Abstract: A multistage process for producing isoalkyl ethers from lower aliphatic oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol. Feedstock is catalytically converted in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature in contact with zeolite catalyst to predominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 lower olefins comprising isobutylene and isoamylene, by-product water and a minor amount of C.sub.8.sup.+ hydrocarbons, followed by fractionation of the C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 olefins to recover a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -rich recycle stream for further catalytic conversion in the primary stage. C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 olefins are passed to a second catalytic etherification stage for reaction of isoalkenes with methanol to produce methyl tertiary-butyl ether, methyl isoamylether and higher isoalkyl ethers. The second stage effluent may be fractionated to recover an ether product, C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon liquid product, and unreacted butenes.

Abstract: A process of removing methanol from a mixed stream comprising methanol and at least one hydrocarbon and utilizing the hydrocarbon as feed for an acid catalyzed alkylation unit which produces a spent acid stream is provided. The process is comprised of the steps of contacting the mixed stream with at least a portion of the alkylation unit spent acid stream whereby the methanol is reacted therewith and an aqueous reaction mixture is formed, separating the aqueous reaction mixture from the hydrocarbon and conducting the hydrocarbon to the alkylation unit.

Abstract: A multistage process for producing ethers from lower aliphatic oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol. Feedstock is catalytically converted in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature in contact with zeolite catalyst to predominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 lower olefins comprising isobutylene and isoamylene, by-product water and a minor amount of C.sub.6.sup.+ hydrocarbons, followed by fractionation of the C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins to recover a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -rich recycle stream for further catalytic conversion in the primary stage. C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 olefins are passed to a second catalytic etherification stage for reaction of isoalkenes with methanol to produce methyl tertiary-butyl ether and methyl isoamylether. The second stage effluent may be fractionated to recover an ether product, C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon liquid product, and unreacted butenes.

Abstract: A process control technique for upgrading C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed containing olefins to produce heavier liquid hydrocarbons comprising converting a major portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins in an oligomerization zone by contacting a shape selective medium pore zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure to make distillate and olefinic gasoline. The oligomerization stage effluent is fractionated to provide distillate and gasoline product and a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream containing isobutane and unconverted propene and butylene. The C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream is combined under control with a portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 feed and further converting the combined streams in an alkylation zone to make heavier paraffinic hydrocarbons. The olefin feed may be produced by catalytically converting methanol or similar oxygenated hydrocarbons in a known process.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components; reacting C.sub.3 + olefins with excess isoparaffin in a catalytic alkylation reactor to produce C.sub.7 + alkylate hydrocarbons; fractionating the alkylation reactor effluent to provide a liquid hydrocarbon fraction rich in C.sub.4 + isoparaffin for recycle to the sorption zone as lean sorbent; and recovering C.sub.7 + alkylate product from the process.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins derived from sorbate.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components; reacting C.sub.3 + olefins with excess isoparaffin in a catalytic alkylation reactor to produce C.sub.7 + alkylate hydrocarbons; fractionating the alkylation reactor effluent to provide a liquid hydrocarbon fraction rich in C.sub.7 +, alkylate for recycle to the sorption zone as lean sorbent; and recovering C.sub.7 + alkylate product and C.sub.5 + gasoline from the process.

Abstract: A continuous process for upgrading C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed containing olefins to produce heavier liquid hydrocarbons comprising converting a major portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins in an oligomerization zone by contacting a shape selective medium pore zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure to make distillate and olefinic gasoline; fractionating the oligomerization stage effluent to provide distillate and gasoline product and a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream containing isobutane and unconverted propene and butylene; and combining the C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream with a portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 feed and further converting the combined streams in an alkylation zone to make heavier paraffinic hydrocarbons.The olefin feed may be produced by catalytically converting methanol or similar oxygenated hydrocarbons in a known process.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated for recycle and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising dominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated from primary stage effluent by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components which may be upgraded. Isoparaffin may be alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins in a secondary stage.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components;wherein the sorbent is obtained by condensing C.sub.5 + aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon from the primary stage.

