Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the production of isobutene and propylene by metathesis of an olefinic C.sub.4 cut. The process comprises three successive steps: 1) selective hydrogenation of butadiene with isomerisation of butene-1 to butene-2; 2) separation by distillation to produce isobutene overhead, leaving a butene-2 bottom cut; 3) metathesis of the butene-2 cut with ethylene. The advantage of this process is that polymerisation quality propylene can be produced very selectively, in contrast to other processes such as dehydrogenation of propane or other cracking processes.

Abstract: Novel methods for the preparation of modified poly .alpha.-olefins, and compositions prepared by the novel methods are disclosed. The modified poly alpha-olefins of the present invention are useful as base fluids or additives in synthetic lubricants.

Abstract: A process for the production of C.sub.8 and higher olefins by the oligomerization of light olefins to heavier olefins is improved by the addition of cycloparaffins to the oligomerization zone. The recycle of the cycloparaffins extends the catalyst activity and improves the catalyst life. Cyclohexane provides an excellent solvent for removing deposits from the catalyst with chemical inertness to the process and a boiling range that allows its essentially complete recovery when producing nonenes and higher olefins from propylene feeds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhancing the production of light olefins with a catalytic reaction zone containing small pore zeolitic and non-zeolitic catalysts which can significantly improve the yield of ethylene and propylene in a process for the conversion of light olefins having four carbon atoms per molecule and heavier. Specifically, a C.sub.4 olefin stream from an ethylene production complex is converted in a reaction zone over a non-zeolitic catalyst at effective conditions to produce a product mixture containing ethylene and propylene. Ethylene and propylene are separated from the product mixture and recovered. A portion of the remaining heavy hydrocarbons and paraffins may be recycled to the reaction zone for further conversion, or oligomerized to produce valuable downstream products. The additional step of removing iso-olefins from the recycle stream provided significant advantages.

Abstract: This process for the production of heavy oligomers by a combination of dehydrogenation and oligomerization uses a bed of saturation catalyst in a debutanizer to simplify the saturation and recycle of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons to the dehydrogenation zone. The catalytic distillation zone is located in the top of the debutanizer column and may offer further efficiency improvements to the process when used in series with a bed of alkylation or oligomerization catalyst in the distillation zone. The bed of alkylation or oligomerization catalyst reduces the quantity of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons recycled to the dehydrogenation zone by oligomerizing unconverted C.sub.4 olefins in the distillation column. Conversion of C.sub.4 olefins in the distillation column facilitates the operation of the oligomerization zone at lower conversion conditions that favor production of high octane products.

Abstract: A simplified process for jointly producing butene-1 and ether in a catalytic distillation zone which comprises an upper catalytic zone for etherification and a lower catalytic zone for isomerization of C.sub.4 plus olefins. The process is especially usefull when combined with a process for the production of light olefins including ethylene and propylene from methanol. According to the invention, the produced butene-1 stream is combined with ethylene to produce polyethylene.

Abstract: A highly flexible process for preparing butene oligomers from field butanes. The process can be controlled to produce the desired oligomerization products by appropriate selection of the starting materials.

Abstract: A process is described in which butene oligomers are prepared from Fischer-Tropsch olefins, in which the butenes present in a C.sub.4 fraction of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons are oligomerized to obtain dibutene. The dibutene can be fractionated in a fine distillation stage into di-n-butene and di-isobutene. In one embodiment of the process, the ethylene present in the Fischer-Tropsch olefins is dimerized and the dimerization mixture is recycled to the C.sub.4 fraction. In another embodiment, the isobutene present in the C.sub.4 fraction is reacted with an alcohol to give an alkyl tert-butyl ether, and only the remaining n-butene is oligomerized so that di-n-butene is formed as the sole dibutene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from an oxygenate feedstock. The process comprises passing the oxygenate feedstock to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminophosphate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream. A propylene stream and/or mixed butylene is fractionated from said light olefin stream and cracked to enhance the yield of ethylene and propylene products. This combination of light olefin product and propylene and butylene cracking in a riser cracking zone or a separate cracking zone provides flexibility to the process which overcomes the equilibrium limitations of the aluminophosphate catalyst. In addition, the invention provides the advantage of extended catalyst life and greater catalyst stability in the oxygenate conversion zone.

