smaller catalyst beds connected in series.

Abstract: A composition is presented for a catalyst useful in the selective hydrogenation of unconjugated diolefinic hydrocarbons to monoolefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises nickel and sulfur deposited on the surface of an alumina support. The preferred catalyst does not contain halogens, noble metals, alkaline earth metals, or alkali metals and is characterized by having only a very low percentage of the total pore volume being provided by pores having an average pore diameter less than 150 angstroms. The great majority of the pore volume is present in the form of macropores having diameters of 500 to 1500 angstroms.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of a diolefin, having palladium or a compound thereof and at least one co-catalyst component selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, cobalt, and rhenium supported each in the form of an elemental metal or a metal compound on a support, its method of preparation and its use for said hydrogenation, particularly for the hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene to cyclopentene is described herein.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing acetylenic impurities from gaseous organic product streams, comprising at least Fe and Ni, other elements from Groups 8, 1b, 2b, 4b, 6b and 7b of the Periodic Table, an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal.

Abstract: A C.sub.4 cut of high butadiene content is selectively hydrogenated in contact with a supported palladium catalyst, the operation being performed in admixture with a hydrocarbon and an amine.The C.sub.4 cut of high butadiene content (1) and liquid hydrocarbon containing the amine (6) pass through reactor (2). The resultant product is fractionated (13). The C.sub.4 cut is recovered in the vapor phase (15) and the liquid phase recycled (16).

Abstract: A catalyst support comprises a porous gel of an inorganic substance, for example a refractory inorganic oxide, and has a surface area in the range 125 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, a mean pore diameter in the range 140 to 190 .ANG. with at least 80% of the pore volume contained in pores having a pore size range of 50 to 90 .ANG.. The invention also relates to catalysts based on such supports and to hydrocarbon conversion processes, for example reforming, carried out in the presence of hydrogen and employing said catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst containing palladium and optionally chromium on an alumina which is used for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenic hydrocarbons in olefin gas streams. The catalyst is characterized by the use of an alumina support having a surface area of less than about 5 square meters per gram, a Hg pore volume of between about 0.2 and about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram and wherein at least 40% of the pore volume is contained in pores having pore diameters of greater than about 10 microns.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst containing palladium and optionally chromium on an alumina which is used for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenic hydrocarbons in olefin gas streams. The catalyst is characterized by the use of an alumina support having a surface area of less than about 5 square meters per gram, a Hg pore volume of between about 0.2 and about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram and wherein at least 40% of the pore volume is contained in pores having pore diameters of greater than about 10 microns.

Abstract: Process for the selective hydrogenation of the acetylenic hydrocarbons of a C.sub.4 hydrocarbons cut, containing butadiene and at least 1% by weight of acetylenic hydrocarbons, without substantial hydrogenation of butadiene, wherein said hydrocarbons cut in liquid phase and hydrogen are contacted with a supported catalyst containing 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of palladium and 0.05 to 1% by weight of silver, the Ag/Pd ratio by weight being at least 0.7.

Abstract: Supported palladium-gold catalyst of high resistance to poisoning by sulfur compounds, not subject to elution by vinylacetylene and not inducing a substantial formation of oligomers, for use in hydrogenation reactions wherein acetylenics and diolefins are selectively hydrogenated, said catalyst being obtained by the steps of: admixing a palladium compound with an inorganic carrier, roasting in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, treating with a reducing agent, admixing a halogenated gold compound with the resulting composition, treating with a reducing agent, treating with a compound having a basic reaction so as to lower the halogen content of the catalyst below 10 ppm by weight, and roasting, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, the palladium and gold compounds being used in convenient proportions so that the catalyst contains 0.03 to 1% palladium and 0.003 to 0.3% gold by weight.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons having three and more carbon atoms and several double bonds or with triple bonds in monoene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures is described. These compounds are selectively hydrogenated to monoenes in a practically quantitative fashion. Before beginning the hydrogenation, a small amount of carbon monoxide and once to twice the stoichiometric quantity of hydrogen are homogeneously dissolved in the hydrocarbon mixture. The mixture is hydrogenated as a homogeneous liquid phase on a fixed palladium catalyst under a moderately high pressure and at a moderately high temperature. No isomerization can be found in the monoenes and no side reactions or secondary reactions occur.

