Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing dialkylnaphthylenes and polyalkylenenaphthyleneates.

Abstract: 2,6-Dialkylnaphthalene is prepared from a feedstock comprising naphthalene and an alkylating agent, by a process comprising the steps:(I) transalkylating isomers of dialkylnaphthalene and naphthalene to produce monoalkylnaphthalene and isomers of dialkylnaphthalene;(II) separating the product obtained in step (I) into naphthalene, monoalkylnaphthalene, dialkylnaphthalene and other components;(III) alkylating the monoalkylnaphthalene fraction from step (II) with an alkylating agent to produce dialkylnaphthalene; and(IV) separating 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene from the dialkylnaphthalene fraction in step (II),wherein at least step (I) or step (III) is conducted in the presence of a catalyst having a composition comprising a synthetic zeolite having an X-ray diffraction pattern with an interplanar d-spacing (.ANG.)______________________________________ 12.36 .+-. 0.4 11.03 .+-. 0.2 8.83 .+-. 0.14 6.18 .+-. 0.12 6.00 .+-. 0.10 4.06 .+-. 0.07 3.91 .+-. 0.07 3.42 .+-. 0.06.

Abstract: A separation arrangement for a cumene process that operates with a relatively wet feed to an alkylation zone and relatively dry feed to a transalkylation zone reduces utilities and capital expenses for the separation and recycle of distinct wet and dry components by using an arrangement that first separates effluent from the trans alkylation and alkylation reaction zone in a benzene column before performing light ends and drying in a downstream depropanizer column. The arrangement uses a portion of the net overhead stream from the benzene column as a wet recycle stream for return to the alkylation reaction zone and sends another portion of the benzene net overhead to the depropanizer to supply a dry benzene recycle for the trans alkylation reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for increasing the efficiency of xylene isomerization by using a two stage isomerization process. In the first stage of the process, a C.sub.9.sup.+ aromatics feedstock is subjected to ethylbenzene conversion and xylene isomerization. Non-C.sub.8 aromatics are removed from the effluent, which is then processed in a second stage of the process to remove para-xylene and isomerize the para-xylene depleted effluent. The effluent from the second stage isomerization unit is then recycled into the inlet of the second stage of the process and a slip stream from the para-xylene separator is recycled to the feedstock and to the effluent of the ethylbenzene conversion unit. In this way, the production of para-xylene is maximized. In a preferred embodiment, toluene is co-fed into the feedstock to minimize the loss of xylenes during the ethylbenzene conversion reaction.

Abstract: A zeolite-based ethylbenzene process which is suitable for retrofitting aluminum chloride-based ethylbenzene plants. The process involves alkylating benzene with ethylene in an alkylation zone in the presence of zeolite beta or Y or an MCM zeolite so as to produce an alkylation product mixture containing benzene, ethylbenzene, and polyethylbenzenes which can be separated in the aromatics recovery (distillation) stage of an aluminum chloride-based plant. The polyethylbenzenes are subsequently contacted with benzene in a transalkylation zone using zeolite beta or mordenite or Y so as to produce a transalkylation product mixture which is also separable in the aromatics recovery stage of an aluminum chloride-based plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from an oxygenate feedstock. The process comprises passing the oxygenate feedstock to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminophosphate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream. A propylene stream and/or mixed butylene is fractionated from said light olefin stream and cracked to enhance the yield of ethylene and propylene products. This combination of light olefin product and propylene and butylene cracking in a riser cracking zone or a separate cracking zone provides flexibility to the process which overcomes the equilibrium limitations of the aluminophosphate catalyst. In addition, the invention provides the advantage of extended catalyst life and greater catalyst stability in the oxygenate conversion zone.

Abstract: In a multistage process, a relatively unreactive paraffinic substrate is alkylated in a primary stage while a more reactive aromatic substrate is alkylated in a secondary stage wherein at least a portion of the effluent from the primary stage is used as a diluent in the secondary stage. The alkylation reaction in each stage is catalyzed by an acid catalyst which is adsorbed on a particulate solid support.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for alkylating olefins and isoparaffins in the presence of an acid to reduce and/or control acid consumption or maximize and/or control the octane number of the produced alkylate product. One embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C.sub.3 /C.sub.5 olefin ratio to reduce acid consumption. Another embodiment includes alkylation of C.sub.3 and C.sub.5 olefins in separate alkylation zones to maximize alkylate octane number. Even another embodiment includes propylene alkylation followed by C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefin alkylation, with the spent propylene acid used in the C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefin alkylation. Still another embodiment includes alkylation of C.sub.3, C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 olefins in separate alkylation zones, with the spent propylene acid used in the C.sub.4 alkylation, and the spent butylene acid used in the C.sub.5 alkylation. Yet another embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C.sub.3 /C.sub.