Abstract: A process for separating dimethyl ether from a hydrocarbon mixture which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon mixture with an aqueous solution containing a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having a polarity of about 1.4 to about 2.0 Debyes.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for regenerating adsorbents used in an integrated process for the production of ethers such as methyl tertiary butyl ether by the reaction of an alcohol with an isoolefin. The sorbents are used to remove oxygenated compounds such as the product ether and the feed alcohol from a hydrocarbon-rich stream withdrawn from the etherification zone. The regeneration procedure includes contacting the sorbent with a heated hydrocarbon stream. The resultant contaminated hydrocarbon stream is passed into a stripping column used to remove light ends from the effluent of a dehydrogenation zone in which the isoolefin fed to the etherification zone is produced. The oxygenated compounds collected on the sorbent are thus selectively recycled or rejected rather than being destroyed or lost in low purity effluent streams.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for regenerating adsorbents used in an integrated process for the production of ethers such as methyl tertiary butyl ether by the reaction of an alcohol with an isoolefin. The sorbents are used to remove such compounds as the product ether and the feed alcohol from a hydrocarbon-rich stream withdrawn from the etherification zone. The regeneration procedure includes contacting the sorbent with a heated portion of the treated hydrocarbon stream. The resultant contaminated hydrocarbon stream is passed into a stripping column used to remove light ends from the effluent of a dehydrogenation zone in which the isoolefin fed to the etherification zone is produced. The hydrocarbonaceous compounds collected on the sorbent are thus recycled rather than being destroyed or lost in low purity effluent streams.

Abstract: In a combination alkylation-methyltertiary butyl ether (MTBE) operation, isobutane vapor side-draw and bottoms product yield from the alkylation fractionation, respectively, are used to indirectly heat the mid-section and reboil section of the methyltertiary butyl ether fractionator for heat conservation, beneficiating both the alkylation operation and the MTBE operation.

Abstract: MTBE is recovered from an ether containing effluent by fractionation. When driers are not used on the hydrocarbon feed to MTBE manufacture, a separate water-methanol phase occurs in the fractionation overhead which is separately processed in a methanol fractionator and the water recovered is used to water wash the separated hydrocarbon phase from the overhead while methanol is recycled to MTBE and when driers are used on the hydrocarbon feed a separate methanol phase occurs in the fractionation overhead which can be recycled to MTBE manufacture and the hydrocarbon phase is directly passed to a drier preceding alkylation.

Abstract: Introduction of undesirable materials through liquid containing vessels of an ether forming unit into an alkylation unit is prevented by pressurizing one or more of these liquid containing vessels of the ether forming unit with a gas which is compatible with both the ether forming reaction and the alkylation reaction and which has a boiling point to keep it in essentially the gas phase in the pressurized vessel and to keep it in the liquid or dissolved form in the overhead accumulator associated with the fractionator of the alkylation unit (if said gas is present in the accumulator at all).

Abstract: A process combination, with inter-cooperation, for producing high-octane alkylates comprising(a) dehydrogenating isopentane to isopentenes (amylenes),(b) introducing the mixture of said amylenes and unconverted isopentane into an HF alkylation unit for reaction with fresh or recycled isobutane,(c) separating the alkylation products into high octane alkylates, isopentane (for recycling to the dehydrogenation reactor) and isobutane (for recycling to the alkylation reactor).

Abstract: A C.sub.4 cut is upgraded according to the following steps:(a) the dried C.sub.4 cut is polymerized in the presence of fluorinated alumina, boron-alumina or silica-alumina, to convert at least 95% of isobutene to dimers and trimers, the conversion of the normal butenes being at most 3%,(b) the whole polymerization effluent is hydro-isomerized in the presence of a group VIII metal catalyst, to isomerize at least 90% of the 1-butene of said effluent,(c) the hydro-isomerization effluent is fractionated and a resultant fraction is alkylated.Resultant alkylate and mixture of dimers and trimers can be mixed and used as gasoline.

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched alkylates for blending into gasolines. The improved process comprises contacting the isoparaffins and olefins with a composite catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite and a Lewis acid.

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched alkylates for blending into gasolines. The improved process comprises contacting the isoparaffins and olefins with a catalyst comprising ZSM-20, preferably a HZSM-20 zeolite or a rare-earth cation exchanged ZSM-20 zeolite.