Abstract: A process for the production of C.sub.8 alkene isomers by the oligomerization of light olefins to heavier olefins is improved by the addition of heavy paraffins to the oligomerization zone. The recycle of the heavy paraffins improves the selectivity of the oligomerization for C.sub.8 olefin isomers that have a high octane number when saturated and reduces catalyst fouling. The saturated octane number of the resulting C.sub.8 isomers is particularly improved when the oligomerization zone is operated at reduced temperature conditions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the conversion of an olefinic C.sub.4 cut to polyisobutene and to propylene by metathesis. The process comprises three successive steps: (1) selective hydrogenation of diolefins with simultaneous isomerisation of 1-butene to 2-butenes, (2) polymerisation of the isobutene, including optional prior extraction of the isobutene, (3) metathesis of 2-butene with ethylene. Part or all of the C.sub.4 cut may originate from the metathesis of an olefinic C.sub.5 cut with ethylene after hydroisomerisation of the C.sub.5 cut. Application to C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 steam cracking cuts.

Abstract: A process for producing an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer which includes subjecting ethylene to an oligomerization reaction in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst to convert a part of the ethylene to .alpha.-olefin, and thereby obtaining a reaction solution, a reaction gas or a mixture of the reaction solution and the reaction gas containing .alpha.-olefin and unreacted ethylene; distilling the reaction solution, the reaction gas or the mixture of the reaction solution and the reaction gas to obtain a mixture consisting mainly of ethylene and .alpha.-olefin from the top of the distillation column; and feeding a starting material containing the mixture obtained from the distillation column into a polymerization reactor, thereby copolymerizing the ethylene and .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst to obtain an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer.

Abstract: A process for the production of saturated oligomers by the oligomerization of light olefins to heavier olefins and the saturation of the heavy olefins is improved by the recycle of the heavy paraffins to the oligomerization zone. The recycle of the heavy paraffins improves the selectivity of the oligomerization for C.sub.8 paraffin products and reduces catalyst fouling. The reduced catalyst fouling can be used to operate the oligomerization zone at lower pressure and facilitate its integration with a dehydrogenation zone for the production of the light olefin stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for alkylating a volatile aromatic compound with a light aliphatic mono-olefinic alkylating agent and concurrently condensing the alkylating agent in the presence of a solid alkylation- and condensation-promoting catalyst and at a temperature of at least the critical temperature of the reactant mixture and at a total pressure that is above the critical pressure of the reactant mixture.

Abstract: The i-butene present in a C.sub.4 raffinate I is subjected in a first step to a first hydroisomerization. The hydroisomerization product is subjected to fractional distillation, with essentially 2-butene and n-butane being obtained as bottom product and i-butene and i-butane being obtained as overhead product. The overhead product is condensed and the condensate is divided into two parts. One part is subjected to a second hydroisomerization and the second hydroisomerate is recycled to the upper third of the fractionation column. The other part of the condensed overhead product is fed to the oligomerization. The condensed overhead-product of the fractionation column is divided in such a manner that, based on 1 part by volume of condensate conducted to the oligomerization, 1-5 parts by volume are fed to the second hydroisomerization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the converting ethylene to a mixture of 1-olefins by (a) feeding ethylene through an oligomerization catalyst bed to form an oligomer predominating in C2-C6 olefins and (b) feeding the oligomer, optionally admixed with fresh ethylene, containing at least 50% by volume ethylene, through a metathesis catalyst bed to form a product predominating in C2-C6 1-olefins. Steps (a) and (b) can be carried out sequentially and in a single reactor under the same conditions of reaction temperature and pressure. This mitigates the perceived disadvantages of low activity and low conversions of relatively inexpensive oligomerization catalysts and forms oligomer having the desired distribution of 1-olefin components for use as comonomer in a polyolefin process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oligomers which are used in synthetic lubricant base stocks. The oligomers are prepared by contacting a mixture of linear olefins and n-paraffins contained in cracked refinery streams having 6 to 24 carbon atoms with activated Y-zeolites. The oligomers and unreacted monomers are subjected to the step of hydrogenation and the lower saturated paraffins are separated therefrom to produce synthetic lubricant base stock.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fuel is produced from a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising olefinic hydrocarbons containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms characterized in that it is produced by a process comprising a) a catalytic etherification step for at least a portion of the etherifiable olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixture, using at least one alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the quantity of alcohol employed being such that the alcohol:etherifiable olefin molar ratio is at least 1:1, and b) a water washing step for the ether-containing product before recovery as a fuel.

