Abstract: A cholesteric mesophase pitch is disclosed along with methods for producing the same.

Abstract: Benzene and substituted benzene compounds are alkylated with olefins by contact with a catalyst which comprises a metal oxide substrate having tantalum (V) halide/oxide bound to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A mesophase pitch having ellipsoidal molecules is produced by the polymerization reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least two condensed rings in which the coupling polymerization constitutes at least 60% of the polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Compounds useful as fluorescers in aqueous chemiluminescent mixtures, have the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y represent hydrogen, or a quaternary ammonium group ##STR2## wherein m is 0 or 1n is an integer from one to fiveR.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or two of them form ring with N to make piperidinium, morpholinium or pyrrolidinium, andZ is an ion,the compound having at least one such quaternary group.

Abstract: Bis(p-alkylphenylethynyl)anthracenes are described for use as fluorescer components in chemiluminescent reaction mixtures and in precursor solutions or solid mixtures. Chemiluminescent mixtures comprising these fluorescers are shown to generate higher light capacity and higher quantum yields than those made with similar prior art fluorescers.

Abstract: Highly selective oxidative coupling of aromatic methyl groups, such as coupling toluene to DPE, is effected under mild, liquid phase conditions with a peroxodisulfate without expensive metal ion catalysts, in presence of substantial amounts, preferably equimolar, of methyl, ethyl or benzyl substituted quaternary ammonium salts. A continuous process is possible by electrolytic regeneration of the spent oxidant.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes with crystalline silicates surrounded by an alumina containing isostructural shell are claimed.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel hydrocarbon resins and processes for their preparation. More particularly, the invention relates to a liquid hydrocarbon resin prepared by polymerizing norbornene and xylene with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The polymerized resin is hydrogenated to provide water white liquid hydrocarbon resins useful as liquid tackifiers in preparing hot-melt adhesive formulations.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of diphenylmethanes and especially of unsubstituted and alkyl substituted diphenylmethanes such as diphenylmethane (DPM) itself and 2-benzyl toluene (OBT) which is an intermediate in the preparation of anthraquinone.The process involves the reaction of a benzene with an .alpha.-chloromethyl benzene in the presence of sulphuric acid and a cationic surfactant, such as a long chain quaternary ammonium salt, or a non-ionic surfactant susceptible to protonation under strong acid conditions, such as an alkoxylated alkyl phenol.

Abstract: Terminally-functional saturated hydrocarbon low molecular weight liquid polymers are prepared by cationic polymerization of a 1-alkene containing at least one tertiary or phenyl substituted carbon in the presence of a transfer agent containing a benzylic or tertiary halogen and at least one primary or secondary halogen wherein the 1-alkene is capable of being polymerized by a Friedel Crafts catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ortho-methyldiphenylmethane, a compound useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of anthraquinone, using liquid hydrogen fluoride to catalyze the alkylation of benzene with .alpha.-chloro-o-xylene at temperatures from about -10.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A multi-stage dehydrogenation process for preparing indene and substituted indenes from indene precursors more saturated than indene is described. The process comprises the steps of(a) contacting said indene precursor in a first dehydrogenation zone with a dehydrogenation catalyst at an elevated temperature to form an intermediate product,(b) advancing the product of the first dehydrogenation zone to a second dehydrogenation zone,(c) contacting said product in the second dehydrogenation zone with a second dehydrogenation catalyst at an elevated temperature, and(d) recovering indene or a substituted indene from said second zone.The process of the invention results in yields of indene which are enhanced when compared to single stage, essentially isothermal processes using a single catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the co-production of indene and styrene from a mixture of cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene and butadiene is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of reacting cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene with butadiene in a Diels-Alder reaction to form a mixture of tetrahydroindene, vinylcyclohexene and vinylnorbornene followed by the recovery of the tetrahydroindene and vinylcyclohexene, and the oxydehydrogenation of the tetrahydroindene/vinylcyclohexene mixture utilizing a composite catalyst comprising cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide.

Abstract: A dehydrogenation process for producing indene and substituted indenes from tetrahydroindene or substituted tetrahydroindene is described and comprises contacting said tetrahydroindene or substituted tetrahydroindene with a catalyst comprising cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide at an elevated temperature for a period of from about 0.1 to 30 seconds. The tetrahydroindene and substituted tetrahydroindenes may be prepared from cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene and a butadiene.