Abstract: For the selective hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon charge containing at least one acetylenic and/or diolefinic hydrocarbon, there is used a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal selected from the platinum, palladium, nickel and cobalt group, or a compound thereof, and at least one metal from the group comprising germanium, tin and lead or a compound thereof, wherein at least one compound from one of the above-defined group VIII metals and at least one compound of metal from the germanium, tin and lead group is incorporated in a carrier, e.g., alumina, and wherein the compound of metal from the germanium, tin and lead group is incorporated in the carrier as a hydrocarbyl compound of said metal.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for removal of acetylenes from liquid hydrocarbon streams with a minimum loss of diolefinic unsaturation present in said liquid composition is disclosed. The catalytic materials, basically copper metal impregnated on a gamma alumina support prepared from an organo aluminum compound. The support has properties not found in alumina prepared from naturally occurring precursors.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for removal of acetylenes from liquid hydrocarbon streams with a minimum loss of diolefinic unsaturation present in said liquid composition is disclosed. The catalytic materials, basically copper metal associated with one or more activator metals are impregnated on a gamma alumina support prepared from an organo aluminum compound. The support has properties not found in alumina prepared from naturally occurring precursors.

Abstract: Hydrogenation catalyst production by calcining a calcium aluminate cement catalyst support at 900.degree.-1050.degree. C. followed by impregnation with a palladium salt solution of pH below 1.3.

Abstract: Palladium or platinum is deposited on a low acidity silica polymorph/silicalite/high silica zeolites to yield a supported catalyst particularly useful in the hydrogenation of acetylenes and diolefins. The catalyst has a decreased tendency to promote polymerization which causes fouling than previously used alumina catalysts.

Abstract: In purifying a gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbon stream by selectively hydrogenating more highly unsaturated hydrocarbon impurity contained therein, part of the starting stream is mixed with hydrogen in excess of the stoichiometric requirement to hydrogenate the impurity and passed over a first bed of hydrogenation catalyst, whereafter a second part of the starting stream is mixed with the hydrogen-containing product of the first catalyst and passed over a second bed of hydrogenation catalyst. Using such stepwise feed of hydrocarbon the hydrogen excess can be kept at a high enough level to limit or avoid deactivation of the catalyst, which is preferably supported palladium.

Abstract: A C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 hydrocarbon fraction comprising at least one mono-olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one acetylenic hydrocarbon, and optionally at least one diolefinic hydrocarbon, is hydrogenated selectively in contact with a palladium-on-alumina catalyst subjected to calcining at a relatively high temperature and whose palladium crystallites have an average size of at least 50 Angstroms.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. acetylene, in the presence of less unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. ethylene, comprises palladium supported on a calcined refractory material comprising a calcium aluminate cement having a Ca:Al ratio of 1:4 to 1:10, the average depth of penetration of the palladium into the catalyst pieces being less than 300 .mu.m.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for separating 1,3-butadiene from a C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture which contains C.sub.4 -alkyne components.In one embodiment, the invention involves a first step hydrogenation procedure for selectively hydrogenating the C.sub.4 -alkyne components, and a second step extractive distillation procedure for separating out a 1,3-butadiene rich selective solvent extract phase.

Abstract: Process for selectively hydrogenating acetylenic hydrocarbons such as vinylacetylene contained in an unsaturated hydrocarbon fraction such as a C.sub.4 fraction also containing a diolefinic hydrocarbon such as butadiene, without substantially hydrogenating said diolefinic hydrocarbon, comprising the step of contacting said fraction, at least partially in the liquid phase, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst of palladium on alumina whose palladium crystallites have an average size of at least 50 Angstroms, said step being optionally followed with a step of contacting the resultant fraction from the preceding step, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst of palladium an alumina whose palladium crystallites have an average size of at most 45 Angstroms.