Abstract: Linear alpha-olefin formation via oligomerization of ethylene using transition metal catalysis leads to a Schultz-Flory distribution of oligomers. At modest temperatures formation of heavy oligomers which are waxy solids only partly soluble in the LAO product mix causes reactor plugging and curtailing the time of continuous runs. Recycling a portion of a lighter oligomeric fraction obviates this problem and permits runs uninterrupted by solids formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst particles in a fluidized phase in an essentially upflow or downflow tubular reaction zone. The process includes at least one stage of steam cracking of at least one light hydrocarbon fraction and a stage of catalytic cracking of at least one heavy hydrocarbon fraction. The steam cracking is carried out by contacting the light hydrocarbons and a quantity of steam equal to at least 20 percent by weight in a fluidized bed of the catalyst particles, the resulting temperature ranging from 650.degree. to 850.degree. C. The catalytic cracking of the heavy hydrocarbons is carried out by injection of the effluents from the upstream section of the reaction zone into the catalyst suspension in such a way that the temperature of the mixture ranges from 500.degree. to 650.degree. C. and is then reduced to a temperature ranging 475.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Polymeric fuels are produced from saturated C.sub.4 hydrocarbons by a process comprising:(A) dehydroisomerizing a gas mixture comprising predominantly of n-butane and hydrogen in a catalytic reactor containing a catalyst (a) of platinum supported on alumina, whose surface is coated with silica, and, optionally, a solid acidic catalyst (b) selected from the group consisting of alumina, whose surface is coated with silica, and Boralite B, with an effluent being obtained which comprises a mixture of predominantly of unreacted n-butane, butenes and isobutene, all of which components of the mixture have a carbon atom content less than 5;(B) separating the mixture of olefins and parafins from hydrogen and aromatic byproducts; and(C) oligomerizing said mixture in the presence of a catalyst consisting of amorphous silica-alumina gel, as determined by X-rays, having a silica:alumina molar ratio within the range of 30:1 to 500:1, with a surface area of from 500 to 1000 m.sup.

Abstract: A synthetic oil is made by a process comprising the steps of (a) reacting a vinylidene olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form an intermediate mixture which contains at least about 50 weight percent dimer of said vinylidene olefin, and (b) adding a vinyl olefin to said intermediate mixture and reacting said intermediate mixture and said vinyl olefin in the presence of a catalyst so as to form a product mixture which contains said dimer of said vinylidene olefin and a codimer of said added vinyl olefin with said vinylidene olefin.

Abstract: Hexenes are produced when propylene is catalytically converted under moderate conditions over chosen small pore zeolite catalysts having small 10-membered ring openings. These chosen catalysts are ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, and ZSM-48. They are unexpectedly effective to dimerize a substantially ethylene-free propylene-rich stream to form mainly hexene isomers, a major portion of which isomers are tert-isohexenes, without making a substantial amount of trimer or other byproducts. The feed is preferably at least 60% by weight, the remainder being alkanes, mainly propane, and the olefins being limited to less than 5 mol % ethylene and less than 5 mol %, preferably less than 2 mol %, of C.sub.4.sup.=+ (mainly butenes). Because propane in the feed is essentially unaffected, plural reactors in series may be used to avoid recycling unreacted propylene with propane to the dimerization reactor.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline-range streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of paraffin isomers to equilibrium values.

