Abstract: Tetrahydrotricyclopentadienes are isomerized to a low pour point, high energy missile fuel. Aluminum trichloride is the catalyst and an inert chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent is present. The mole ratio of AlCl3 to the diene is in the range between from about 0.005 to about 1.0. The isomerization temperature is in the range from between about ?20° C. to about 25° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for making 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane that is enriched in a particular geometric isomer. The process involves the thermal isomerization of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at temperature between 400° C. and 600° C. followed by an equilibration of the resultant intermediate in either the gas phase or liquid phase at temperature between 180° C. and 375° C. and at pressures ranging from 0.101 kPa to 1,013 kPa. Also disclosed are 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane compositions that are enriched in a particular geometric isomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) comprising methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. The starting material used is a stream (S1) which originates from a steamcracking process. The hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) obtained from this stream (S1) in an apparatus for aromatics removal has a reduced aromatics content compared to stream (S1), and (HM1) may optionally also be (virtually) free of aromatics. Depending on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1), especially in the case that benzene is present, the isomerization may additionally be preceded by performance of a hydrogenation of (HM1). In addition, depending on the presence of other components of (HM1), further purification steps may optionally be performed prior to or after the isomerization or hydrogenation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed generally to methods for producing high purity exo-alkenylnorbornenes from a mixture of conformational isomers thereof.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing a saturated, branched and cyclic hydrocarbon, in which a tertiary carbon atom of the hydrocarbon is converted to a secondary carbon atom in the course of isomerization, by performing the isomerization in the presence of a superacidic ionic liquid comprising an organic cation and an inorganic anion, where the anion is a superacidic aluminum trichloride-Lewis base adduct, and of a copper(II) compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for making 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane that is enriched in a particular geometric isomer. The process involves the thermal isomerization of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at temperature between 400° C. and 600° C. followed by an equilibration of the resultant intermediate in either the gas phase or liquid phase at temperature between 180° C. and 375° C. and at pressures ranging from 0.101 kPa to 1.013 kPa. Also disclosed are 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane compositions that are enriched in a particular geometric isomer.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing a saturated, branched and cyclic hydrocarbon, in which a tertiary carbon atom of the hydrocarbon is converted to a secondary carbon atom in the course of isomerization, by performing the isomerization in the presence of a superacidic ionic liquid comprising an organic cation and an inorganic anion, where the anion is a superacidic aluminum trichloride-Lewis base adduct, and of a copper(II) compound.

Abstract: The process of the present invention relates to a process for producing 1 3-cis retinoic acid. The process of the present invention involves reacting a Wittig salt in a solvent with a butenolide in the presence of a weak base and optionally, a Lewis acid.

Abstract: A hexanes stream, including normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane and cyclohexane is isomerized by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step to produce a normal hexaneisohexanes rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottom stream of the first fractionation step is isomerized to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead stream from the first fractionation step is fractionated in a second fractionation step to produce an isohexane rich overhead stream and a normal hexane rich bottoms stream, the effluent from the isomerization step is fractionated in at least one stage of a third fractionation step to produce a cyclohexane rich bottoms fraction and a methylcyclopentane-isohexane rich overhead stream and at least a part of the overhead stream from the third fractionation step is recycled to at least one of the isomerization steps and the first fractionation step.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the conversion of terpenes to limonene which comprises contacting at least one terpene, selected from the group comprised of mono- and bi-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons having the formula C.sub.10 H.sub.16 with an alkali metal sulfide catalyst on a support at a temperature of 300.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A novel disproportionation catalyst comprising the product resulting from the combination of elemental sulfur and a disproportionation catalyst consisting essentially of a refractory oxide containing molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a carbocyclic compound by contacting an rganic compound containing a 4-8 membered cyclic sulfide with ozone, in the vapor phase, and recovering a product containing a 3-7 membered carbocyclic ring.