Abstract: The following steps are conducted for producing a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of at least 2: a coupling step, in which a coupling feed gas containing methane and a gas containing oxygen are supplied to a conveying catalyst bed which is formed by an ascending stream which contains a catalyst, and then methane and oxygen are allowed to react so as to produce a coupling product gas; a catalyst separation step for separating the catalyst from the coupling product gas; and a catalyst feedback step for feeding back the thus-separated catalyst to the coupling step. Accordingly, the reaction system does not accumulate excessive heat, the combustion reaction as a side reaction is hindered, and the selectivity of the coupling reaction is enhanced. In addition, the yield of the hydrocarbon having a carbon number of at least 2 is improved.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylnaphthalene from a feedstock comprising isomers of dialkylnaphthalene and naphthalene by contacting the feedstock with a catalyst composition, in which the process comprising transalkylation between isomers of dialkylnaphthalene and naphthalene to produce monoalkylnaphthalene, and isomerization of dialkylnaphthalene, wherein the catalyst composition comprising a synthetic zeolite characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacing as set forth in Table A of the specification.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparation of non-crosslinked linear monofunctional and telechelic difunctional unsaturated polymers wherein the functional groups are reactive terminal groups other than vinyl groups. The average functionality number of the monofunctional unsaturated polymers is at least 0.7, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The average functionality number of the telechelic difunctional polymers is at least 1.7, as determined by NMR. Monofunctional olefins and difunctional olefins are reacted with cyclic olefins or unsaturated polymers to prepare difunctional polymers. The process is substantially free of side reactions comprising double bond migration and cyclization.

Abstract: A synthetic oil is made by a process comprising the steps of (a) reacting a vinylidene olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form an intermediate mixture which contains at least about 50 weight percent dimer of said vinylidene olefin, and (b) adding a vinyl olefin to said intermediate mixture and reacting said intermediate mixture and said vinyl olefin in the presence of a catalyst so as to form a product mixture which contains said dimer of said vinylidene olefin and a codimer of said added vinyl olefin with said vinylidene olefin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which combines catalytic cracking and olefin production using a coked catalytic cracking catalyst as a dehydrogenation catalyst to dehydrogenate an alkane feed stream and form an olefin rich product stream. The method uses a staged backmixed regeneration system to form the dehydrogenation catalyst and to fully reactivate deactivated cracking catalyst for reuse in the cracking reaction. The catalyst preferably comprises a crystalline tetrahedral framework oxide component.

Abstract: The aging rate of the catalyst in a process for the concurrent alkylation of aromatic with olefin and distillation of reaction components (reactants and products) in a distillation column reactor in a catalyst bed wherein the catalyst also serves as the distillation structure, is retarded by limiting the conversion of olefin in the catalyst bed to about 90 percent. A portion up to and including the entire unreacted aromatic and olefin in the overhead from the distillation column reactor are condensed and fed to a fixed bed alkylation reactor to substantially finish the conversion with a portion of the effluent from the fixed bed reactor recycled thereto to control the olefin content in the fixed bed reactor inlet to less than one volume percent, preferably less than 0.50 volume percent and thereby reduce the aging in that catalyst. A fixed bed transalkylation reactor is used to convert the polysubstituted alkylated aromatic products to mono-substituted alkylated aromatic products.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for convening C.sub.5 /C.sub.6 hydrocarbons to aromatic products, e.g., benzene, toluene, etc. The process involves first flowing the C.sub.5 /C.sub.6 feedstream to a first reaction zone where the C.sub.5 /C.sub.6 feed is convened to aromatics and C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 products which are then flowed to a second reaction zone where the C.sub.3 --C.sub.4 compounds are convened to aromatic compound along with formation of hydrogen and fuel gas products. The product stream from the second reaction zone is combined with the products from the first conversion zone and the entire stream separated into the desired components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for upgrading multi-branched C.sub.9 + olefinic and/or paraffinic by-products of heavy hydrocarbon upgrading processes including alkylation, polymerization, and MOGD, to high octane gasoline. Feeds rich in multi-branched C.sub.9 + olefins and/or paraffins are contacted with hydrogen at a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 2000 psig in the presence of an unsulfided catalyst composition comprising a low acidity molecular sieve having an Alpha Value of 5 or less. Because of the capability of the catalyst to crack at unsubstituted carbon-carbon bonds, the paraffinic products are more highly branched, and thus higher in octane number than those obtained from conventional dual function hydrocracking catalysts having Alpha Values greater than 5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhancing the alkylation conversion rate of a benzene-rich gasoline boiling range hydrocarbon feedstream alkylated with C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins. The process comprises contacting the benzene-rich stream and olefins sequentially in decreasing order of olefin oligomerization activity comprising a first contact with C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 olefins followed by contact with C.sub.2 olefin, preferably at different points of an alkylation zone containing solid, shape selective aluminosilicate catalyst particles under benzene alkylation conditions. Gasoline is produced having a reduced benzene content.