Abstract: A process for processing a cracked feed stream so as to provide a feed stream, having a requisite concentration of isobutylene and butene-1, to a polymerization unit for polymerization of isobutylene.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of lubricating oils having a viscosity index of at least 120 and a pour point of at least -45.degree. C. by (a) oligomerizing a mixture of C5-C20 1-olefins comprising at least 2.6% w/w of 1-decene and at least 6% w/w of 1-hexene in the presence of a catalyst. The lubricating oil so formed may be hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen to improve the oxidation stability thereof. The process is particularly suited to olefins feeds produced during a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed over a heated catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst particles in a fluidized phase in an essentially upflow or downflow tubular reaction zone, said process comprising at least one stage of steam cracking of at least one light hydrocarbon fraction and a stage of catalytic cracking of at least one heavy hydrocarbon fraction.The steam cracking is carried out by contacting the light hydrocarbons and a quantity of steam equal to at least 20 percent by weight in a fluidized bed of the catalyst particles, the resulting temperature ranging from 650.degree. to 850.degree. C.The catalytic cracking of the heavy hydrocarbons is carried out by contacting them with the effluents from the upstream section of the reaction zone and the catalyst suspension in such a way that the temperature of the mixture ranges from 500.degree. to 650.degree. C. and is then reduced to a temperature ranging from 475.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline-range streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of paraffin isomers to equilibrium values.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing alpha-olefin oligomers of superior lubricating properties by contacting an alpha-olefin feed under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst comprising an activated layered silicate containing silica and oxide of Group VIB metal, e.g., Cr, between its layers. The catalyst can be activated by exposure to an oxidation gas at high temperature followed by treatment with a reducing agent, e.g., CO.

Abstract: A process for upgrading olefin feedstock containing a mixture of diene, iso-olefin and linear olefin to produce tertiary-alkyl ether and high octane gasoline components comprising iso-olefin. Product recovery is integrated between primary and secondary reaction stages.In a preferred embodiment, a two stage etherification process employs a secondary solid acid regenerable catalyst bed to etherify and/or oligomerize unconverted diene, and optionally, iso-butene in the debutanizer overhead stream of a conventional MTBE primary reactor stage. Both stages can utilize a regenerable acid catalyst such as ZSM-5 or Zeolite Beta for etherification and to upgrade unconverted alkenes and methanol from the primary stage.

Abstract: Olefins are oligomerized by passing a hydrocarbon feedstock mixture containing olefins of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms over a molecular sieve having a pore diameter of from greater than 4 angstroms to 15 angstroms, and then oligomerizing said olefins by passing the hydrocarbon feedstock over a nickel-containing catalyst at a temperature of from 0.degree.to 200.degree. C. and at a pressure of from 1 to 70 bar absolute.

Abstract: An integrated process for the conversion of methanol feed to gasoline and distillate range liquid hydrocarbons comprising the steps of splitting the methanol feed into two portions, contacting the first portion of the methanol feed with a medium-pore shape selective zeolite catalyst in a first reaction zone at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert the first portion of the methanol feed to hydrocarbons comprising C.sub.2 + olefins; cooling and separating effluent from the first reaction zone to recover a C.sub.3 + olefin hydrocarbon stream and a C.sub.2 - light gas stream; pressurizing the C.sub.3 + olefin hydrocarbon stream and the second portion of the methanol feed and contacting the C.sub.3 + hydrocarbon stream and the methanol feed in a second reaction zone with a medium-pore shape selective oligomerization zeolite catalyst at substantially increased pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of the C.sub.