Abstract: An improved multiconversion zone process which results in an increased yield of motor fuel blending stocks from butanes is disclosed. A butane mixture is fractionated into isobutane-rich and normal butane-rich process streams, with the normal butane-rich stream being passed into an isomerization zone. All of the C.sub.4 's in the isomerization zone effluent and the normal butane-rich process stream are passed through a dehydrogenation zone. The entire dehydrogenation zone effluent stream is passed into an alkylation zone, and the alkylation zone effluent is fractionated. An alkylate-containing normal butane stream is recycled to the feed fractionator, and alkylate from the feed fractionator is admixed with an alkylate stream from the alkylation zone product fractionator to produce a product stream.

Abstract: A process for producing gasoline from a charge stream comprising a mixture of butanes and butylenes is disclosed. The quality of a product alkylate is improved by increasing the butene-2 content of an alkylation zone feed stream. A first portion of the charge stream is passed into a dimerization zone in which isobutylene is reacted with normal butylenes, with butene-1 being reacted to a greater extent than butene-2. A C.sub.8 hydrocarbon-containing product stream and a C.sub.4 stream having a higher butene-2 concentration than the charge stream are recovered from the dimerization zone. This high butene-2 content C.sub.4 stream is admixed with a second portion of the charge stream and passed into an alkylation zone wherein butylenes are reacted with isobutane to yield a second product stream containing C.sub.8 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for producing C.sub.8 hydrocarbons suitable for use as motor fuel blending components from normal butane or a mixture of isobutane and normal butane. A butane feed stream is fractionated to produce a normal butane stream which is passed through a butane isomerization zone. The effluent of the isomerization zone is admixed with isobutane and passed into a butane dehydrogenation zone. The C.sub.4 effluent of the dehydrogenation zone is passed into an HF alkylation zone in which C.sub.8 hydrocarbons are produced. The alkylation zone effluent stream is passed into the feed stream fractionator. Preferably, an isobutane stream is withdrawn from the feed stream fractionator and divided into a portion which is passed into the dehydrogenation zone and a portion passed into the alkylation zone based on a measurement of the isobutane inventory of the process.

Abstract: A process is described for producing methyl tert.-butyl ether from butane-containing light hydrocarbon mixtures. The n-butane is isomerized to isobutane which is dehydrogenated to an isobutene/isobutane molar ratio of 0.4 to 2:1, the isobutene in the mixture is etherified with methanol to form methyl tert.-butyl ether and the residual isobutane is recycled for dehydrogenation. After the isomerization step, the n-butane and isobutane can be separated and the n-butane recycled. The product containing methyl tert.-butyl ether can be used as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: An improved butane isomerization process which decreases the rate of catalyst deactivation is disclosed. A normal butane feed stream which contains small amounts of isobutylene is passed through a polymerization zone wherein the isobutylenes are converted into heavier hydrocarbons. The polymerization zone effluent is passed into the deisobutanizer column in which the isomerization zone effluent is separated for the recovery of the product isobutane. Heavy hydrocarbons are removed as a net bottoms stream and the remaining fresh feed components become part of the normal butane recycle stream removed from the deisobutanizer as a sidecut stream.

Abstract: Process for upgrading an olefinic C.sub.4 cut issued from a cracking or steam cracking unit, comprising subjecting said cut to isomerization conditions so as to convert at least 80% of its 1-butene content to 2-butenes, subjecting the so-treated C.sub.4 cut to polymerization conditions so as to convert at least 90% of its isobutene content to isobutene dimers and trimers without substantially converting the normal butenes, separating the isobutene dimers and trimers, alkylating the remaining fraction and fractionating the latter to an alkylate, L P G and an isobutane containing fraction.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for the production of motor fuel blending stocks from propane and butane is disclosed. Preferably a charge stream comprising a mixture of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 saturated hydrocarbons is split into a C.sub.3 stream passed into a dehydrogenation zone and a C.sub.4 stream passed into an isostripper column. Normal butanes are removed from the isostripper and passed into an isomerization zone, with product isobutane being concentrated by fractionation in the isostripper. Isobutane and propylene from the dehydrogenation zone are then reacted in an alkylation zone which produces C.sub.5 -plus product hydrocarbons. The effluent of the alkylation zone enters the isostripper. The product stream and a propane-containing stream are withdrawn from the isostripper, with the propane-containing stream being passed into a second separation zone. Alternative butane fractionation systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Dialkyl ether is produced by passing isoolefin, alkanol and diluent through a series of catalyst zones, cooling the effluent between zones and adding isoolefin and/or alkanol between zones.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for the production of motor fuel blending stocks from butanes is disclosed. The butane feed stream enters a deisobutanizer column. A normal butane-rich stream removed from the deisobutanizer is passed into an isomerization zone, with isomerization zone effluent being returned to the deisobutanizer. An isobutane-rich deisobutanizer overhead stream is passed through a dehydrogenation zone which contains a depropanizer and then into an alkylation zone. The effluent of the alkylation zone is fractionated into a product stream and recycle streams passed into the deisobutanizer and the depropanizer. The utilities cost of operating the process is lowered by integration of the heat exchange required in the process.

Abstract: High octane gasoline is obtained from C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 olefinic cuts by a combination of steps: oligomerization of the C.sub.3 fraction, hydroisomerization of 1-butene in the C.sub.4 cut, fractionation of the resultant C.sub.4 cut, hydrogenation of isobutene and alkylation. Resultant fractions are admixed to produce the desired high octane gasoline.

Abstract: Lead free gasoline of high octane number is obtained from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 olefinic cuts as follows: propylene contained in the C.sub.3 cut is oligomerized, at least 80% of the isobutene and less than 40% of the n-butenes of the C.sub.4 cut are oligomerized to form an oligomerizate distilling in the gasoline range, which is separated from the unreacted C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, the latter are subsequently alkylated to form a gasoline fraction which can be admixed with the oligomerizates of the C.sub.3 and the C.sub.4 cuts to produce the desired high octane gasoline.

Abstract: Utilization of isoparaffin is maximized in an alkylation of isoparaffin with olefin by variously detecting and/or measuring change in amount of hydrocarbon effluent, the alkylation zone and supplying a sufficient amount of olefin to said alkylation zone to keep the amount of hydrocarbon effluent said alkylation zone substantially constant, in one embodiment sensing the level of hydrocarbon in a settling zone in which alkylation zone effluent is settled, said level being representative of the amount of hydrocarbon being formed, and increasing the amount of olefin when effluent the alkylation zone is increasing, and vice versa.

Abstract: A process for producing high octane DIP (2,3-dimethylbutane) from mixed C.sub.4 olefins comprising the steps of subjecting the mixed C.sub.4 olefines to double bond isomerization, skeletal isomerization, olefin disproportionation, olefin hydrogenation and fractionation to yield DIP.

Abstract: A continuous process for alkylating an alkylatable hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid-type catalyst in which the alkylatable hydrocarbon is contacted with the alkylating agent in the presence of the catalyst at a temperature and for a time sufficient to alkylate the alkylatable hydrocarbon, the reaction product is separated into an alkylate product phase and a catalyst phase, containing catalyst-soluble oil, the catalyst phase is cooled to maintain a preselected temperature in the exothermic alkylation zone, the cooled catalyst phase is recycled to the alkylation reaction and a predetermined concentration of catalyst-soluble oil is maintained in the catalyst phase by at least periodically heating an alkylating agent to a temperature above the reaction temperature, contacting the heated alkylating agent with one of the separated recycle catalyst, separated rerun catalyst, fresh catalyst or mixture thereof and combining the resultant reaction product with separated recycle catalyst

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted into gasoline by contacting the gas with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst, the process being characterized by conversion of by-product isobutane into gasoline by alkylation.

Abstract: High octane gasoline is produced from cat cracked gasoline by cleaving the C.sub.5 olefins in the gasoline with ethylene in a first disproportionation zone. The effluent is separated to produce a C.sub.5.sup.+ stream, a first butenes stream and an ethylene-propylene stream. The ethylene-propylene stream is passed to a second disproportionation or cleavage zone along with additional propylene supplied from an external source. The effluent is separated to produce ethylene which is passed to the first disproportionation zone and a second stream of butenes. The butenes stream are combined and passed to an alkylation zone where it is alkylated with isobutane. The alkylate and remaining gasoline (C.sub.5.sup.+ stream) can be combined to produce a product higher in octane value than cat cracked gasoline.