Abstract: This invention is a process of converting n-pentane to cyclopentene. In accordance with a preferred embodiment n-pentane feed is converted in a dual temperature stage-dual catalyst process without interstage processing of the first-stage product mixture.

Abstract: This invention is a process of converting n-pentane to cyclopentane. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, n-pentane feed is converted in dual temperature stage process without interstage processing of the first stage product mixture.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process comprising: (a) contacting, in a reaction solution, an organonickel compound and a phosphine compound to form a first reaction mixture; and thereafter (b) contacting said first reaction mixture with ethylene to form a second reaction mixture; and concurrently with step (b) or thereafter, contacting said second reaction mixture with a fluorinated organoacid; while maintaining a reaction temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., and a reaction pressure of about 1 to about 10,000 psig.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step method for separating isobutylene from a C-4 hydrocarbon fraction comprising:a) Reacting the C-4 fraction with a glycol in the presence of a catalyst comprising heteropoly acid on an inert support at a temperature of about 60.degree. to 160.degree. C. to yield the corresponding glycol mono-t-butyl ether, and subsequentlyb) reacting the intermediate glycol ether product over the same class of catalyst at a temperature of about 100.degree. to 220.degree. C. to regenerate the isolatable isobutylene.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylated organic compound via alkylation and/or transalkylation in which an organic feedstock is contacted with an organic reactant in the presence of a catalyst under conditions such that components of the organic feedstock react with the organic reactant to form an alkylated compound. The catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having alkylation and/or transalkylation activity and contains, after calcination, between about 250 and 20,000 ppmw ammonium ions, calculated as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 O on a volatiles-free basis. In two preferred embodiments of the invention, the catalyst is employed, respectively, in the alkylation zone of a process for producing cumene via the alkylation of benzene with propylene and in the alkylation zone of a process for producing ethylbenzene via the alkylation of benzene with ethylene.

Abstract: An integrated process comprising the steps of pressurizing a C.sub.3.sup.+ olefin hydrocarbon stream and a methanol feed and contacting the C.sub.3.sup.+ hydrocarbon stream and methanol feed in a first reaction zone with a medium-pore shape selective oligomerization zeolite catalyst at elevated pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of the C.sub.3.sup.+ hydrocarbons and methanol feed to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids. An ethene stream and a stream containing unreacted methanol and water are recovered from the first reaction zone effluent and the methanol is separated from the water.The ethene and the separated unreacted methanol are contacted with a medium-pore shape selective zeolite catalyst in a second reaction zone at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert the methanol feed to hydrocarbons comprising C.sub.3.sup.+ olefins and cooling effluent from the second reaction zone to recover a C.sub.3.sup.

Abstract: A mixture of (a) at least one saturated C5-C9 alcohol (preferably cyclohexanol) and (b) at least one sulfolane (preferably unsubstituted sulfolane, cyclotetramethylene sulfone) is used as solvent in the extractive distillation of a feed mixture of cycloalkane(s) in particular cyclohexane) and close-boiling alkane(s). A novel composition of matter contains (a) and (b), as defined above, and optionally also (c) water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a feedstock containing ethylene to produce heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline or distillate boiling range including the steps of contacting the olefins feedstock with a first siliceous crystalline molecular sieve at an elevated temperature and relatively low pressure under conditions which maximize the conversion of ethylene to C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons, separating C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins from the C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons, and contacting the separated C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins with a second siliceous crystalline molecular sieve at moderate temperatures under conditions favorable for conversion of the C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins to heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline or distillate boiling range.

Abstract: A process is provided for upgrading the olefinic gasoline by-product of low-severity medium-pore zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes including catalytic dewaxing and olefin oligomerization. The olefinic gasoline stream is upgraded in a high-severity catalytic conversion process which may be carried out in a catalytic cracking unit primary or secondary riser reactor or in a second medium-pore zeolite-catalyzed reaction zone. The olefinic gasoline stream may be mixed with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 aliphatic stream before upgrading the mixture in the high-severity catalytic conversion process. Examples of such low-severity medium-pore zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes include distillate and lubricant dewaxing as well as olefin oligomerization.