Abstract: Moving bed hydrocarbon conversion processes are disclosed wherein a carbonaceous material is deposited on a solid catalyst used in the conversion process to form a coked catalyst which is regenerated in a regeneration zone in order to remove the carbonaceous deposit material from the catalyst and provide a regenerated catalyst having an increased number of active catalyst sites relative to the coked catalyst. The regenerated catalyst is then added to the reaction zone at a rate effective to enhance the conversion to desired products without enhancing the conversion to undesired by-products. When a radial flow reaction zone is employed a relatively constant amount of active catalyst sites can be maintained through the reaction zone by increasing the thickness of annulus through which the catalyst flows in the lower section of the reaction zone wherein the catalyst is more severely coked and has fewer active catalyst sites.

Abstract: An integrated process comprising the steps of pressurizing a C.sub.3.sup.+ olefin hydrocarbon stream and a methanol feed and contacting the C.sub.3.sup.+ hydrocarbon stream and methanol feed in a first reaction zone with a medium-pore shape selective oligomerization zeolite catalyst at elevated pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of the C.sub.3.sup.+ hydrocarbons and methanol feed to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids. An ethene stream and a stream containing unreacted methanol and water are recovered from the first reaction zone effluent and the methanol is separated from the water.The ethene and the separated unreacted methanol are contacted with a medium-pore shape selective zeolite catalyst in a second reaction zone at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert the methanol feed to hydrocarbons comprising C.sub.3.sup.+ olefins and cooling effluent from the second reaction zone to recover a C.sub.3.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-12, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite MCM-47, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of highly branched paraffins to equilibrium values.

Abstract: A process for producing substantially linear hydrocarbons by oligomerizing a lower olefin at elevated temperature and pressure which comprises contacting the lower olefin under oligomerization/polymerization conditions with siliceous acidic ZSM-23 zeolite having Bronsted acid activity; wherein the zeolite has acidic pore activity and wherein the zeolite surface is rendered substantially inactive for acidic reactions. The zeolite surface can be neutralized by a bulky pyridine compound having an effective cross-section larger than the zeolite pore. The preferred deactivating agent is 2,4,6-collidine, which may be applied to the zeolite as a pretreatment or added with olefin feed in a continuous process. The olefin oligomers may be used as alkylating agents to prepare biodegradable alkylbenzenes and alkylphenylsulfonates. A preferred catalyst for this alkylation reaction is dealuminized mordenite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of low viscosity lubricant range hydrocarbons having high viscosity index which comprises: contacting olefinic dimer, or mixtures thereof, with a Group 6 metal oxide disproportionation catalyst on a solid support under disproportionation reaction conditions. The dimer comprises the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alpha-olefins in contact with reduced chromium oxide catalyst on silica support. The disproportionation catalyst preparation includes treatment by oxidation at a temperature of 200.degree. C. to 900.degree. C. in the presence of an oxidizing gas and then treatment with a reducing agent at a temperature and a time sufficient to reduce said catalyst. The disproportionation reaction effluent is separated and lubricant range hydrocarbons recovered. The preferred disproportionation catalyst for the process is reduced tungsten oxide on silica support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing normally liquid hydrocarbon products such as middle distillates and methyl-t-butylether from a hydrocarbon feed containing linear and branched olefins (e.g. propane and butenes in light ends) comprising at least the following steps:i) selectively converting branched olefins in the feed in the presence of a catalyst into a normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous product (e.g. MTBE);ii) separating linear olefins from product obtained in step (i), andiii) catalytically oligomerizing linear olefins obtained from step (ii) into liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates.

Abstract: A waxy component-containing lubricating oil stock derived from the multi-stage catalytic oligomerization of a lower olefin such as propylene is subjected to selective catalytic hydrodewaxing in the presence of certain acidic zeolites, e.g., H-ZSM-23 and H-ZSM-35, preferably associated with a hydrogenation component such as platinum, palladium or zinc, to provide a high viscosity, low pour point lubricating oil product.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of preparation for a lubricant mixture having enhanced viscosity index comprising:(a) a low viscosity C.sub.20 -C.sub.60 lubricant range liquid comprising substantially linear hydrocarbons prepared by shape selective catalysis of lower olefin with medium pore acid zeolite catalyst to provide substantially linear liquid olefinic intermediates or C.sub.20.sup.+ hydrogenated lubricants, said lubricant range liquid having a kinematic viscosity of about 2-10 cS at 100.degree. C.; and(b) at least one poly(alpha-olefin) having viscosity greater than 20 cS and viscosity index improvement properties.

Abstract: Gasoline octane number and yield are improved while excess fuel gas production is decreased in a catalytic cracking process by integrating etherification and oxygenate/aliphatic upgrading processes into the catalytic cracking unit product fractionation section.

Abstract: A process is described for the gas-phase condensation of natural gas or methane into gasoline-range hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a mixture of methane and acetylene in the presence of a solid superacid catalyst to form isobutene, and (b) converting the isobutene product into gasoline-range hydrocarbons in the presence of a crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: It has been discovered that low viscosity lubricant can be prepared in high yield by catalytically cracking higher molecular weight oligomers of C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alpha-olefins prepared by oligomerization in contact with reduced chromium oxide catalyst on solid support. Further, it has been discovered that the reduced viscosity oligomers produced by cracking of high vicosity lubricant retains the superior characteristics of higher viscosity index and low pour point of the liquid lubricant starting material. The lubricants are cracked in contact with hydrogen and hydrocracking catalyst such as platinum or palladium on mildly acidic support. The support can be Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, acidified Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, zeolites comprising high silica ZSM-5, Beta, HY, USY, and clay. The reduced viscosity material is hydrotreated during cracking.

Abstract: Near linear higher olefinic hydrocarbons produced by the oligomerization of lower olefins using surface deactivated zeolite catalyst can be converted to a mixture comprising slightly branched and linear higher alpha olefins. These alpha olefins are oligomerized to lubricant grade hydrocarbons in contact with cationic, Ziegler or coordination catalyst. Oligomerization of the aforementioned alpha olefins using reduced valence state Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support provides a hydrocarbon lubricant with a viscosity index of greater than 130 at 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the conversion of natural gas into middle distillates. In the process, natural gas is converted into synthesis gas or syngas consisting essentially of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is contacted with a series of three catalyst beds comprising of an admixture of oxides of copper, zinc and aluminium in the first bed, an oxide of aluminium in the second bed and silicate salt of a rare earth metal in the third bed. From the aqueous phase, the olefinic hydrocarbons are separated and then converted into oligomers boiling in the middle distillates range by contacting with solid oligomerization catalyst. The oligiomers in admixture with hydrogen are then converted into middle distillates by contacting the admixture with a hydrogenation catalyst. The middle distillates are well known for their varied applications as fuel and illuminators.

Abstract: Unsaturated .alpha.-olefin oligomers are topped to remove monomer and dimer and then distilled to remove a trimer fraction leaving a residue of tetramer, pentamer and higher oligomers. The trimer fraction is hydrogenated to form saturated .alpha.-olefin oligomer suitable for use as a lubricant.

Abstract: A continuous multistage catalytic conversion system for upgrading lower olefins comprisingfirst adaibatic catalytic bed reactor means containing an acidic zeolite solid catalyst;means for feeding light olefinic gas directly to the first reactor without addition of separate diluent or recycle streams;means for operating the first reactor under olefin partial conversion conditions at elevated temperature to control adiabatic temperature increase;interstage quench means for injecting a liquid coolant directly into first stage effluent for reducing the temperature thereof and protecting downstream catalyst;second catalytic bed reactor means for receiving cooled first stage effluent with injected liquid coolant and further converting the olefins over a metallic zeolite catalyst having a metal ethene oligomerization component;means for cooling and recovering heavier liquid hydrocarbon product from the second reactor effluent; andmeans for recovering liquid coolant from the second effluent for recycle to the interst

Abstract: Synlubes having a consistently low pour point are made by feeding a promoter (e.g. water, alcohol) at a controlled rate over an extended time period to an .alpha.-olefin (e.g. 1-decene) in contact with boron trifluoride.