Abstract: Provided is a method of aralkylating alkylbenzenes by contacting styrene and alkylbenzene at an elevated temperature in the presence of a resinous perfluoro polymer.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is bismuth, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, indium, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is antimony, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, gallium, arsenic, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is bismuth, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from indium, silver, Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from zinc, germanium, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition.

Abstract: A radiation resistant working oil for lubricating parts of atomic power facilities which are exposed to radioactive rays consists essentially of alpha-benzyl substituted methylnaphthalene isomers and beta-benzyl substituted methylnaphthalene isomers in the ratio of about 1:0.2-1:1.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from thallium and Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from thallium and Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, phosphorus, arsenic, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is cobalt and M.sup.2 is lanthanum, and wherein a is 1, b is 1 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: Propylene and benzene are directly reacted in a single step process for making indene by means of a liquid phase catalytic reaction using a gold complex as the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for preparing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with excellent yield and selectivity but without the formation of cyclic dimers and other undesirable by-products. In the method of the present invention, styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, .beta.-methylstyrene and/or vinyltoluene is dimerized and/or codimerized to produce unsaturated dimer and/or codimer in the first step reaction and said unsaturated dimer and/or codimer is caused to react with an aromatic hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons in the second step reaction, and both the first and second step reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst which is represented by the general formula: RCF.sub.2 SO.sub.3 H, in which the symbol R is Cl, F or C.sub.n F.sub.p CL.sub.2n+1-p, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3 and p is also an integer from 1 to 2n+1.

Abstract: Diphenylmethane is synthesized by reacting benzene and benzyl chloride at elevated temperatures in a Friedel-Crafts type reaction using catalytic amounts of a Friedel-Crafts metal halide catalyst such as ferric chloride whereby the desired product is obtained with a good selectivity and a high conversion rate.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is bismuth and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from indium, silver, Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 100, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is thallium and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from arsenic, antimony, thorium, uranium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 3b, 4b, 5b, and 7b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of processing thermal cracked by-product oil which comprises reacting a distillate from a thermal cracked by-product oil principally containing components of a boiling range between 75.degree. C. and 198.degree. C. said distillate being one of the distillates from the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons at a cracking temperature of 700.degree. C. or higher, and containing a ratio of 5-100 molar percent aromatic olefins to non-olefinic aromatic hydrocarbons, in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst under such conditions that the reaction temperature is 0.degree. C.-200.degree. C., the liquid residence time is 0.1 hour-5 hours and wherein the content of aromatic olefins in the reaction system are 5% by weight or less at the end of the reaction, to yield a processed distillate containing non-condensed di- and tricyclic aromatic compounds which are reaction products of aromatic olefins with other aromatic hydrocarbons but no substantial amount of unsaturated components.

Abstract: A method and catalyst for preparing styrene which comprises dehydrodimerization of toluene, followed by conversion of the resulting dehydrodimerization products to styrene. The conversion is conducted in the presence of ethylene using a catalyst consisting of chromium oxide, tungsten oxide and an alkali metal oxide supported by a carrier. The method according to the present invention makes it possible to increase the yield of styrene and simplify the process technology.

Abstract: Novel dyestuffs comprising at least one laser dyestuff radical and at least one fluorescent dyestuff radical, where the fluorescent range of the fluorescent dyestuff radical overlaps the absorption range of the laser dyestuff radical and is linked with the laser dyestuff radical directly or via a bridge member having a length of at most 20 A in such a manner that the .pi. electron systems of the individual radicals are decoupled, are outstandingly effective and long lived when used in dyestuff lasers. The dyestuffs can be of the formula:X--(CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X--[(CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X].sub.mwhereinN is 0 or an integer from 1 up to a number corresponding to a chain length of 20 A,m is 0, 1, 2 or 3,X is a laser dyestuff radical L or a fluorescent dyestuff radical F andR.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: An inclusion compound comprising meta-cyclophane of the formula ##STR1## and at least one benzene derivative included therein. And a process for separating an isomer containing a substituent at least at the 1- and 4-positions from a mixture containing isomers of a benzene derivative, which comprises contacting the meta-cyclophane with the mixture containing isomers of a benzene derivative thereby to form an inclusion compound in which an isomer containing a substituent at least at the 1- and 4-positions is included in the meta-cyclophane, then separating the inclusion compound from the mixture, and thereafter separating the isomer from the inclusion compound.