Abstract: A new xylene isomerization process which is capable of converting ethylbenzene and non-aromatic exhaustively while selectively converting xylenes to thermal equilibrium in mixed EB/xylene feeds is proposed. The new process employs a two component catalyst system; each of the components contains a strong hydrogenation metal and a zeolite. The zeolite of each of the two components differs from the other in its selectivity for xylene isomerization and its capacity to deethylete ethylbenzene. That selectivity for xylene isomerization is described by xylene diffusion properties of the zeolite.

Abstract: A process for the oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in a reaction system of open series connected stages, includes changing the total water and acetic acid content in the output gaseous stream after at least one stage other than the last stage of the series.

Abstract: A staged reactor technique for converting ethene-rich olefinic feedstock to heavier hydrocarbons, particularly gasoline and distillate range products. By employing low temperature and high temperature separators, an economic recycle is provided for each stage.

Abstract: An integrated process for the conversion of methanol to high octane gasoline and distillate. Methanol is converted to olefins in the presence of zeolite type catalyst. C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 olefin fraction is converted to MTBE and TAME in the presence of excess methanol and acid etherification catalyst. Unreacted methanol and hydrocarbons are passed to an olefins to gasoline and distillate oligomerization unit in conjunction with C.sub.3, C.sub.6 and C.sub.7 olefins from the methanol to olefins unit whereby distillate and LPG products are produced. Gasoline products from the oligomerization unit are passed to the etherification unit whereby an ether-rich gasoline fraction is separated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing liquid products e.g. gasoline blending components by conversion of a mixed paraffin/olefin gaseous feedstock over two types of catalysts. In a first stage, the mixed feedstock is brought into contact with a partially deactivated catalyst which converts olefins in the feed into liquid products. Gaseous products now rich in paraffins are separated and brought into contact in a second stage with another catalyst which is more active than that used in the first stage. The liquid products emerging from the second stage are thereafter separated and recovered. The catalyst is preferably a gallium oxide loaded MFI type zeolite.

Abstract: A process for converting oxygenated feedstock, such as methanol, dimethyl ether or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons.In the primary catalyst stage the feedstock is contacted with zeolite catalyst to produce C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons.In a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at increased pressure converts C.sub.3.sup.+ olefins to gasoline and/or distillate liquids.The improvement is a technique for recovering lower alkene for recycle to the primary catalytic stage.

Abstract: In the conversion of light olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, an improved recovery technique is provided for selectively removing unreacted light olefins from a catalytic reactor effluent. This system is useful in converting ethene-rich feedstocks to gasoline and/or distillate products, particularly in oligomerization processes employing shape selective siliceous catalysts such as ZSM-5 type zeolites. By recycling gasoline-range hydrocarbons as a sorbent liquid, unreacted C.sub.2.sup.+ components may be absorbed from reactor effluent vapor and returned for further contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of ethylbenzene in a heterogeneous-phase reaction by alkylating benzene with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst based on a complex organic aluminum chloride compound and a co-catalyst at an elevated temperature and elevated pressure, with a residence time of from 5 to 60 minutes in one or more reaction zones, the reaction mixture, after completion of the reaction, being fed into a pressure vessel and vigorously mixed therein for from 20 to 60 minutes at from 120.degree. to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: In producing synthetic hydrocarbon oils by polymerization of olefins using aluminum halide as the catalyst, organic halides are produced. These are corrosive to metal equipment and are poisonous to certain hydrogenation catalysts. This invention is concerned with reacting such organic halides with an aromatic hydrocarbon in a system also containing the polyolefins thus forming an alkylation product with both reactants prior to removal of the aluminum chloride catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the production of undegraded alkylated aromatic compounds by alkylating an aromatic compound with a C.sub.3 or higher olefin polymer having terminal ethylene units.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of .alpha.-olefin dimers which comprises dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin with a Ziegler type catalyst comprising a nickel compound and an organo-aluminum compound, and then continuing the reaction with addition of at least one compound, prior to deactivation of said catalyst, which is selected from the group consisting of the following organo-halogen compounds of the formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV), ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 to X.sup.11 are the same or different and are each a halogen or hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one of them in each formula is a halogen atom, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: Alkylation of an aromatic is provided in a reactor having a central alkylation zone, and a surrounding transalkylation zone. The reaction mixture flows cocurrently through the alkylation zone and then into the surrounding transalkylation zone, with the mixture flowing in approximate plug flow through the transalkylation zone to the outlet thereof. Polyalkyl aromatics recovered from the effluent are recycled to the inlet end of the transalkylation zone.

Abstract: A feedstock comprising olefinic hydrocarbons having more than one double bond per molecule is selectively hydrogenated to produce hydrocarbons having less unsaturation relative to the feedstock by contacting the feedstock in the presence of steam and hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin. The feedstock can be produced by reforming paraffin and cycloparaffin hydrocarbons in the presence of steam with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin.