Abstract: Processes are disclosed for preparing compounds of the formula Z--R--Z where each Z can be selected from cyclopentadienyl type radicals such as substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl or tetrahydroindenyl or where one Z is Cl, Br, or I by reacting specific Z precursors with a dihaloalkylene compound. Also new cyclopentadienyl-type compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: Tertiary alkyl substituted cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction of cyclopentadiene with a stoichiometric excess of a tertiary alkyl halide under phase transfer conditions. The tertiary-alkyl substituted cyclopentadienes are useful as synthetic lubricants.

Abstract: Alkylated polycycloparaffinic compounds useful as lubricating stocks are prepared by alkylating a polycycloparaffinic compound with an alkylating agent under alkylation reaction conditions in the presence of a zeolite catalyst. Useful zeolites include zeolite Beta as well as zeolites having a Constraint Index of from about 1 to about 10, such as ZSM-5 and MCM-22. In a preferred embodiment, the polycycloparaffin comprises adamantane and the alkylating agent is a C.sub.14 alpha-olefin.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted cyclopentadienes, cyclopentenes, and cyclopentanes and synthetic lubricating compositions. The preferred structures contain 1 to 6 alkyl groups which have 4 to 36 carbon atoms and may have different and varying carbon chain structures. The cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes are prepared by hydrogenation from the corresponding cyclopentadiene intermediates. The cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction with hydrocarbylating agents or alcohols. Mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted cyclopentadienes, cyclopentenes, and cyclopentanes are synthetic lubricating compositions. The preferred structures contain 1 to 6 alkyl groups which have 4 to 36 carbon atoms and may have different and varying carbon chain structures. The cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes are prepared by hydrogenation from the corresponding cyclopentadiene intermediates. The cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction with hydrocarylating agents or alcohols. Mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes are disclosed using a catalyst prepared by a method comprising reacting an adsorbent containing surface hydroxyl groups with a Lewis acid in a halogenated organic solvent.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted cyclopentadienes, cyclopentenes, and cyclopentanes are synthetic lubricating compositions. The preferred structures contain 1 to 6 alkyl groups which have 4 to 36 carbon atoms and may have different and varying carbon chain structures. The cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes are prepared by hydrogenation from the corresponding cyclopentadiene intermediates. The cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction with hydrocarbylating agents or alcohols. Mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a process for preparing higher order cuprate complexes which contain a carbanion for the formation of carbon to carbon bonds in reactions such as 1,4-conjugate addition. The complex is formed by reacting a first cuprate cmoplex with a stannane such that the carbanion to be used to form carbon to carbon bonds is transferred from the stannane to the first cuprate complex to form a different higher order cuprate complex. This process permits the in situ preparation of a higher order cuprate complex having the carbanion desired to be used in a synthetic reaction. Higher order cuprate complexes prepared by this process are particularly useful for the efficient preparation of pharmacologically active prostaglandins.

Abstract: A novel family of crystalline, microporus aluminophosphate compositions is synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization at elevated temperatures of aluminophosphate gels containing a molecular structure forming template. The family comprises a number of distinct species, each with a unique crystal structure. Calcination removes volatile extraneous matter from the intracrystalline void space and yields microporus crystalline adsorbents with uniform pores, the dimensions of which vary, among the individual species, from about 3A to 10A diameter. The composition exhibit properties somewhat analogous to zeolitic molecular sieves which render them useful as catalysts or catalyst bases in chemical reactions such as hydrocarbon conversions.

Abstract: An isobutenylcyclohexene (IBCH) is produced by reacting under disproportionation conditions an isoolefin with a vinylcyclohexene (VCH), or by reacting an isoolefin and a compound derivable from a VCH by homodisproportionation involving the elimination of ethylene, in the presence of a supported rhenium heptoxide disproportionation catalyst promoted with at least one transition metal in the form of the elemental metal and/or an oxide thereof, for example either copper or zinc.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted cyclopentadienes, cyclopentenes, and cyclopentanes are synthetic lubricating compositions. The preferred structures contain 1 to 6 alkyl groups which have 4 to 36 carbon atoms and may have different and varying carbon chain structures. The cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes are prepared by hydrogenation from the corresponding cyclopentadiene intermediates. The cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction with hydrocarbylating agents or alcohols. Mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylcyclopentadiene derivative comprising the vapor-phase reaction of a cyclopentadiene derivative and an aliphatic lower alcohol in the presence of a basic crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst containing an alkali metal.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted cyclopentadienes, cyclopentenes, and cyclopentanes are sythetic lubricating compositions. The preferred structures contain 1 to 6 alkyl groups which have 4 to 36 carbon atoms and may have different and varying carbon chain structures. The cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes are prepared by hydrogenation from the corresponding cyclopentadiene intermediates. The cyclopentadienes are prepared by reaction with hydrocarbylating agents or alcohols. Mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: An alkylation method of a cyclopentadiene derivative comprising the vapor-phase reaction of a cyclopentadiene derivative and an aliphatic lower alcohol in the presence of a specific heterogeneous basic catalyst.

Abstract: Synthesis of methylcyclopentadiene with limited amounts of dimethylcyclopentadiene by-product. Cyclopentadiene monomer is complexed with metallic sodium in diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethylether) and reacted with an alkylating agent such as methyl chloride in the presence of a large stoichiometric excess of cyclopentadiene monomer. A high yield of methylcyclopentadiene is obtained with only a small production of undesirable methylcyclopentadiene. The excess cyclopentadiene is easily recycled in a continuous process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for performing an exothermic reaction such as the etherification of isobutylene with methanol. The feed is charged to a vertical reaction zone containing a solid catalyst. Heat released by the exothermic reaction partially vaporizes the reactants, with the vapors traveling upward to a condensing zone. All of the condensable vapors entering the condensing zone are condensed and returned downward to the catalyst bed. A single effluent stream made up of the product, excess reactants and any unreactive compounds present in the feed streams is removed from the bottom of the reaction zone. This total reflux reaction zone allows temperature control within a catalyst bed without the use of indirect heat exchangers located within the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making anthraquinone by the cyclization reaction of orthobenzoylbenzoic acid. The process uses as a catalyst a cation-exchange resin formed from a polymer with a polytetrafluoroethylene backbone and sulfonic-acid sidechains.

Abstract: Alkali metal oxides of cis- and trans-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)-heptan-2-ol are surprisingly effective bases in organic reactions calling for the use of a strong base, especially those reactions wherein abstraction of a proton from attachment to a carbon atom is postulated to occur in the mechanism.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R'"in which R', R" and R'" are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R"'in which R', R" and R"' are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.